I dont like going there.
I dont like to go there.
某些英语动词的后面既可以接动名词,又可以接不定式,但意思有差异。一般说来,有下列三点区别:
(一)动名词所表示的涵义比不定式所表示的涵义显得一般和概括。例如:
I dont like going there.
我(平日一向)不喜欢到那儿去。
I dont like to go there.
我(今日或在某一特定的场合下)不想到那儿去。
通过下面的例句,我们可以进一步辨别它们的不同涵义:
I like playing football(in general),but I do not like to play football today(on such a cold day).
(二)动名词表示习惯的或未完成的行为;不定式动词表示具体的或完成的行为。例如:
I like smoking a cigarette before going to bed.
我(平日总是)喜欢在睡觉前抽支烟。
Tonight I like to smoke a cigarette before going to bed.
今天晚上,我想先抽支烟然后去睡觉。
(三)不定式动词所表示的动作主体往往是句子的主语,而动名词所表示的动作主体也可以是其他的人。
例:
I dont like to swim immediately after supper.
I dont like swimming immediately after supper.
第一句 to swim的行为主体是句中的主语I,第二句swimming的行为主体就不一定是I,很可能是其他的人,因此,此句亦可译作我不喜欢你们(或别人)在吃完晚饭后马上去游水。
尚需指出一点,当动词like的主语是第二人称而不是第一人称时,其后接动名词,表示爱好、喜欢的意思,如接不定式,则表示愿望、选择之意。试比较下面的例句:
De you like smoking a cigarette before going to bed?
你是否喜欢在上床睡觉前抽支烟?
De you like to smoke a cigarette?
你要抽支烟吗?
此外请注意,在动词begin和star之后,用动名词和不定式并无区别可言。如:He began studying English last year和He began to study English last year并没有区别。但当这些动词作进行时态用时,最好用不定式,不用动名词,以避免-ing的重复。如:
Its beginning to rain(不用raining).
He is beginning to study French.(不用studying).
但在动词want之后,用动名词和动词不定式,意义就大不相同。当want表达wish和desire的意义时,其后用不定式;表达need和require意义时,其后用动名词。例:
I dont want(=wish)to see him.(这里的to see不能改作seeing)
The room wants(=needs)cleaning.(这里的 cleaning不能改作to clean)
英美人在谈话中,want(作need或require解),其后可以接被动语态的动词不定式,例如上面的最后一句可以改写为:The room wants/needs to be cleaned.
另一点需要注意的是,有些动词后,只能接动名词,不能接不定式。例如:admit、avoid、enjoy、finish、give up、mind、miss、practise、suggest等。反之,有些动词后只能接不定式,不能接动名词,如:encourage、urge、intend、hope、wish、strive等。请试看以下一些例子:
The shoplifter admitted stealing a box of chocolate from the supermarket.
I avoid going out in bad weather.
You are encouraged to voice your opinion.
The teacher urges the students to study hard.
下一篇: 相似词语辨析【81】hire,rent
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