以前谈过了动词形态的错误,这种错误屡见不鲜,是英语错误中常见的一种。因为这缘故,很多英语考试,都会有一项动词形式选择或改正的试题。
从观察所得,动词形态错误的一个原因是不规则动词的混淆所引起的。
这里便举些例子谈谈。
㈠ Hang
这动词有两个主要意思,就是悬挂和吊死。前者的过去式和过去分词是hung,如:
① Mr Lim hung a newly bought oil painting on the wall.
② Who has hung the dirty clothes on the tree?
Hang当吊死时用,它的过去式和过去分词是hanged,如:
③ The prisoner hanged himself in the prison.
④ Drug-traffickers, if arrested, will be hanged.
如果贸贸然用hung代替hanged或以hanged取代hung就会令人莫名其妙,如:
⑤ The murderer was caught and hung.
⑥ How can such a nice painting be hanged in the kitchen?
㈡ Lie
这动词的常见意思是说谎和躺下。前者的过去式和过去分词是lied;后者的是lay和lain.
若不小心,把两个动词的形式搞乱了,很可能会有这样的错误:
⑦ The puppy lied on the carpet and slept.
⑧ Have you lain to your good friend?
⑦里的应为lay;⑧里的是lied.
提到lay,它也是原动词,意思是生产或摆设;过去式和过去分词都是laid,如:
⑨ That hen has laid its first egg.
⑩ Mother laid the table for dinner.
㈢ Speed
当急驰时,这动词的过去式和过去分词是sped;和up连用当 加速解时,则用speeded,如:
The boy ran out of doors and sped down the main road.
The new scheme has speeded up the administrative process.
㈣ Bear
这动词有几个意思,包括生产和出生,过去形式是bore ,过去分词是born/borne,如:
Pat has borne two lovely children.
Lily was born after Singapores independence.
Born只用在出生这意思上,其余的要用borne,如:
The Governments investments abroad have borne fruit.(结果)
David has borne with the unfriendly criticisms with tremendous courage.(忍受)
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