中英两种语言的结构有很大不同,词序便是其中一种。例如英语单数人称代名词(singular personal pronouns)的秩序是:You and I; he and I; you, he and I.You常常居前;I则殿后。复数人称代词(plural personal pronouns)的位置是:We and you; you and they; we, you and they.We常常在最前;they在最后。
后面这词序和中文的一样,但前面那种排列,却和中文的不同: 我和你;我和他;我,你,他。我常在前;他常在后。
简简单单的人称代词的秩序,就有这么大的差别,其他更复杂的结构之间的差异,可想而知了。
现在试再举些其他词序的差异,以飨读者。 ① 要分清敌我We must distinguish between ourselves and the enemy. ② 男女老少men and women, young and old ③ 发展钢铁工业develop the iron and steel industry
此外,中英文并列的词语有轻重之分。中文往往把重的词放在前,把分量较轻的摆在后;英语则恰恰相反:轻者在前,重者在后。例如: ④ 无地和少地的农民Those peasants who have little or no land ⑤ 救死扶伤Heal the wounded and rescue the dying. (扶也可译为support或assist) ⑥ 使人民经济有所增长,有所补充We must help the people to supplement and expand their economy.
上述中英词序的差异,稍微不察,便会出错,在各别使用中文式英语时,难免感到句式不自然,不舒畅;因此要多多留意。
其实,不谈两种不同语言的词序,就英语来说,词序(word order)也是运用上的错误之一,只是不比其他几种常见错误普遍罢了。
⒈频率副词(adverbs of frequency),如:
⑦a. Jim always is happy.
b. Jim is always happy.
⒉倒装句(inverted constructions),如:
⑧a. Only by working hard you can become useful to the country.
b. Only by working hard can you become useful to the country.
⑨a. Seldom I have seen such an irrational person.
b. Seldom have I seen such an irrational person.
⑩a. Under no circumstances we will help those not wishing to help themselves.
b. Under no circumstances will we help those not wishing to help themselves.
⒊可分开的片语动词宾语(objects of separable phrasal verbs),如:
11a. - Take off your hat, please!
Take off it now !
b. - O.K. Let me take it off straight away.
⑦a-11a的词序都错;⑦b-11b的才对。
上一篇: 英语讲义【84】助动词与情态动词
下一篇: 英语讲义【69】句子的类别
说说我的心里话
自然美景之可爱的月季花
泰国新年临近 曼谷实施10天禁酒令
国内英语资讯:Chinese vice premier talks with British finance minister on bilateral cooperation
爸爸妈妈我想对你说
My Family 我的家庭
小树,我想对你说
体坛英语资讯:Tsitsipas wraps back-to-back victory in Marseille
蚌的血液是淡蓝色的
国内英语资讯:China has never exported Chinese model to anyone: FM spokesperson
国际英语资讯:Putin, Trump, King Salman agree to coordinate moves on stabilizing oil markets -- Kremlin
爸爸妈妈我想对您说(1)
爸爸妈妈我想对您说(5)
我想对你说
老师,我想对您说
国际英语资讯:Chinas help in COVID-19 fight boosts intl cooperation: Ethiopian scholar
体坛英语资讯:Kenyan Chumba eyes Tokyo marathon title
自然美景之绿萝
国际英语资讯:UK PM moved out of intensive care
我种了一棵石榴树
农业农村部:狗已“特化”为伴侣动物 不宜列入畜禽管理
国内英语资讯:Slanders, accusations will not drive viruses away: Chinese FM spokesperson
自然美景之桃花
这十种方法让自己的大脑变得更聪明
妈妈我想对你说
海水温度升高 大堡礁五年内出现第三次大规模珊瑚白化
国内英语资讯:Chinese mainland reports 42 new confirmed COVID-19 cases
体坛英语资讯:VAR headlined again in Premier League
成功的投资者都有什么特点?
国际英语资讯:Coronavirus cases reach 143,626 in Italy, pressure on hospitals decrease