英语词汇丰富,惯用语很多。学习英语者,不能只注意单字单词,他们也必须同时学习各常见的惯用语,以便从另一领域增加英语词汇。
什么是英语惯用语呢?它们有哪些类别呢?
所谓惯用语(idiomatic expressions),顾名思义,就是两个或两个以上的字合组而成一个固定短语,具有个固定意思,有时,如片语动词,还可能有一个以上的含义。
英语常见惯用语有七种如下:
㈠片语动词(phrasal verbs),如:
①turn down:拒绝;②turn up:出现;③take after:长得像 ;④put off:延期;⑤put up with:忍受;⑥do away with:取消、废除;⑦go back on:食言;⑧zero in on:将注意力集中在
㈡介词短语(prepositional phrases),如:
①in a nutshell:总而言之;②by leaps and bounds:很迅速地;③with open arms:热烈地;④under the weather:不舒服; ⑤from time to time:偶尔;⑥of ones own free will:自愿地;⑦by degrees:渐渐地;⑧on ones own:独自;⑨without fail :一定;⑩in high spirits:精神奕奕地。
㈢动词短语(verb phrases),如:
①pluck up courage:鼓起勇气;②get to the bottom of :查询到底;③ hold the fort:代人尽责;④waste ones breath :浪费气力;⑤close ones eyes to:熟视无睹;⑥come in handy:会有用处;⑦go without saying:不说便知;⑧lose track of:失去踪迹。
㈣名词短语(noun phrases),如:
① a birds eye view of:概览;② a bolt from the blue:晴天霹雳;③ Achilles heel:人性上的一个弱点;④ childs play:轻而易举的事;⑤ food for thought:可供思考的事;⑥ a flash in the pan:昙花一现;⑦a feast for the eyes :赏心悦目事;⑧ the rat race:激烈的竞争。
㈤形容词短语(adjective phrases),如:
① bent on:决心;② susceptible to:易于 ;③devoid of:缺乏;④conducive to:有助于; ⑤comfortably off:富裕的;⑥ busy with:忙于;⑦ second to none:最佳的;⑧serious of purpose:认真的。
㈥三合一短语,如:
① ways and means:各种方法;② aches and pains:各种疼痛;③ law and order:法规;④ odds and ends:零星杂品;⑤ make or break:不成功就失败;⑥ give and take:亦取亦舍、互相忍让;⑦ forgive and forget:既往不咎;⑧ hale and hearty :健壮的;⑨free and easy:自由自在的;⑩ here and there:各处;11 safe and sound:安然无恙的;12 now and then:偶尔。
㈦成语/谚语(proverbs/ maxims),如:
① more haste, less speed:欲速不达;② man proposes, God disposes:谋事在人,成事在天;③ strike while the iron is hot:打铁趁热;④ easy come, easy go:易得易失;⑤ time flies:光阴飞快;⑥ prevention is better than cure:预防胜过治疗;⑦ never say die:永不言休;⑧ the early bird catches the worm:早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
在这七种惯用语中,㈠-㈤数目多又好用,片语动词尤为特出,不论是口语或书写,都很适合。第七类,流传已久,耳熟能详,宜于适当时刻使用。第六类出现的时间较迟,数量较少,但是很有用,颇受欢迎。
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