和其他合成词一样,合成形容词(compound adjectives)也是由两个或两个以上的字合组而成的。由于现代英语结构尽量从繁入简,合成词,特别是合成形容词的运用,就越来越普遍,报章杂志更是如此。
合成形容词的构成方法,主要有下列 6 种:
①名词+形容词,如:
oil-rich, duty-free, praiseworthy, life-long, carefree, worldwide, skin-deep, sea-sick, cock-sure, word-perfect 等。
②形容词+形容词,如:
bitter-sweet, red-hot, Afro-Asian, socio-political, dead-alive, blue-black 等。
③名词+现在分词,如:
peace-loving, labour-saving, law-abiding, time-consuming, painstaking, trouble-shooting 等。
④名词+过去分词,如:
examination-oriented, man-made, poverty-stricken, bed-ridden, wind-blown, weather-beaten, heart-broken 等。
⑤形容词+现在分词,如:
good-looking, easy-going, eager-seeming, direct-acting 等。
⑥形容词+过去分词,如:
kind-hearted, narrow-minded, single-handed, new-born, soft-spoken, strong-headed, many-sided 等。
在这六类合成形容词中,①、③和④的生产率最高。
此外,合成形容词还可以从其他词类或结构转化而来,气象万千,韵味十足:
⑴从副词短语转化而来,如:
all-round protection, off-the-cuff opinion, round-the-clock investigation, the ahead-of-schedule general election, a once-a-week discussion 等。
⑵从片语动词转化而成,如:
a back-up generator, the break-in time, a catch-up programme, a see-through shirt, a stand-up collar 等。
⑶从不带to的不定式动词转化而成,如:
take-home pay, a keep-fit class, a get-acquainted party, a cross-border raid, a grow-slow policy 等。
⑷由介词短语转化后移至名词前,如:
discussions on foreign policyforeign-policy discussions; the relationship between teachers and students the teacher-student relationship; a proposal for the withdrawal of troopsa troop-withdrawal proposal 等。
⑸由形容词分句转化后移至名词前,如:
a machine that is difficult to operatea difficult-to-operate machine; magazines which are hard to get athard-to-get-at magazines; a politician who is not so stronga not-so-strong politician 等。
⑹由成语或惯用语转化后移至名词前,如:
a step-by-step procedure, an on-the-job training, a dog-in-the-manger attitude, a live-and-let-live policy 等。
前面6种构成法约定俗成,一切中规中矩,后面6种涵盖面大,极为灵活。光是通过成语转化的形容词合成词,数目都在不断扩大中,非常受欢迎。如 an out-of-the-way village(遥远的),a get-rich-quick mentality(快速致富的)。
上一篇: 英语讲义【58】转化动词活灵活现
下一篇: 英语讲义【44】合成动词
国际英语资讯:Police shoot dead anti-poll protester in west Kenya
国际英语资讯:U.S. seeks no war, but denuclearization of Korean Peninsula: defense chief
川普以国家安全为由宣布暂缓解密数百份肯尼迪遇刺文件
国内英语资讯:China to further promote social civility in rural areas
基因检测结果呈阴性?这可能是“虚假的安慰”
体坛英语资讯:Kenyas Cheruiyot eyes Frankfurt course record and first win in marathon
国际英语资讯:Boeing CEO admits mistakes on 737 Max, deflects tough questions at Senate hearing
国内英语资讯:U.S. urged to stop using Tibet-related issues to interfere in Chinas internal affairs
国际英语资讯:Firestorm over questionable 300 mln USD contract to restore Puerto Rico power
爱奇艺将于2018年在美国IPO 估值超80亿美元
国内英语资讯:Chinese vice premier attends Thai King Bhumibol Adulyadejs royal cremation ceremony
张培基英译散文赏析之《欣赏自己》
国际英语资讯:Manila appoints ambassador to DPRK
为什么万圣节要吃糖果?
国内英语资讯:63th joint patrol starts on Mekong River
学会做一个听众
国际英语资讯:UN Security Council strengthens call for womens participation in peace processes
国际英语资讯:UN envoy calls for dialogue to find solution to Iraqs protests
国际英语资讯:Interview: APEC summit to bring regional cooperation closer to people, businesses: Vietnames
分手还能做朋友!比伯和赛琳娜重拾友情
2017年12月英语四级作文范文:节食减肥
体坛英语资讯:Olympic badminton champion Chen sails through first round at French Open
国内英语资讯:China prepared for second import expo: vice commerce minister
肯尼迪遇刺档案解密 或揭开世纪最大迷案
New Year Mood 年味
美三个航母战斗群十年来首次同时现身太平洋
新西兰女总理上任第一把火:禁止外国人买房
体坛英语资讯:Host Indonesia expects to secure golds in at least 8 sports in 18th Asian Games
国内英语资讯:Premier Li meets South African deputy president
Boxing Day 节礼日