请看下面这段对话,它的特色在于四个片语动词,使会话显得轻松灵活:
X: Why cant Mary go to the picnic with us ?
Y: Because something important cropped up and she had to see to it.
X: Too Bad ! Can we do without her ?
Y: No, I think we had better put off the picnic until next Saturday.
什么是片语动词(Phrasal Verbs)呢?
片语动词是现代英语中最常见的一种惯用语,由动词+介词/ 副词构成,有一个意思,甚至多个意思,其作用等于谓语动词,可以是及物动词(The Transitive Verb),有宾语,如:see to, do without, put off等,也可以是不及物动词(The Intransitive Verb),没宾语,如crop up, speak up, opt out等。
这些是二字一体的片语动词,数目很多;也有三字一体 的,数目少得多,如:do away with, go back on, zero in on , hold on to, speak up for等。它们的构成成分是:动词+副词+介词。
二字一体的片语动词的两个字有些可以分开,有些则不可分开。如果是前者的话,那么它的名词宾语可以摆在后面(见例①)或在两个字之间(见例②):
⑴ I have left out a word.
⑵ I have left a word out.
如果宾语是代词,就必须在二字之间,如:
⑶ I have left it out.
不可以说:I have left out it .
可分开的片语动词情况如此,不可分开的又怎样呢?不可分开的片语动词的宾语,不管是名词或代词,都要在后面才出现,如:
⑷ X: When did you run into Mr Lee?
Y: I ran into him Yesterday.
文章开头话里的四个片语动词,除了put off之外,其他三个都是不可分开的。此外,三字一体的片语动词一律不可分开,如:
⑸ Can the government do away with examinations?(废除)
⑹ Dont go back on your promise.(违背)
⑺ The rich should not look down on the poor. (轻视)
⑻ We must all work hard to keep up with the times.(赶上)
综上所述,片语动词的确是种颇具特色的惯用语,极富生命力,可以在书写时用,更可以在口语中用;主要原因是片语动词结构简单,脱口而出,毫无发音上的困难。因此应该多用片语动词交谈,不要过分依赖同义的单字单词。试比较下列四句话:
⑼ a. The police are looking into the accident.
b. The police are investigating the accident.
⑽ a. The firemen have put out the blaze.
b. The firemen have extinguished the blaze.
⑾ a. Can we do away with all the old customs?
b. Can we abandon all the old customs?
⑿ a. Is it possible to wipe out social ills?
b. Is it possible to eliminate social ills?
在这四句中,是⑼a-⑿a 的难,还是⑼b-⑿b的易?如果答案是前者,那末就要加油,丰富你的片语动词,然后与单字单词交替使用,让英语更铿锵,更洒脱。
上一篇: 英语讲义【50】具副词功能的现在分词短语
下一篇: 英语讲义【59】名词修饰语的排列秩序
有些人睡眠少身体棒?原来是基因决定的
体坛英语资讯:Jiangsu wins 5th straight by beating Beijing
When We Get Angry 当我们生气了
国际英语资讯:World leaders call for unity, promise economic progress in new year
国际英语资讯:Firefighters battling Californias wild fire on Christmas Day
韩国提议与朝鲜举行高层会谈
体坛英语资讯:Iran lift Asian Mens Volleyball Championship title
体坛英语资讯:Bolivia midfielder Chumacero joins Mexicos Puebla
体坛英语资讯:Real Madrid and Athletic Bilbao set pace in La Liga
国际英语资讯:Pardon of ex-president Fujimori sparks protests, controversy in Peru
国内英语资讯:China to renovate 5.8 million homes in 2018
英国女王2017圣诞演讲:家是温馨、熟悉和爱的来源
国内英语资讯:Chinese, Afghan FMs meet for closer cooperation
科罗拉多最新枪击事件
国内英语资讯:China Focus: China wins global applause for efforts in world peacekeeping
国内英语资讯:China to advance energy revolution, enhance global cooperation: vice premier
国际英语资讯:Russia bans opposition leader from running for presidency in 2018
体坛英语资讯:Chinese players impress in Hainan Chess Open
如何真正的爱自己?
The Reason that I Strive 努力奋斗的理由
NASA提出新的概念引擎,据说能达到光速的99%
国际英语资讯:S.Korea offers high-level talks with DPRK after Kim Jong Uns New Year speech
体坛英语资讯:Chile football chief confirms talks with Colombian coach Rueda
国内英语资讯:China supports Europe in playing more active role in global affairs: FM
国内英语资讯:China Focus: CPC unveils regulation to promote transparency in Party affairs
国际英语资讯:Irans top leader warns of anti-Iran plots
体坛英语资讯:Liverpool regain 5 point lead after hard-fought win at Chelsea
Electronic Music 电子音乐
阿富汗首都自杀炸弹攻击造成6死2伤
国内英语资讯:China Focus: Lawmakers discuss report on cultural heritage, highlight people-oriented approa