英语讲义【42】“疑问词+不定式动词”结构-查字典英语网
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英语讲义【42】“疑问词+不定式动词”结构

发布时间:2016-03-01  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  英语有个很有用的结构,就是:疑问词+不定式动词(question word + to-infinitive)。

  疑问词是疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose和疑问副词when, where, how, why 。此外,连接词whether也适用。

  疑问词+不定式动词结构有何功用呢?其主要功用有下列五种:

  ⑴当主语,如:

  ● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.

  ● Where to live is a problem.

  ● How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic.

  ⑵当宾语,如:

  ● We must know what to say at a meeting.

  ● He could not tell whom to trust.

  ● Do you know how to play bridge?

  ⑶当补足语,如:

  ● The problem is where to find the financial aid.

  ● The question is who to elect.

  ⑷当名词同位语,如:

  ● Tom had no idea which book to read first.

  ● Do you have a rough impression how to do it?

  ⑸当宾语补足语,如:

  ● Jim is not sure whose to choose.

  ● Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not.

  适用于疑问词+不定式动词的动词包括:know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand等。

  有点值得特别注意的是:当这结构当宾语时,它的作用等于名词分句,例如:

  ● I could not decide which dictonary to buy. / I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.

  ● Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher.

  有些动词,如ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach等,可以先有个宾语,然后才接着加上适当的疑问词+不定式动词 结构。例如:

  ● The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine.

  ● Have you told him where to get the application form?

  综上所述,可见疑问词+不定式动词结构是个形象清新,既容易用又不容易出错的特别结构,可以多多运用。

  

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