英语讲义【18】特殊句子的被动语态-查字典英语网
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英语讲义【18】特殊句子的被动语态

发布时间:2016-03-01  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  前两三期谈过了被动语态的变法及在什么情况下要用被动语态。

  这里要谈的是:如何处理某些句子的被动语态。

  先看看双宾语句子如何变成被动语态。

  大家知道,英语有些句子含有两个宾语:直接宾语和间接宾语。例如:

  The crowd gave the guest a warm welcome 里,就有双宾语。一个是直接宾语a warm welcome ;另一个是间接宾语the guest。

  在变成被动语态时,其中一个宾语要成为主语。在一般情况下,我们多以间接宾语为主语,直接宾语留在原位,如:

  The guest was given a warm welome by the crowd 。

  但是,如果重点在直接宾语,直接宾语便要变成被动语态的主语,如:

  We will offer any capable applicant a competitive salary.要变成:

  A competitive salary will be offered to any capable applicant.

  接着,让我们看看名词分句如何变成被动语态,例如:

  People generally feel that social workers are offering valuable services for the public.这句子可以it 作为主语,然后,把名词分句移到句子后头去:

  It is generally felt that social workers are offering valuable services for the public.

  另外一种变法是把名词分句的主语转为被动句的主语,接着把名词分句的动词变成不定式动词:

  Social workers are generally felt to be offering valuable services for the public.

  最后,谈谈怎样把不带to的不定式动词变成被动语态。例如:

  We saw them go out和He made her work这两句话里, go out和work 不带to ,但是当它们变成被动句时, to 出现了:

  They were seen to go out.和She was made to work.

  在结束本文之前,顺便指出中英文句子结构的一个差异,就是中文含有被动意义的句子,不一定要用被字,但在译成英文时,却要变成被动语态。例如:

  ①灯关掉了:The light was turned off (不是:The light turned off)

  ②会议延期举行:The meeting will be put off. (不是:The meeting will put off)

  ③这件事必须保密:This matter should be kept secret.(不是:This matter should be secret)

  ④发展计划提早完成:The development project was completed before schedule.

  ⑤我们学校去年建造了一个新的电脑室: Last year, a new computer room was built in our school.

  ⑥在旧社会,妇女是受轻视的:In the old society,women were looked down upon.

  

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