表示伴随情况时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构:with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。例如:
He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise.他举手着站在那儿。
典型例题
The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词手与分词绑是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题: 当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制。例如:A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.(hand前不能加his)劫匪冲进房间,手里拿着刀。
2) 当表示人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词。例如:
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
他躺在那儿,牙紧咬,双手握拳,两眼直勾勾看着上面。
典型例题:
Weather___, well go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。 由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许,表主动,应用现在分词,故选B.
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, well go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。
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