1)一般式表示与主语动词同时发生。例如:
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息,他高兴得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。
典型例题
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此处没有连词,不能选D,否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing. 只能在B,C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生,且与主语为主动关系,应用现在分词。
2)完成时表示先于主语动词发生。例如:
While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语,如果先与主动词的动作,且强调先后, 要用having done.
Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完作业后,他出去了。
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
典型例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断,分词的动作(接信)发生在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词,故选C.该句可理解为:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
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