1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末。例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
Its a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that 有必要
It is important that 重要的是
It is obvious that 很明显
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that 人们相信
It is known to all that 从所周知
It has been decided that 已决定
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that 是常识
It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是
It is a fact that 事实是
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that 似乎
It happens that 碰巧
It occurred to me that 我突然想起
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