冠词(二)
定冠词基本用法:
1)特指某人、某事
Wellington is the capital of New Zealand. 惠灵顿是新西兰的首都。
This is the classroom where we often attend lectures. 这是我们常上课的教室。
Where are the other students? 其他学生在哪儿?
This is the head of our delegation.这是我们代表团团长。
2)指世上独一无二的事物
We have friends all over the world .我们的朋友遍天下。
The moon goes around the earth .月亮绕着地球转。
The sun is rising in the east .太阳在东方冉冉升起。
They have launched several satellites into the outer space .他们已向外层空间发射了几颗人造卫星。
3)重提前文中提到过的人或事物(即文中第二次出现的人或事物)
He, suddenly, saw an isolated house at the foot of the mountain. And curiosity made him approaching the house. 他突然看到山脚下有一栋孤独的房子;好奇心驱使他向那栋房子走了过去。
Last weekend, I met a girl at the party given by my friend. And the girl happens to be one of my former schoolmates. 上周末,我在朋友举行的聚会上遇到了一位女孩;那位女孩碰巧是我的一个老同学。
4)说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物
Be sure to bring me the book when you come next time.
你下次来一定要将那本带给我。
-Where to go Jack ? -To the library.
杰克,你去哪里?-去图书馆。
-Do you know where the dictionary is ?
你知道那本词典在哪儿吗?
-It's on the desk by the computer.
在电脑旁边的书桌上。
5)用于序数词、形容词的最高级形式、和表示方位的名词前
Thanksgiving Day is on the 4th Thursday in November. 感恩节在每年十一月的第四个星期四。
Changjiang is the longest river in China. 长江是中国最长的河流。
Japan lies to the east of China .日本位于中国的东面。
He is one the most famous football stars in the world. 他是世界最著名的足球明星之一。
6)间或用于单数的可数名词前表示泛指
The compass was invented in China.指南针是中国发明的。
The horse is a useful animal .马是有用的动物。
The tiger is in danger of extinct .老虎有绝种的危险。
The monkey is a clever animal. 猴是一种聪明的动物。
注:这种泛指是从整个属类的意义上说,而不是用一个人或物来说明整个属类的 特点。也就是说,属前者情况时加用定冠词表示泛指,属后者情况时则加不定冠词表示泛指。
7)用于某些由普通名构成的专有名词前
the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国
the United States of America 美利坚合众国
the Ming Dynasty 明朝 the Great Wall长城
the Great Cultural Revolution文化大革命
8)用于某些词组中。这种用法是约定束成的,我们只有遵从而无旁的选择。
in the morning ( afternoon , evening )上午(下午,晚上)
go to the cinema 看电影 on the whole总体上
to the best of就所及 the sane as 和一样
out of the question不可能的 on the one hand一方面
on the other hand 另一方面 on the average一般说来
on the contrary相反地 in the least 一点,丝毫
in the long run从长远来看 in the event of 万一
in the final analysis归根结底
9)定冠词+形容词使形容词名词化
We always stand for the oppressed and the exploited. 我们永远支持受压迫、受剥削的人们。
The aged are well taken care of in the community. 在这个社区,老人得到了很好的照顾。
She was fond of writing about the unusual. 她喜欢写一些古怪的题材。
The school for the deaf and the blind is just newly built. 那所聋哑人学校是刚刚新建的。
零冠词(即:不用任何冠词)的使用情况
1)复数可数名词前不用任何冠词,表示泛指。
Horses are useful animals .马是有用的动物。
Children are often curious about things around them. 孩子常对他们周围的事物很好奇。
2)不可数名词前不用任何冠词,表示泛指。
Water is colorless .水是无色的。
Iron is one of the most useful metals . 铁是最有用的金属之一。
The world is made of matter .世界是由物质构成的。
People can't live without air .没有空气,人就无法生存。
3)呼语或表示头衔的名词前不用任何冠词
Professor Li just came back from New Zealand . 李教授刚从新西兰回来。
Mr. Rieder likes tennis .里德先生喜欢打网球。
Doctor Smith sent me a birthday present yesterday .
史密斯博士昨天送给我一份生日礼物。
4)含有day的节日名词前不用任何冠词
New Year's Day 元旦 Women's Day 妇女节 Youth Day 青年节
May Day 五一劳动节 Children's Day 儿童节 Mother's Day母亲节
Father's Day父亲节 Teachers' Day教师节 National Day 国庆节
5)球类运动、棋类游戏或表示三餐饭的名词前不用任何冠词
He likes playing basketball and football. 他喜欢打篮球、踢足球。
We are invited to dinner in her family this evening.
我们今晚应邀去她的家吃饭。
6)专有名词前不用任何冠词
Zhengzheng was promoted to professor in 1997. 郑征于己于1997年晋升为教授。
Xiong Dunli is the director of the foreign languages department. 熊敦礼是外语系主任。
7)表示季节,月份或星期的名词前不用任何冠词
Milk is liable to go bad in summer.牛奶在夏季易变质.。
She was born on October 29th .她生于十月二十九日。
We have our lectures everyday except Thursday 除了星期四我们每天都有课。
8)前面已有人称代词、指示代词或不定代词作定语的名词前不用任何冠词
My house is much bigger than his. 我家的房子比他的大多了。
This garden is newly built .这座花园是新建的。
Each member in our department has a computer. 我们系人手一部计算机。
9)某些习语或固定词组中的名词前不用任何冠词这种用法是约定束成的,我们只有遵从而无旁的选择。
go to school上学 at school在学校 after school 放学后 go to bed 睡觉
in bed在床上 day by day日复一日 by way of 途经 by chance 意外地
by nature天生地 by mistake 无意地板 for instance 例如 for example例如
from time to time不时地 in case 以防万一 in fact 事实上
in memory of为纪念 keep pace with 跟上步伐
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