透视吊尾介词用法
请看下面的选择题:
After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand ____________.
A. by B. on
C. up D. with
析:不定式 to stand + 介词作定语,修饰 a tall box ,其中被修饰词在逻辑意义上是不及物动词 stand 发生的平面,故正确的选项为 B .这种出现在一个句子或短语结尾的介词称为吊尾介词。吊尾介词的使用易受汉语表达的影响,考生对此不可掉以轻心。
吊尾介词的用法如下:
1. 定语从句中,先行词被一个不及物动词修饰,则不及物动词后要带介词。先行词被动词 + 介词组成的短语动词所修饰,介词常在句尾。例如:
He is the very man I just speak to. 他就是刚刚对我说话的那个人。
This is the life he is used to. 这是他习惯过的生活。
2. 以 what, whose, who, whatever 等词引导的宾语从句、表语从句中常出现吊尾介词。例如:
I can't imagine what it is like. 我不能想像它是什么样。
I don't know what you do it for. 我不知道你为什么做它。
3. 强调句型和特殊疑问句中,由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更,常出现吊尾介词。
It is Comrade Lei Feng that (who) we are learning from. 我们正在学习的是雷锋同志。
It was the poor boy that we gave the books to. 我们把书给的是家境不好的男生。
在上下文意义清楚时,特殊疑问句常用简略结构。例如:
What for? Where to? Who with?
4. 不及物动词的不定式修饰表涉及对象、场所、工具、手段、方式、材料等意义的名词时常带吊尾介词。例如:
a room to live in 居住的房间
He is a good comrade to work with. 他是可以共事的好同志。
5. 某些形容词后接不及物动词 + 介词型短语动词用不定式表示反射,常用吊尾介词。
① fit, easy, hard, good, difficult, comfortable, heavy 等形容词后。
The river is good to swim in. 在这条河里面游泳很好。
The room is comfortable to live in. 这房间住着很舒服。
② be worth doing, be worthy of being done / to be done, want (require, need) doing 等后常用吊尾介词。例如:
The problem is worth dealing with. 这个问题值得处理。
The lost watch is not worth looking for. 那块丢失的表不值得找。
6. 被动语态中动词 + 介词型短语动词常用吊尾介词。例如:
He was listened to come here. 听到他来这儿了。
He has never been spoken to in this way. 别人从来没有以这种方式和他说过话。
下一篇: 高中英语语法-浅谈“倍数”的表达法之一
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