下面A和B中的现在分词结构主要用于书面英语。
A 如主语同时做出两个动作时,通常其中的一个动作可以由现在分词来表示,这时分词既可以放在动词不定式之前,也可以放在之后:
He rode away.He whistled as he went.
他骑马走了。他一边走一边吹着口哨。相当于:
He rode away whistling.
他吹着口哨骑马走了。
He holds the rope with one hand and stretches out the other to the boy inthe water.相当于:
Holding the rope with one hand,he stretches
他一只手拉着绳子,把另一只手伸给水中的男孩。
B 如主语所做的一个动作紧接着所做的另一个动作,第一个动作常常用现在分词来表示,而且分词必须放在前面:
He opened the drawer and took out a revolver.相当于:
Opening the drawer he took out a revolver.
他打开抽屉,拿出了一把左轮手枪。
She raised the trapdoor and pointed to a flight of steps.相当于:
Raising the trapdoor she pointed to a flight of steps.
她把翻板活门拉开,指着一段台阶。
We take off our shoes and creep cautiously along the passage.相当于:
Taking off our shoes we creep cautiously along the passage.
我们脱了鞋,小心地、偷偷地沿着走廊走过去.
这里好像用现在分词的完成式更合乎逻辑,如Having opened,Having raised,Having taken off等。但除了使用现在分词的一般式可能使意思含混不清的时候以外,不必要使用完成式。
举一个必须使用分词完成式的例子:Eating his dinner herushed out of the house会给人这样一种印象,好像他手里还拿着菜盘子就走出了房子。因此,这里最好用 Having eaten hisdinner形式。
C 第二个动作构成第一个动作的一部分时或第二个动作是第一个动作的结果时,可以用现在分词表示第二个动作:
She went out,slamming the door.
她出去后,砰地关上门。
He fired,wounding one of the bandits.
他开了枪,打伤了其中一个匪徒。
I fell,striking my head against the door and cutting it.
我摔了个跟头,头撞在了门上,划了个口子。(这个句子中有三个动作,后面的两个动作是用分词来表示的。)
这样使用的现在分词的主语并不一定要同前面的动词的主语相同。它可以有自己的主语:
The plane crashed,its bombs exploding at it hit the ground.
飞机坠毁了,它携带的炸弹在它触地的同时爆炸了。
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