在上篇文章中,我们把四选一题目按照考查内容进行了分类,明确了有些题目是考作者的用词来推敲其意图,有些题目是考同义转换,而有些题目则是按照高频词汇和概括性词汇来选择。那么,这类题型的选项又有什么难点呢?专家分析认为,四选一题型选项的难点主要存在于干扰项上,所谓的干扰项就是看起来跟真正答案很相似,用来迷惑考生的判断力的选项。我们按照干扰项的迷惑性由强到弱,分为重要干扰项、错误干扰项和未提及干扰项。
一、 多选题目的重要干扰项
重要干扰项就是指,这种选项虽然不是正确答案,却与原文不冲突,它们与正确答案看起来比较相似,只不过不如正确答案更准确、更完整或更严谨。我们看下面的例子:
In Tarkovskys opinion, the attraction of the cinema is that it
A aims to impress its audience.
B tells stories better than books.
C illustrates the passing of time.
D describes familiar events.
我们可以定位到原文的C段和D段,C段提到:The frightened audience could not accept that they were watching a mere picture. Pictures were still, only reality moved; this must, therefore, be reality. In their confusion, they feared that a real train was about to crush them. 这一段文字表达了观众当时的反应,观众们很难接受自己看到的是图画而不是事实。D段提到:The key to that magic was the way in which cinema created a dynamic image of the real flow of events. A still picture could only imply the existence of time, while time in a novel passed at the whim of the reader. But in cinema, the real, objective flow of time was captured. 这段文字描述了电影创造了事件随时间的发展演变,并且用picture和novel进行类比,强调电影的魔力是让人清楚地看到事情流畅地随时间演变。
根据这两段文字所表达的意思,很多学生会选择A或B选项,因为原文提及了观众、小说的内容。A和B两个选项与原文所讲的内容并不是矛盾或完全不符合的。因此,这两个选项就干扰了我们正确的选择。当我们把这两段文字仔细推敲之后,发现描述观众的反应和对比书和电影的区别,都是为了表达电影的魔力在于表达事件随时间的发展这一主题含义。C项的含义比AB要更准确,因此答案选择C项。
二、 多选题目的错误干扰项
相比之下,多选题目的错误干扰项就较容易识别出来了。我们可以看到,有些题目中,某个选项与原文是直接矛盾的,那么肯定不会选择它为正确的答案。比如:
A recent survey found that in British secondary schools,
A there was more bullying than had previously been the case.
B there was less bullying than in primary schools.
C cases of persistent bullying were very common.
D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.
我们看到原文,其中有一句话是:There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying. 通过这句话,我们可以明显地判断出,C项的含义与原文是矛盾的。very common和one in twenty-five的比例是明显不符的。因此,C选项就是一个错误的干扰项,我们可以确定地排除答案是C项的可能性。
三、 多选题目的未提及干扰项
有的干扰项在原文中并不存在,或者说根据原文无法判断这个选项是否正确,这种就是原文未提及的干扰项。此类干扰项难度也不大,但是却是考查四选一时最常出现的、数量最多的干扰项。这种题的考查形式类似于T/F/NG判断题中,NOT GIVEN的考查点。也就是说,选项提到的所谓的事实、实验结果、某人的观点等内容是原文没有涉及的或是我们无法根据原文提及的点来清楚判断的。这种选项当然不是正确答案,像我们上文提到的第一个例子中的D选项和第二个例子中的A/D选项,都是典型的未提及的干扰项。这种选项虽然干扰性很弱,容易被大家排除,但是,也是耗费我们做题时间的地方。我们需要逐个对比原文,判断每个选项是否是我们需要的、符合题干的选项,这里面就夹杂了未提及干扰项。若是某个选项涉及的内容没有被我们找到,而我们误判这个选项为未提及干扰项,也会导致错误。因此专家提醒考生们在将选项与原文对比的过程必须要谨慎,如果由于忽略了原文的线索,将正确答案误判为未提及干扰项,那么未提及干扰项反而成了最难的考点。
总之,我们在做题时,要逐一将选择题的选项与原文进行对照,排除掉与原文相矛盾的选项和原文未提及的选项,找出正确的答案,这样才能够提升四选一题型的正确率。按照通常的考题干扰项比率,在四个选项中,除去正确答案,剩余的三个选项是错误干扰项和未提及干扰项的比率为1:2,因此,大家在做题时,在找到正确答案之前,任何一个选项都不能忽略,必须有明确的依据和肯定的判断才可以得到较高的正确率。
上一篇: 快速提升雅思阅读成绩的小方法
下一篇: 雅思阅读模拟试题(十五)(附答案)
体坛英语资讯:Leipzig beat Augsburg 2-1 in the German Cup
国内英语资讯:Xi receives Crown Order from Tajik President Rahmon
星巴克又有重大表态,男女工资必须一样
女顾客穿10万美金衣服去H&M购物,竟毫无违和感
体坛英语资讯:Belgium lead in FIFA rankings
体坛英语资讯:85.33% cities held marathons last year in China
国内英语资讯:Senior CPC officials meet with Singaporean deputy PM
工作996生病ICU 互联网公司加班成行规惹争议
体坛英语资讯:Commentary: Five reasons why Bayern Munich will beat Dortmund
国际英语资讯:Estonia, Denmark to strengthen bilateral ties
国内英语资讯:Rare seals released to sea in NE China
国际英语资讯:Trump says 3rd meeting with DPRKs Kim possible
国际英语资讯:Palestinian president says not to join U.S.-sponsored economic workshop in Bahrain
特朗普:美国要对110亿美元欧盟产品加征关税
体坛英语资讯:World No. 1 Osakas French Open trip concluded in third round
体坛英语资讯:Tigre win Argentinas Superliga Cup
特朗普女儿伊万卡想打女权牌,结果玩脱了反被狂骂
体坛英语资讯:Ghana Black Queens captain Elizabeth Addo joins Jiangsu Suning
国内英语资讯:Chinas research vessel finishes investigation of seamounts in Western Pacific
国际英语资讯:German industry welcomes Brexit delay but warns against complacency
再见北上广!2019年大学生就业报告发布,毕业生正流向二线城市
国内英语资讯:Chinese envoy calls for efforts to boost womens participation in peacekeeping
国际英语资讯:Romania strengthens position as Moldovas top trading partner
国内英语资讯:Chinese vice premier meets former U.S. treasury secretary Henry Paulson
体坛英语资讯:Barbosa fires Flamengo to second place
国际英语资讯:Spotlight: Indian PM Modi seeks 2nd term but faces fierce competition
体坛英语资讯:Half a million fans to give Champions League winners a heroes welcome Sunday
体坛英语资讯:Warriors star Durant expected to return midway through Finals
特朗普:不会恢复在墨西哥边境分离移民家庭的政策
2019年6月英语六级作文答案:试卷三学习动力