考点词的类型及判断技巧
1. 反义考点词
如果一个重心部位的词有反义词,那么很有可能这个词就是考点词,需要去判断。比如:
例1 Q: Environmentalists take a pessimistic view of the world for a number of reasons。
原文:For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse.
在这个例子中,形容词pessimistic因为有反义词optimistic,故这个词就是本题的考点词。与原文相对照,发现pessimistic对应的词是seems to be getting worse,与原文一致,因此答案选YES。
例2 Q: Current thinking on humour has largely ignored Aristotles view on the subject。
原文:But most modern humour theorists have settled on some version of Aristotles belief that
在本题中,考点词是位于重心部位的谓语动词ignore,因为其有反义词didnt ignore。正好与原文中的settle on相对应,故此题选FALSE。
2. 数字数量考点词
数字数量往往是作者想要强调的重点,因此也常常成为考点。但是有一点要提醒考生注意的是,数字考点不是单独存在的,往往是要和其修饰的名词合在一起构成考点词的。我们来看以下例题:
例3 Q: The 1990 survey related to 550,000 consultations with alternative therapies。
原文:The 550,000 consultations with alternative therapies
本题答案YES,非常容易判断,因为考点词是550,000,正好在原文中也出现了。但是要提醒考生的是,这道题目并不是仅仅根据两个数字对应就做出来的,数字修饰的概念 consultations with alternative therapies 同时也是考点词,只不过这里恰好一致罢了。
例4 Q: The 1993 Sydney survey involved 289 patients who visited alternative therapists for acupuncture treatments。
原文:Dr Laver and his colleagues published a survey of 289 Sydney people who attended eight alternative therapies practices in Sydney. These practices offered a wide range of alternative therapies from 25 therapists.
这道题目很容易选成YES,因为289在原文中和题目中都出现了。但是需要提醒考生的是,不能光看数字考点,还要看一下数字修饰的概念是否一致。在本题中,题目中289人的概念是参加针灸疗法的病人,而原文中的是各种各样的疗法,因为可以肯定289人不是都参加针灸疗法的,因为即便其中包括针灸,289个病人一定还有参加其它疗法的。故本题选NO。
3. 绝对考点词
绝对考点词指的是all, must, every等语气绝对的限定词。这类考点往往因为与原文中所述事实矛盾而选FALSE/NO的答案。但是也有很多例外,考生不应不看原文就直接选出答案。
例5 Q: The ISTP study examined public and private systems in every city of the world。
原文:The study compared the proportion of wealth poured into transport by thirty-seven cities around the world。
很显然,这道题目的考点词every出错了,因为原文中只讲有37个城市。
例6 All cultures have been able to express large numbers clearly。
原文:The lack of ability of some cultures to deal with large numbers is not really surprising.
题目中所是所有的文化都能表达大的数字,但是原文中却说一些文化缺乏处理大的数字。故答案选FALSE。
也有很多例外:
例7 Only two Japanese pagodas have collapsed in 1400 years。
原文:Records show that only two have collapsed during the past 1400 years.
这题虽然题目是绝对考点词,但是因为原文中也用了一样的绝对考点词,故答案选YES。
4. 比较考点词
比较考点词指的是在A is than B或者A is as as B中用于比较的形容词或者副词。这类题型在雅思阅读中比较常见。通常有以下几种情况:
a. A和B有一方在原文中没有出现,答案选NOT GIVEN。
b. A和B都在原文中出现,但并未出现比较,答案选NOT GIVEN。
c. A和B都在原文中出现,且出现比较,但比较的内容不一致,答案选NOT GIVEN。
d. 如果A和B都在原文中出现,而且比较内容相同,则根据方向来判断答案选YES或者NO。
我们来看以下例题:
例8 Q: Early peoples found it easier to count by using fingers rather than a group of pebbles.
原文: because it is possible to count by matching the items being counted against a group of pebbles, grains of corn, or the counters fingers。
在本例中,题目把finger和pebble进行了比较,但是原文中者两个词是并列关系,根本没有进行比较,因此答案选NOT GIVEN。
例9 Q: Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests destruction。
原文1:More girls than boys raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats。
原文 2:More girls than boys said that rainforests provided human habitats。
在这道题目中,比较考点词是more likely to hold mistaken views,原文中虽然也出现了比较,但是比较的内容与题目完全不同,因此答案选NOT GIVEN。
此外,如果一道题目没有出现明显的考点词,或者题目的重心位置中出现some, may, likely, not al l等语气保守的词的时候,这道题目选FALSE/ NO的概率就很小,选TURE/YES的概率相对较大。
例10 Q: Not all of the assistants survived to see the publication of the Dictionary。
原文:He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst the Dictionary was still in preparation。
题目中没有明显的考点词,但是not all这个词语气非常保守,正好对应的原文中的two of whom died,因此答案选YES。
例11 Q: Some peoples with simple number systems use body language to prevent misunderstanding of expression of number。
原文:But in real situations the number and words are often accompanied by gestures to help resolve any confusion。
本题同样没有明显的考点词,但是some 这个词语气保守,与原文中的often正好对应,故选TRUE。
判断题可以说是雅思阅读中中国学生最头疼的题型,因为中国人一贯的做题逻辑与雅思考官的命题思路往往大相径庭。但是经过大量的分析我们发现,一旦通过大量的实践熟悉了雅思判断题的题型,明白了判断题的类别和做题方法,考生做题的正确率将会有一个很大的提高。
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