雅思阅读长难句100句及翻译(5)

　　81. Not only are liver transplants never rejected，but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin,from that donor are accepted permanently. 但是，我们已经发现，在许多种老鼠之间，这些移植法的常规并没有被肝脏移植物所遵循。肝脏移植物非但从没遭到过排斥，甚至还诱发了一种供者特异性无应答状态（donor-specific unresponsiveness），在此状态中，随后来自那个供者其它器官的移植物，如皮肤，会永久地被接受。

　　82. As rock interface are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments. 当岩石界面被穿过的时候，震波所遇到的弹性性质通常会发生突然的变化，这就使得一部分能量被反射回地面，在地面反射回来的波被震波纪录仪记录下来。

　　83. While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct，the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed，showing，for instance，that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles,and throwing the date once more into utter confusion. 数据资料已被统计出来，或被重新统计出来，以便证明在文体学这方面，《乞援衰女》实际上确实在《波斯人》和《七雄攻忒拜》（后两者现在则变成了原始的剧作）之后以及在轴残片却唤起了一种幽灵似的疑虑，即另一块残片有可能再度被挖掘出来，并证明，比如说，《乞援衰女》是作者藉以击败索福克勒斯的《达那特四部曲》的一部死后出版之作，从而将创作年代再度置于极度的混乱之中. 注：best:击败,=defeat, overcome, outdo

　　84. The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential. 一个社会所创造出来藉以使其自身生生不息、恒久不衰的方法得以形成产生，以保存在这个社会看来具有本质意义的文化遗产的各个方面。

　　85. Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used. 传统上，风媒传粉被看成是这样的繁殖过程：其特征就是由一些随即事件的发生，在这些随机事件里，风的反复无常被大量的产生花粉所补偿，以至于新种子的最终产生被保证了，其代价是产生远远多于实际使用量的花粉。

　　86. Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous，wind pollinated plants have，in the view above，compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects. 由于花粉粒在其长距离的运输过程中所要面临的潜在危险是巨大的，按上述观点来看，由风授粉的植物补偿了通过偶发事件而伴随造成的花粉损失。其途径是，制造出大于昆虫授粉的植物种类所产生的花粉量的一至三个数量级的花粉量。

　　87. For example，the spiral arrangement of scale-bract complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones，where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located，is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cones surfaces，thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next. 例如，带有胚珠的松球的鳞苞综合体的螺旋状安排，亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置，对于气流模式的形成与产生殊为重要，而这些气流模式在松球的表现盘旋上升，从而把在空气中飞行的花粉从一个鳞苞传播至下一个鳞苞。

　　88. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the social, legal, and economic subordination of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of the whole female sex into public industry. FE,却预测妇女们将被从家庭的社会、法律和经济压迫中解放出来，只是通过使得征召整个女性阶层进入公共的工业中去成为可能的技术进步的方式做到的。

　　89. It was not the change in office technology,but rather the separation of secretarial work,previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers，from administrative work that in the 1880s created a new class of dead-end jobs，thenceforth considered womens work. 十九世纪八十年代，产生了新的一类没前途的职业，这并不是因为办公室技术发生了改变，而是由于秘书工作--在此之前被视作是初起步的经理们的一种习见训练--与行政工作的分离。自此以后，这类没前途的职业便被视作是女人的工作。

　　90. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire. 二十世纪已婚妇女在家庭以外就业的人数不断增加，这与家务的机械化及这些妇女闲暇时间的增加并无多大联系，更多地是与妇女自身的经济需要和高婚姻率相关。高婚姻率致使所能雇佣的单身女工的总量缩减，而在此之前的许多情形中，单身女性则是雇主们所愿雇佣的唯一-一类妇女。 The pool of 如果后面跟着一群人，则表示劳动力资源。

　　91. For one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. 请思考:如果文中说这句话的前提是：all population are driven by two categories of growth parameters, one is density-independent factors, and the other is density-independent factors. 那么作者说上面的这句话有什么用意。解释：本句虽然貌不惊人，但本书既然将其收录进来，并标出难度5，就意味着其中有怪异之处。值得一提的是，本文前面曾把控制种群密度的因素分为两种，一种叫做density-dependent factors，另一种叫做dentsity-independent factors。原文的直译虽然好懂，但是总令人感觉说得不甚明白。显然，GRE或GMAT的作者不可能随便说一句无关痛痒的话，那么没有任何种群能够在所有的时间全被d-I因素所控制，其真正意思是什么呢？就是：一切种群都必然在某个时间内受到d-d因素的控制。本句是ETS在考试中惯用的正话反说的典型例子，请读者深沉体会。本句在文章中也是理解作者态度的关键所在。

　　92. In order to understand the nature of the ecologists investigation，we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the signal ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret，one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones，while the density-independent effects act to produce noise in the population dynamics. 为了能理解生态学家们所从事的研究的性质，我们可以把那些作用于增长参数的密度依赖效应视作生态学家们力图将其分离并予以解释的信号，正是这一信号倾向于使种群从相对较低的数值递增，或从相对较高的数值递减；而与此同时，那些密度独立效应起到的作用则构成了种群动态变化中的噪音。

　　93. But the plays complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible is no more contradictory than Du Bois famous，well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness coexisting with human unity，or Fanons emphasis on an ideal internationalism that also accommodates national identities and roles. 但该剧有关黑人自尊可与人类团结相融合这一复杂观点，丝毫都不比杜波伊斯（Du Bois）的理想或法侬（Fanon）的强调来得更为矛盾：杜波伊斯提出的著名的、深思熟虑的理想是，民族的自觉可以和人类大同共存；法侬则对理想的国际主义进行了强调，而这一理想的国际主义同样也能兼容民族身份与角色。

　　94. In which of the following does the author of the passage reinforce his criticism of responses such as Isaacs to Raisin in the Sun? 在以下哪一个选项中，文章的作者加强了她对类似这样的对于《》做出的反应的批判呢？

　　95. Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker，these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation. 作为二十世纪早期进步派史学家（如Beard和Becker）等人某些观点的继承者，这些近期的史学家所提出的观点值得我们予以评价。

　　96. Despite these vague categories，one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. 尽管存在这些模糊范畴，但我们不应该断然声称，在各个易于辨认出的阶层之间所存在的敌对态度就无法被合理地观察到。

　　97. Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it. 然而，有些史学家强调在殖民者之间曾出现过一种普遍的一致意见。这些史学家如果不认识到各种矛盾的存在，就无法充分地理解这种一致意见，而所有那些矛盾只有在被克服或压制之后才有可能获得那种一致意见。 It 指代：general consensus

　　98. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding socioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes during the American Revolutionary War？ 从文章中可以推断出来，作者最有可能同意以下哪一个关于在美国革命战争中的社会经济各阶层及其对叛党和保王党的支持的陈述？

　　99. She wished to discard the traditional methods and established vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet and to explore the internal sources of human expressiveness. 她希望抛弃传统的方法和像芭蕾舞这样已经确立的舞蹈语言，而希望探索人类表现力的内在源泉。

　　100. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted，only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. 尽管有可能从实际制造的商品和服务中可推知制造商和服务业认为他们的顾客所需要的是什么，但只有对由实际顾客撰写的相关的个人文件进行一番研究，方能提供一幅精确的图画，藉以说明什么样的人需要什么样的东西。