一、全文or局部?
虽然今年来以单个段落或相邻段落组为考察对象的Summary比较常见,相对与前两点来说,Summary在这一特征上并没有明显的一边倒。所以,也就有了培训界所谓的全文摘要/局部摘要一说。
当然,正如前文所提到的,全文摘要和局部摘要会影响到该题型的主旨/细节特征具体表现,不过它更直接的作用在于考生对题目的定位上。很显然,全文摘要虽然更能体现出主旨性,但所需阅读的篇幅更大;而局部摘要则需要首先在确定题目从哪个段落开始,而后由于压缩空间的有限考点倒相对集中。
在后文中,我们将对Summary题型的定位作专题讲述,这里暂且不表。
在熟悉了解了Summary题型的特征基础上,我们接下来通过具体的例子展示Summary的几种不同形式,以帮助考生更好地进行题型识别从而随后采取有针对性的解题方法。
Summary题目的题型识别
一、标准型的Summary
标准的Summary是由完整,连续的句子构成的段落或段落组,通过句子填空的方式对阅读能力进行考察的一类题型的总称。如果用公式简化,就是
Summary=Paragraph + Blanks
NB 如果是由完整但是孤立的一个个单独的句子构成的一组填空题,就不是Summary而是Sentence Completion。连贯的句流是Summary的重要外在特征。对这一点的不明确,是网上大量考试回忆中Completion(或填空)题型大量泛滥的最主要原因。需要注意的是,即使句子不完整,或者是不连续的多个句子,但如果不完整/不连续的句子间具有一定组合规则(如Notes Completion)那么这种填空题可以看成是Summary的特殊情形,即其变体。
1.原词
标准Summary存在两种填充答案的形式,分别为原词和选词两种。当instructions中使用 from the passage字眼是,即是原词形式的Summary。这时,所有填写在留空中的单词都必须在文中出现,而且不允许有任何词形变化,用官方的话来说,就是必须directly来自文章。刚才上例就是如此(注意下划线部分)。
请看剑4 Test 3的一个例子。
Questions 37-40
Complete the summary of paragraph G below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
A linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on 37 ______. Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a 38_______. The length of time the process takes will affect the
39_______ of the corpus. No corpus can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the 40________of those who speak the language concerned.
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