虽然不是每一个单词都可以通过构词法解决掉,但是了解一些最常用的前缀,词根和后缀,并在背单词的过程中多思考,多练习,无疑在阅读过程中对生词就不抵触,可以使自己如虎添翼。先来测试一下自己的单词量吧。这里有10个单词,都是雅思阅读中的核心词汇,看看你认识几个:轻松说对6个的为达标,能说对8个的就视为优秀,当然10个全答对的同学自然很了不起。但是如果不达标的同学,也不用着急,在看完了我为你们准备的构词法核心表格之后,就可以轻松认知这下面的单词啦。
collaborate/chronic/dictate/recall/incurable
retrospect/anonymous/bilingual/thermometer/misbehave
必备知识1:前缀变词意,后缀变词性
在背记单词的时候,我们要了解到,一个单词的前缀决定这个单词词意,比如like和dislike,后缀决定这个单词的词性,比如understand和understandable在雅思阅读中,很多时候考点词我们并不认识,但是可以通过前缀来辨别单词是否一致,或者抵触。;后缀我们可以判别单词的词性,利用最基本的知识:副词修饰动词和形容词,形容词修饰名词,我们在做填空题的时候不难利用横线前面单词的词性来推测出横线里面要填的单词的词性,从而在原文中缩小范围。比如:as a result of geographical_______ 我们知道后缀为-al的形容词后缀,因此横线中要填的一定为名词,那么名词的后缀又有-tion,-ity,-ness。答案从形式上先确定了,找起来就特别容易。说了这么多,让我们来看看下面这个单词:inescapable,是由前缀表相反的in-以及形容词后缀-able构成,中间余下的部分escap很容易看出是escape逃离的变体,所以这个单词是形容词,释义为不可逃避的,不可逃离的。
必备知识2:一些必要的后缀
n.代表名词 v.代表动词 adj.代表形容词 adv.代表副词
必备知识3:一些必要的前缀
a-,an-:without, lacking, not,atypical,apolitical
ab-:away from,abnormal, abuse
bene-:good,benefit, benefactor
bi-:two,bicycle, bilingual, bilinguist
circum-:around,circumstance
com-,con-,col-, cor-,co-:together,with,cooperate,collaborate
contra-:anti,against,contradict, by contrast,anti-war
de-:down from,away,descend, dehydrate,deforestation
dia-:through,across,diameter
hyper-:above,beyond,excessive,hypermarket,hypersensitive
hypo-:under,beneath,down,hypothesis
in-,im-,il-,ir-:in,into,on,inject,insert,inspect
in-,im-,il-,ir-:in,not,irregular,illegal
inter-:between,international,interview,interrupt
intro-,intra-:within,introduce
micro-:small,microwave,Microsoft
mis-:wrong,misunderstand,misconception
dis-:not,opposite,disconnect,disable,disagree
non-:not,nonessential,nonsense
un-:not,unavailable,unknown,undeniable
mono-:one,alone,monologue,monopoly
multi-:many,multiple choice,multimedia,multitude
peri-:around,perimeter
poly-:many,polytechnic school
post-:after,postgraduate,postpone=delay
pre-:before,predict
re-,retro-:back,again,replay,retrospect
semi-:half,partly,semiprivate,semi-detached
sub-,suc-,suf-,sug,sup-,sus-:under,subway
super-:above,greater,better superman
syn-, sym-, syl-:with,together,sympathy
trans- :across,transport,transmit
tri-:three,triangle, tripod
ultra-:beyond,excessive,extreme ultra-sound
uni-:one,universe
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