一、 关系词的定义和分类
关系词,即体现句子之间关系的词或词组。也有不少人称之为信号词,或者是连接词。不管在雅思听说读写四门中的任何一门都需要用到这类词,以使得句子更加流畅,句意更加明晰。分析认为,关系词可非分两大类:
1. 同向关系词
同向关系词,即用上此类词或词组,句子内部或句子间的方向没有发生改变,只是根据前面的句意进一步延伸和细化。将其归纳为:
举例关系词:for example, for instance, e.g., such as, like, take sth. for example
类比关系词:like, alike, similar, same, as
选择,并列和递进关系词:or, eitheror, and, as well, also, besides, apart from, in addition, whats more, furthermore, moreover
因果关系词:
表示由引起的,后接原因的词或词组:because,because of, as a result of, as a consequence of, due to, result from, be attributed to, be contributed to, arise from, owing to, thanks to, in that
表示导致,后接结果的词或者词组: so, therefore, thus, as a result, as a consequence, lead to, result in, attribute to, contribute to, give rise to, bring about, generate
总结关系词:in conclusion, to conclude, to sum up, in sum, all in all, in brief
2. 逆向关系词:
逆向关系词,即用上此类词或词组,句子内部或句子间的方向发生改变,前后句子意思形成相反关系。总结发现,这类词包含:
否定关系词:not, none, no, never, non-, dis-, un-, in-, im-, -less, few, little, hardly, barely, seldom, neithernor
转折和让步关系词:but, however, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, in fact, actually, despite, in spite of, although, even though, though
对比关系词:unlike,by contrast, in contrast, on the contrary, conversely
二、 关系词在雅思听力中的使用
在雅思听力考试中,不管是在审题还是在听题过程中,我们都需要利用到关系词,以协助判断答案的形式及正确程度。下面我们通过真题来见证关系词的重要作用:
真题重现:
并列关系词: Cambridge 4 Test 1 Section 1
Visit places which have:
historical interest
good 1 。
2
本题中,虽然没有明显的并列关系词,但是有很明显的并列格式。在看题的时候,我们只要注意到第1题与上行的historical interest是并列关系,中间一般会有并列关系词 and, as well, also, besides之类的词汇出现;而第2题与第1题也是一样的情况。那么,在听题的时候,我们排除干扰,撇开因果,修饰之类的成分,在historical interest出现之处,认真听并列关系的内容就可以很轻易地抓到答案了。
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