自负盈亏的民营银行已经出炉,利率市朝进程基本完成,存款保险条例已然揭晓,国内金融机构破产法律机制的构建逐渐在夯实。中国银监会主席尚福林刊文,详述“十三五时期银行业的改革发展方向。
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China will promote normalization and standardization of the financial market exit mechanism and the upcoming legal system will be in line with China's conditions, Shang Fulin, chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, said in a recent article to the fortnightly China Finance.
中国银监会主席尚福林近期在《中国金融》杂志上发表的文章上表示,我国将推进金融市场退出机制的常态化和,规范化,建立适合我国国情的法律体系。
尚福林表示,很快银行将可以合法地申请破产保护(bankruptcy protection),目前国内金融机构破产法律机制的框架(legal framework for the system)正在酝酿中,将在未来五年内出台。
Wu Qing, deputy director of banking research at the Development Research Center of the State Council, said: "Restructuring, mergers and acquisitions are likely to become the major choices for unhealthy banks to exit from the financial market."
国务院发展研究中心金融研究所副主任吴庆表示:经营不善的银行将主要通过重组、合营、并购等方式退出金融市场。
破产当然也是退出方式的一种,但不会是首选模式,因为一旦破产银行进入清算程序(liquidation procedure),金融服务停摆将带来巨大损失(huge losses)。
其实,我国历史上已出现过海南发展银行、广东国际信托等金融机构(financial institutions)破产事件,但因缺乏系统化破产法律制度,往往导致清理整顿工作进展缓慢。
之所以金融机构破产体系的建立如此急迫,主要在于酝酿了近20年的存款保险机制(deposit insurance system)破茧而出,于去年5月1日起正式实施(officially put into effect),意味着国内银行业没有破产压力的日子即将结束。标准普尔评级机构的一份报告预测,自2014年以来中国政策制定者已推出各类刺激政策(stimulus policies),以支持经济增长(economic growth),并分担银行业的部分负担。但鉴于政府政策措施的信用影响,以及银行自身的信用状况,规模较小的银行可能面临倒闭风险。
目前,我国金融机构的破产法律体系,主要由企业破产法(the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law)、银行业监督管理法、商业银行法(the Law on Commercial Banks)、证券法、保险法及相关法规、规章中的法律规范组成。
中银监主席尚福林在文中写道,要推动具备条件的民间资本(private sector investment)依法发起设立民营银行,推进新设消费金融公司(consumer financial companies)和金融租赁公司,扩大村镇银行民资股比范围,鼓励民间资本参与高风险银行业机构重组改造。加强统筹协调,改革并完善适应现代金融市场发展的金融监管框架,实现金融风险监管(regulation of financial risks)全覆盖。
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