中国将实行“全面二孩政策”

10月29日闭幕的中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第五次全体会议提出，全面实施一对夫妇可生育两个孩子政策。这是实施了30多年的计划生育政策的重大调整，预示着计划生育政策改革的大幕正式拉开。

Li Shuchun, 4, and his 7-month-old brother Li Shuhan, live in Beijing with their parents who are among the 1.07 million out of 11 million eligible couples applied to have a second child by the end of last year. [Photo by Wang Nina/Provided to chinadaily.com.cn]

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China further relaxed its more than three-decade-old family planning policy, according to a statement issued on Thursday by the Communist Party of China Central Committee. The statement said the country's aging trend would be actively addressed by the universal two-child policy.

29日，中共中央委员会发布公报称，中国将进一步放开实施了30多年的计划生育政策。公报指出，“全面二孩政策将有效应对人口老龄化趋势。

“全面二孩政策(the universal two-child policy)即允许全面实施一对夫妇可生育两个孩子政策。这是继2013年，十八届三中全会决定启动实施“单独二孩政策(two-child fertility policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single-child family)之后的又一次人口政策调整。

20世纪70年代末，中国为减缓人口过快增长(slow the population growth rate)推出了计划生育政策(family planning policy)。30多年后，我国人口发展呈现出重大转折性变化。人口总量增长势头明显减弱，老龄化程度不断加深，人口红利(demographic dividend)逐渐消失。十八届五中全会决定全面实施一对夫妇可生育两个孩子政策，积极开展应对人口老龄化(aging of population)行动，促进人口均衡发展(improve the balanced development of population)。

有一个概念需要注意：“二孩不等于“二胎!

如果你第一胎生的是——

双胞胎 twins

三胞胎 triplets

四胞胎 quadruplets

五胞胎 quintuplets

龙凤胎 pigeon pair

那么你就不符合这个二孩政策了。

为什么全面放开二孩?

单独二孩政策实施后，效果并不尽如人意。截至2014年12月，全国仅有不足100万对单独夫妇提出再生育申请，而此前的官方预计是每年增加200万人左右。

而随着人口总量增长势头明显减弱，我国老龄化程度不断加深，人口红利(demographic dividend)逐渐消失。

所以，全面实施二孩政策，是国家积极开展应对人口老龄化(aging of population)行动，促进人口均衡发展(improve the balanced development of population)的一项举措。

放开二孩有哪些好处?

✓优化人口结构;

Optimize the demographic structure;

✓增加劳动力供给，

increase labor supply;

✓减缓人口老龄化压力;

ease pressure from the ageing population;

✓有利于促进经济持续健康发展。

help improve the health of the economy.

十八届五中全会公报要点：

全面二孩政策

the universal two-child policy

保持经济中高速增长

medium to high economic growth

到2020年国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番

double its 2010 GDP and per capita income of urban and rural residents by 2020

创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念

innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared by all

到2020年，解决区域性整体贫困，全面建成小康社会

by 2020 the country will complete tackling regional poverty to build China into a moderately prosperous society in all aspects

构建科学合理的城市化格局、农业发展格局，开发清洁安全能源

rationalize urban layout and agricultural development, and explore clean, safe energy

坚持开放发展

open development

奉行互利共赢的开放战略

pursue a mutually beneficial, win-win opening-up strategy

构建广泛的利益共同体

build a "broad community of shared interests"