近日,上海一个小区挂满“死人院滚出小区、“反对在居住中心建养老院、“反对侵权等横幅,引发媒体关注。
请看报道:
There have been reports recently that residents of a community in Shanghai opposed the construction of a care home for the elderly near the community, because it might have a negative effect on their house prices. It's a typical social conflict that reflects the "not-in-my-backyard" attitude.
近日,有报道称上海一小区居民反对在小区附近建养老院,因为养老院可能会造成房价下跌。这样的社会冲突属于典型的“邻避效应。
“邻避效应可以用not in my backyard表示,指居民或当地单位因担心建设项目,如垃圾场(waste collection station)、核电厂(nuclear power plant)、殡仪馆(funeral home)等设施,对身体健康、环境质量和资产价值等带来诸多负面影响,从而激发人们的嫌恶情结,滋生“不要建在我家后院的心理,及采取的强烈和坚决的、有时高度情绪化的集体反对甚至抗争行为。
人们了解建设这些公共设施(public facilities)的必要性,但是因为担心污染、威胁健康(health risks)、导致资产减值(asset depreciation)而反对在社区附近建设这些项目。随着经济社会的发展(social and economic development)和权利意识的提升,邻避效应只会越来越严重。这其中有一个利益的博弈和风险分担的问题(conflicts between interests and risks),化解之道就是要保障决策、实施过程的透明公开(make the decision-making and implementation processes fully transparent),利益分配(distribution of interests)的公平与平等(fair and equal)。在颇具争议的公共设施开始建设之前,应该与民众沟通、及时公布信息(the timely release of information),对利益受损的个人(individuals whose interests have been undermined),应该给予适当的补偿(adequate compensation)。
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