一、相同之处
两者均可表示“几乎“差不多,均可修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等,此时两者常可换用。如:
It’s almost [nearly] impossible. 那几乎是不可能的。(修饰形容词)
He almost [nearly] always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到。(修饰副词)
He fell and almost [nearly] broke his leg. 他摔了一跤,险些摔断了腿。(修饰动词)
Almost [Nearly] all the students passed the exam. 差不多所有的学生都通过了考试。(修饰不定代词)
注意:修饰动词时,通常应放在行为动词之前,特殊动词之后(见上例);修饰形容词、副词、名词等时,通常应将其放在被修饰词语之前,否则会造成错误。如:
◎他工作了几乎一整天。
正:He worked almost all day.
误:He almost worked all day.
◎我们当中几乎每一个人都读过这本书。
正:Almost every one of us read the book.
误:Every one of us almost read the book.
二、不同之处
1. almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前,但 nearly 一般不这样用。如:
Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。
Almost no one came to the party. 几乎没有人来参加晚会。
I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她。
但是,两者都可用在否定动词之前。如:
He almost [nearly] didn’t catch the bus. 他差点没赶上公共汽车。
2. nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰,但 almost 之前不能用这些词。如:
It’s not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想象的那么难。
The car is pretty nearly new. 这汽车几乎是全新的。
注:not nearly 意为“远非,very [pretty] nearly 意为“几乎,都是习语。
3. 有时 almost 可表示十分相似(但又不完全相同),此时不用 nearly。如:
I almost wish I’d stayed at home. 我真有点后悔没在家里呆着。
Our cat understands everything — he’s almost human. 我们这只猫什么都懂——快通人性了。
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