Whats in a name

Grooming and personal hygiene have been around for ages. It's hard to imagine a time when people weren't concerned with taking care of their appearance and their bodies. Perhaps these practices started when Adam first took a bath and combed his hair before going on a date with Eve. Or maybe they began when Eve put on some herbal makeup to make herself more beautiful. No matter where they started, grooming and personal hygiene have become an important part of everyone's daily routine.

仪容整洁和个人卫生的讲究已经行之有年了。很难想象一个人们不在乎打理外表和身体清洁的时代。或许这些卫生习惯始于亚当第一次洗澡梳头去赴夏娃的约；也可能始于夏娃第一次搽上青草制的化妆品使自己更美丽。无论是从何时开始的，仪容整洁与个人卫生已经成为每个人生活例行事务中重要的一部份。

You might think that all modern societies would have the same grooming and personal hygiene practices. After all, doesn't everybody take baths？ Most people do recognize the need for hygiene, which is the basis for cleanliness and health-and a good way to keep one's friends. Grooming practices include all the little things people do to make themselves look their best, such as combing their hair and putting on makeup. However, while most modern people agree that these things are important, people in different cultures take care of themselves in different ways.

你可能以为所有现代社会中的仪容整洁与卫生习惯都是一样的。毕竟，不是每一个人天天都要洗澡的吗？大部份人的确肯定卫生的必要性，它是清洁与健康的基础，也是维持友谊的好办法。仪容整洁的工作涵盖了所有可以使人看起来体面的琐碎小事，像是梳头和化妆。虽然大多数的现代人都同意这些事很重要，但不同文化背景的人打理自己的方法也不一样。

There used to be an old joke in America that people should take a bath once a week, whether they need one or not. In fact, though, Americans generally take a bath-or more commonly, a shower-every day. But in contrast to some cultures, most Americans get their shower in the morning, so they can start the day fresh. And instead of going to a beauty parlor for a shampoo, many Americans prefer to wash and style their own hair. So if Americans have a "bad hair day," they have no one to blame but themselves. But most people in America do head for the beauty parlor or barber shop occasionally for a haircut, a perm or just some friendly conversation.

以前在美国有一个老笑话，说不管人们需不需要，他们至少每个礼拜该洗一次澡。不过事实上，美国人每天会洗一次澡，或者更普遍的作法是每天淋浴一次。但是不同于某些文化习惯的是，美国人在清晨淋浴，以使他们展开清新的一天。而且美国人不上美容院去洗头，他们宁可自己洗头和整理发型。所以美国人如果有一天头发很丑，除了怪自己之外就没什么好抱怨的了。然而大部份的美国人偶尔会到美容院或理发厅去，剪头发、烫头发，或是去跟人聊聊天。

Americans are known for having very sensitive noses. In America, "B.O." （body odor） is socially unacceptable. For that reason, Americans consider the use of deodorant or anti-perspirant a must. Ladies often add a touch of perfume for an extra fresh scent. Men may splash on after-shave lotion or manly-smelling cologne. Another cultural no-no in America is bad breath. Americans don't like to smell what other people ate for lunch-especially onions or garlic. Their solution？ Mouthwash, breath mints and even brushing their teeth after meals.

美国人的鼻子是出了名的灵。在美国，体臭在社交上是不被接受的。因此，美国人会认为使用除臭剂或止汗剂是必须的。女士们通常会再抹点香水以增加清香；男士则拍一些刮胡水或是男性古龙水在脸上。在美国文化里的另一项禁忌是口臭。美国人不喜欢闻别人午餐后留在口中的味道——尤其是洋葱或大蒜。他们怎么解决这问题呢？漱口、吃薄荷糖、甚至饭后刷牙。

Some of the cultural variations in grooming practices result from physical differences between races. Whereas many Asian men have little facial hair, Westerners have a lot. As a result, most American men spend some time each day shaving or grooming their facial hair. Beards and mustaches are common sights in America, although their popularity changes from generation to generation. Most American men who wear facial hair try to keep it nicely trimmed. American women, on the other hand, generally prefer not to be hairy at all. Many of them regularly shave their legs and armpits.

有些仪容整洁方面的文化差异是源自于种族间生理条件的不同。亚洲男性面部的胡髭长得并不多，但西方人却长得多，因此美国的男性每天得花些时间去刮除或整理他们的脸毛。在美国，男人在下巴部份或嘴唇上方留胡子是很普通的，不过不同时代胡子受欢迎的样式不相同。在美国大部份留胡子的男性都会试着将胡子修剪整齐，但另一方面，美国女性通常不喜欢毛茸茸的，很多人会定期地刮除腿部和腋下的毛。

Americans put great value on both grooming and personal hygiene. For some people, taking care of themselves has become almost a religion. As the old saying goes, "Cleanliness is next to godliness." Whether or not being clean and well-groomed brings one closer to God, it certainly brings one closer to others. Americans look down on people who don't take care of themselves, or who "let themselves go." To Americans, even if we don't have much to work with, we have to make the best of what we've got.

美国人非常看重仪容整洁与个人卫生。对某些人而言，打理自己几乎成了一种信仰，如一句古老的谚语说:清洁是仅次于圣洁第二重要的事。不管整齐清洁是不是能使人更接近上帝，但它的确能拉近与人的距离。美国人轻视那些不在乎打理自己或让自己随随便便就好的人。对美国人而言，就算我们没有非常好的先天条件，但至少该尽力将已有的好好发挥