欧盟就复苏计划达成协议 规模达7500亿欧元

7月21日上午，欧盟各国领导人就新冠肺炎疫情后的经济复苏计划达成协议，计划为27个成员国提供7500亿欧元的赠款和贷款，并出台未来七年1074万亿欧元的财政计划，以应对新冠肺炎给各国经济造成的影响。

Spain's Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez, France's President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Angela Merkel look into documents during the first face-to-face EU summit since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, in Brussels, Belgium July 20, 2020. [Photo/Agencies]

EU leaders have struck a deal on a huge post-coronavirus recovery package following a fourth night of talks.

经过第四晚的会谈后，欧盟各国领导人就后疫情时代的欧洲大规模经济复苏计划达成协议。

It involves €750bn in grants and loans to counter the impact of the pandemic in the 27-member bloc.

该协议涉及7500亿欧元 The talks saw a split between nations hardest hit by the virus and so-called "frugal" members concerned about costs.

在这次会谈中，受疫情影响最严重的国家和担心成本的所谓“节俭”成员国之间出现了分歧。

The deal centres on a €390bn programme of grants to member states hardest hit by the pandemic. Italy and Spain are expected to be the main recipients.

该协议的重点是向受疫情影响最严重的成员国提供3900亿欧元赠款。预计意大利和西班牙将是主要的受益国。

A further €360bn in low-interest loans will be available to members of the bloc.

欧盟成员国还将获得3600亿欧元的低息贷款。

The package will allow members to maintain spending in the aftermath of lockdowns that badly affected public finances.

该协议将允许成员国在封锁措施严重影响公共财政的情况下维持支出。

It includes checks that the funds will not be misused. Recipients will have to submit spending plans to the European Commission, and a majority of states will be able to block projects.

协议内容包括检查资金不会被滥用。受援国必须向欧盟委员会提交支出计划，成员国达到多数时能够阻止项目实施。

The package will now face technical negotiations by members, and needs ratification by the European Parliament.

该协议将面临成员国的技术性谈判，并需要得到欧洲议会的批准。

European Parliament President David Sassoli and French President Emmanuel Macron talk at the start of the first face-to-face EU summit since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, in Brussels, Belgium July 17, 2020. [Photo/Agencies]

协议是如何达成的？

The leaders reached agreement early on Tuesday after more than 90 hours of talks.

本周二 Mr Michel, the president of the European Council, called it "the right deal for Europe right now".

欧洲理事会主席米歇尔称其为“目前对欧洲非常合适的协议”。

我们做到了！我们已就复苏计划和2021-2027年欧洲预算达成了协议。这是一份强有力的协议。而且最重要的是，对欧洲目前来说非常合适的协议。

Tempers were often frayed during the negotiations. The "frugal four", Sweden, Denmark, Austria and the Netherlands, along with Finland had opposed extending €500bn in grants.

在谈判中，人们经常变得烦躁。“节俭四国” The group originally set €375bn as the limit. Other members, such as Spain and Italy, did not want to go below €400bn.

这几个国家最初设定的赠款上限为3750亿欧元。西班牙和意大利等其它成员国则希望赠款不低于4000亿欧元。

At one point French President Emmanuel Macron reportedly banged his fists on the table, as he told the "frugal four" they were putting the European project in danger.

据报道，法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙一度用拳头捶桌子，他告诉“节俭四国”，他们正在把欧洲的复苏计划置于危险之中。

The €390bn figure was suggested as a compromise, and "frugal" nations were reportedly won over by the promise of rebates on their EU budget contributions.

3900亿欧元的提议是一种妥协，据报道，欧盟承诺将返还“节俭”国家部分预算。

rebate [ˈriːbeɪt]：n.退还款；折扣

Another issue was over linking aid to the "rule of law". Hungary and Poland both threatened to veto the package if it adopted a policy of withholding funds from nations deemed to fall short of democratic principles.

另一个问题是将援助与“法治”联系在一起。匈牙利和波兰都威胁说，如果该协议采取拒绝向被认为不符合民主原则的国家提供资金的政策，它们将否决该协议。

President of the European Council Charles Michel (L), Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel (C), France's President Emmanuel Macron (2nd R) and President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen pose during a meeting at the first face-to-face EU summit since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, in Brussels, Belgium, July 19, 2020. [Photo/Agencies]

欧盟领导人对协议有何反应？

President Macron said it was a "historic day for Europe".

法国总统马克龙称这是“欧洲历史性的一天”。

Mr Michel said: "We showed collective responsibility and solidarity and we show also our belief in our common future."

米歇尔表示：“我们展示了集体责任和团结，也展示了我们对共同未来的信念。”

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen tweeted. "Today we've taken a historic step, we all can be proud of. But other important steps remain. First and most important: to gain the support of the European Parliament."

欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯·德莱恩发推文说：“今天，我们迈出了历史性的一步，我们都为此感到自豪。但是还有其他重要的程序。首先，也是最重要的一点：争取欧洲议会的支持。”

Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte, who led the "frugal group", welcomed the agreement, but acknowledged the fractious nature of the talks. "We are all professionals, we can take a few punches," he told reporters.

领导“节俭集团”的荷兰首相马克·吕特对该协议表示欢迎，但也承认谈判存在分歧。他告诉记者：“我们都是专业人士，我们可以承受一些打击。”

协议资金将从何而来？

The European Commission will borrow the €750bn on international markets and distribute the aid.

欧盟委员会将从国际市场借入7500亿欧元，并分配援助资金。

The deal was reached alongside agreement on the bloc's next seven-year budget, worth about €1.1tn.

与此同时，欧盟还就未来七年的预算达成了协议，该预算价值约1.1万亿欧元。

The UK, which has recorded more coronavirus deaths than any other European country, left the EU in January and is not involved in the deal.

英国是新冠肺炎死亡人数最多的欧洲国家。英国在今年1月脱离欧盟，因此没有参与该协议。