2016李克强总理记者会文字实录（双语）[1]

3月16日 先奉上完整版视频：

以下为记者会全程文字实录：

【路透社记者】

近期中国股市和汇市的波动引起了国际投资者的高度关注。请问总理，您认为中国的金融市场目前面临哪些主要问题和挑战？中国政府对金融市场未来的发展和加强监管有什么计划？股市汇市和债券市场将会有哪些重点改革措施？近期的市场波动会不会影响改革的进度？深港通会不会年内推出？谢谢。

Reuters: The recent volatility in China's stock and currency markets have drawn close attention from international investors. Mr Premier, what do you think are the major problems and challenges facing China's financial markets? What are the Chinese government's plans for future financial markets and strengthening of financing regulation? What major reform steps will be adopted for the development of stock, currency and bond markets in China? Will the recent volatility in those markets hold back China's reform development? And will the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect be launched this year?

【李克强】

请你问第一个问题，你就把股市汇市等金融市场问题当“当头炮”，不过也可以理解。因为许多金融问题的表现往往早于经济问题的发生。但是金融首要任务还是要支持实体经济的发展，实体经济不发展，是金融最大的风险。去年我们采取了一系列像降息、降准、定向降准等措施，这不是量化宽松，我们始终注意把握货币供应量的松紧适度，主要还是为了降低实体经济融资的成本。所以金融机构还是要着力去支持实体经济，特别是小微企业的健康发展，绝不能脱实向虚。

You've had the first opportunity to ask a question, and you made your questions all about the financial sector. That is understandable, as many economic problems first manifest themselves in financial markets. The top priority of the financial sector is to support the development of the real economy. The truth is, the dysfunctional real economy presents the largest risk to the financial markets. Last year, we took a series of steps, including cutting interest rates, and targeted reductions of banks required reserve ratio; these were not quantitative easing measures. At the same time, we also took care to insure that there is appropriate money supply. All these steps will aim at bringing down the cost of financing and enhance the development of the real economy, so I believe the job of financial institutions is to provide better services to the real economy, especially micro and small businesses.

当然金融也有其自身的规律，要防范风险。我更关注的是金融机构本身，去年由于一些行业、企业经营困难，金融机构不良贷款比例是在上升的。但是我们有抵御风险的能力，因为商业银行的资本充足率超过了13%，高于国际标准，拨备覆盖率达到180%以上，高于我们定的150%的标准。而且我们还可以利用市场化的手段降低企业的债务率。企业债务率高是老问题了，因为中国是间接融资为主，但是我们的居民储蓄率也比较高。即便如此，不管市场发生怎样的波动，我们还是要坚定不移地发展多层次的资本市场，而且也可以通过市场化债转股的方式来逐步降低企业的杠杆率。

The financial sector also operates according to its own laws, and one should always look out for possible financial risks. Last year, because of the difficulties of companies in some sectors, the nonperforming loan ratio of some financial institutions in China increased, but we are still in the good position to defuse the financial risks because the capital adequacy ratios of commercial banks is still about 13 percent, which is below the international warning line. Those bank's provision coverage ratio is also about 180 percent, which is above the 150 percent level that we set. We also have other market-based tools at our disposal to help bring down the corporate debt ratio. A very high corporate debt ratio is not new in China, as they still raise finances mostly indirectly in China, but we have a high saving's rate. In regard to volatility in the financial market, we're determined to press ahead with the building of a multi-tiered capital market, and we can also used such a market-oriented format for equity swaps to help bring down the corporate leverage ratio.

去年由于多重因素的原因，中国股票市场发生了异常波动，有关方面采取综合性稳定市场的举措，实际上是要防范发生系统性的金融风险，这一点是做到了的。下一步怎么办？前两天我们新上任的证监会主席关于具体问题已经作了阐述，因为时间问题我不展开了。不论是股市、债市、汇市这些金融市场，本质上是市场，还是要推进市场化、法治化的改革。当然，政府有监管的责任，现在看，随着形势的变化，需要改革和完善我们的金融监管体系，要实现全覆盖，因为现在金融创新的产品很多，不能留下监管空白；要增强协调性，因为金融市场产品之间关联度比较高，协调要有权威，还要做到权责一致。中央有关部门和地方要分层负责，发现问题要及时处置，防止苗头性的问题蔓延，当然也不能容忍道德风险。总之，还是要瞪大眼睛，练就一双加强监管的“火眼金睛”。

Last year, due to multiple factors, there were some unusual fluctuations in China's stock markets. Public departments took coordinated steps to stabilize the market and prevent any sustainable financial risk, and our measure achieved the desired result. As to what will the government do the next, with respect to the development of the financial markets in China, a few days ago, our newly appointed chairman of the China Securities Regulation Commission already give elaborate answers to that, so due to time constraints I will not spell them out here. Whether it is stock markets or bond and currency markets, they are after all markets, so we will continue to pursue market-oriented reform and establish a sound, legal framework for the operation of those markets. The government has the regulatory obligation, and we still need to improve our regulatory system in China. First, there needs to be full coverage of financial regulation, as we are seeing an increase in financial innovation products. Second, we need to step up coordination because all these financial markets and products are so highly interconnected, and such coordination must be authoritative. Third, responsibility must be matched with power; governments, departments and local authorities must perform their assigned possibilities conscientiously and promptly handle any possible latent risk, and also guard against moral hazards. Basically, we must sharpen our vision to exercise the most-effective regulation.

借这个机会我还要强调一点，完善和改革金融监管制度是一个过程，当前各有关部门和地方还是要按照已定的职能履行职责，守土有责，绝不能有任何的松懈，而且还要总结经验和教训，这也是保护好金融消费者和投资者的合法权益，否则可就要拿你是问了。谢谢！

Here, I want to emphasize that it will be a process for us to put in place a fully fledged financial regulatory regime, and in this process the various government departments and local authorities must continue to do a diligent job in performing their assigned responsibilities. Well, it is important, but we watch out for possible risks to ensure that the lawful rights and interests of investors and consumers will be upheld. I want to remind the various departments and local authorities that they must to do their job properly, otherwise they will be held accountable. Thank you.

Premier Li Keqiang answers questions of the media at the news conference after the closing meeting of the fourth session of China's 12th National People's Congress at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, March 16, 2016. [Photo by Feng Yongbin/chinadaily.com.cn]

【新华社记者】

谢谢主持人。总理你好，我的问题也和经济有关。开年以来，世界经济金融形势很不稳定，中国也面临较大的下行压力，有人担忧中国经济会一路下滑，甚至会击穿6.5%这条线，不仅会影响自身的全面发展和小康社会建设，也会拖累世界经济，请问您怎么看？谢谢。

Xinhua News Agency: Some people are worried that China's growth might fail to reach the target or even below 6.5 percent. What's your view?

【李克强】

你可是问了一个大问题。不过你让我同意说中国经济完不成已经确定的主要经济目标，那是不可能的。

You raised a big question. But it is impossible for me to agree that China cannot achieve the growth target this year. 的确，世界经济现在复苏乏力，中国经济又深度地融入世界经济，会受到影响和冲击。中国经济本身也在转型，一些长期积累的矛盾在凸显，所以说下行的压力确实在持续加大。有一个很明显的特征，就是地区和行业的走势分化。

The weak world recovery has taken its toll on the Chinese economy, which is deeply engaged in the world economy. China's economic transition is under way and its deep-rooted problems are emerging. The downward pressure indeed is increasing. But one prominent feature is greater divergence among regions and industries.

我记得前不久看有外媒报道，说是到中国的某个重化工企业，感到经济不景气，而到科技城看，那里的场面火爆，好像经济还在两位数增长，这跟我们下去调研的一些感受是类似的。实质上它说明了中国经济是困难和希望并存，如果从底盘和大势来看，希望大于困难。

The other day I read a foreign media report saying that one visit to a heavy industry left the impression of depression, while the next stop to a technology park left the impression that the economy is growing at a double-digit rate. This is in line with my last year's field trip conclusion: hope and challenges coexist. If we look at the "fundamental" and "big trend", hope outweighs challenges.

我们对中国经济长期向好充满信心，这种信心并不是凭空的，因为我们坚信只要坚持改革开放，中国的经济就不会“硬着陆”。因为中国市场还有很大的潜力，人民群众可以说有无穷的创造力，而我们政府确实还管了一些不该管的、束缚生产力发展的事情。同时，在保障公平竞争环境的监管方面又没有完全到位。所以通过推进改革，就可以激发市场更大的活力、人民群众更大的创造力，把亿万群众的勤劳和智慧的空间拓展开来，就可以顶住中国经济下行的压力。

We are fully confident about China's long-term growth prospects. This confidence is not groundless, because we believe that there will not be a hard landing as long as we stick to the reform path. There is still huge potential for China's markets; the general public has unlimited creativity. The government has overreached its aims in many aspects of economy, which hindered the gains of productivity; we are also not doing a sufficient job in ensuring a level playing ground . I believe through reform we can stimulate more vitality in the market, and greater vigor of the people. The wisdom and hard work of our people, if well tapped, is enough to withstand downward pressures.

像我们正在推进的简政、减税，这些供给侧结构性改革都会释放市场的活力。同时，中国新的动能正在生成，而且超出我们的预期。这几年中国经济增速是在放缓，但是我们还是实现了比较充分的就业，去年新增城镇就业1300多万人，而且今年一二月份我们的服务业又增长了8.1%，其中包括研发等高技术领域，这也带动了传统动能的改造。我们的传统动能还有很大的潜力，因为我们正处在工业化、城镇化的推进过程当中，产业升级有空间，新型城镇化是最大的内需，特别是中西部地区，还有很多有效投资需求。我们把培育新动能和改造提升传统动能结合起来，形成中国经济的“双引擎”，就会闯过困难的关口，跃上希望的高原。

The deregulation and tax cuts of the past few years will unleash the vitality of the market. Meanwhile, new forces of economic growth drivers are taking shape in a way that beats expectations. Despite the slowdown over the past few years, the employment condition is not bad. Last year we created more than 13 million jobs in the urban area. In the first two months of this year, the service sector grew 8.1 percent. Among them, there is high-tech research development, which is giving a push to the upgrade of traditional industries, an area where there is so much work we can do. We are in the midst of pushing ahead with deindustrialization and urbanization. New-style urbanization is the large domestic demand, especially in central and western regions, where there is enormous room for effective investment. If we combine the "fostering of new drivers" and "upgrading of old engines" and make them the "double-engines" of the Chinese economy, it will go through the pass of difficulties and leap to the plateau of hope.

世界经济走势还不确定，不稳定的因素也在增加，但是我们有政策储备。去年是世界经济6年来增速最低，我们还是实现了7%左右的增长目标，并没有用“大水漫灌”式的强刺激，而是选择了一条更为艰难但可持续的路，就是推进结构性改革。中国经济在发展过程当中，还会有小幅的、短期的波动，但是如果经济运行滑出合理区间，我们有创新宏观调控的手段，可以稳定中国经济的运行。

Under uncertain world economic prospects, instability is adding. But we have ample reserves of policy instruments. Last year, despite a six-year low in world growth, we managed to reach our previous target. We realized that in the absence of all-out stimulus measures, instead we have chosen the path of structural reform, which is tough but sustainable. There will be small and short-term volatility down the road, but in case there is any sign that the economy will slide beyond an appropriate range, we have the reserves of innovative macro-adjustment measures to stabilize expectations.

我们所经过的压力测试也可以说是宝贵的经验。我相信，在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚强领导下，落实好新发展理念，全国人民同心协力，我们完全可以实现“十三五”良好开局，这给世界带来的会是一股暖风。谢谢。

The "stress test" we have been through, in another way, is a precious experience. I believe that under the leadership of the CPC central committee with Xi Jinping as general secretary, as long as the new vision we have deployed unites the people's efforts, we will be able to deliver a good start to the 13th five-year plan, which will bring a warm breeze to the world.

【李克强】

主持人告诉我，刚才路透社记者提问的时候问到深港通什么时候开通。我补充回答一下。我们已经开通了沪港通，积累了比较丰富的经验，而且实践表明，对两地都有好处。现在内地和香港正在密切磋商，力争今年开通深港通。谢谢。

I just want to add one thing to part of the question raised by the Reuters journalist regarding when the Shenzhen-Hong Kong stock connect will be launched. We have already launched the Shanghai-Hong Kong stock connect and a lot of experience has already been gained from its operation. That stock exchange connection has brought real benefits to both cities. Currently, authorities in the mainland and in Hong Kong are in intensive discussions, and we will work toward the launch of the Shenzhen-Hong Kong stock connect within this year.

【美国全国广播公司记者】

总理先生，在您的政府工作报告当中提出一系列稳定中国经济增长的措施，这些都会有助于世界经济的发展。但同时还存在一个不确定因素，就是似乎在中美这两个世界上最大的经济体之间，在某些问题上始终存在一些分歧。总理先生，您觉得应该采取什么措施来改善中美关系？中方如何回应美方在有关问题上存在的一系列关切，包括市场准入、投资限制、对美国企业的公平待遇以及公平贸易，以便不要蚕食美国国内的就业岗位以及其他美国总统大选当中的一些候选人提出的关切。

NBC: I'm with NBC. Respected Premier Li, your work report has outlined steps to China's economic growth, which should help the global economy. But there is one factor of uncertainty and that is the continuing dispute between the world's two largest economies over a range of disputes. So Mr Premier, what do you propose can be done to improve the China-US relationship and address American concerns with respect to market access, investment restrictions, level of fair competition for American companies or fair trading practices that did not steal American jobs, issues that have been raised by some candidates in the current US election campaign. Thank you.

【李克强】

中美两国之间有广泛的共同利益，当然也存在着分歧，有的还是比较尖锐的，这毋庸讳言。一段时间不少人纷纷议论中美之间的分歧，但是往往会忽视中美之间去年发生的一个重要事情，就是中国成为美国最大的贸易伙伴，贸易额接近5600亿美元，这本身就表明中美的共同利益是在不断扩大，而且远远大于分歧。

There are broad interests between China and the United States. There are also some differences between the two countries, and some differences could be quite sharp. There is no need to deny this. For some time it seems that many people have been talking about differences between the two countries, yet at the same time have overlooked one very important thing that happened last year, that is China became the United States top trading partner, with two-way trade reaching $560 billion. This in itself shows that the common interests between the two countries are constantly expanding, and (the common interests) far outweigh their differences.

如何使中美关系健康向前发展，我想还是要遵循平等相待、互利共赢的原则。现在中美双方都表示，要积极推进中美投资协定谈判，我们将会放开或逐步放开美方对中国投资的准入门槛，但是这应该是相向的，双方开放应该是对等的。所以我们也希望美方在和我们进行中美投资协定谈判过程中，能够本着平等共赢的原则来推进。我相信，我们之间的共同利益会不断扩大。对于出现的分歧，我们之间有上百个对话交流机制，只要是出于诚意，管控好分歧，我相信中美共同利益还会不断扩大。在中美合作不断扩大的过程中，分歧的量会增加，但所占比例会下降。中美深化合作不仅有利于中美两国，也有利于世界。 As for how to ensure the healthy development of China-US ties, I believe both countries need to act in keeping with the principles of equality and mutual benefit. Currently the two countries have stated readiness to press ahead with Bilateral Investment Treaty negotiations. China, on its part, will give US investors wider market access in a gradual manner, but we hope such openings would be mutual, and the BIT negotiations should proceed on the basis of seeking mutual benefit. I believe the common interests between us will constantly expand. As for the differences between the two countries, there are up to 100 various dialogue and exchange mechanisms between China and the US. As long as the two sides act with good faith and properly manage their differences, I believe our common interest will further expand. And as our cooperation expands, the number of differences may naturally rise, but the percentage of differences in the overall China-US relationship will only come down. Broader cooperation serves the interests of both countries and the world.

中美经贸关系的发展从来都是双赢的，这一点，美国的商人们心里最清楚。现在美国正在举行大选，很热闹，吸引眼球，但是不管花落谁家，最后谁当总统，我相信中美关系向前发展的大势不会改变。中美建交几十年了，经历了多少风风雨雨，但是中美关系向前发展是大趋势。谢谢！

Business cooperation between our two countries has always been mutually beneficial, something that I believe the US business people know best. As for the ongoing general election in the US, it has been lively and has caught the eyes of many. I believe that no matter, in the end, who gets into the White House, the underlying trend of China-US ties will not change. It has been several decades since the two countries established diplomatic relations, and the relationship has seen more than a fair share of ups and downs, but it has been always moving forward, which I believe is the underlying trend. Thank you.

【中国资讯社和中国资讯网记者】

谢谢主持人。总理你好。据了解，现在有些地方的养老金发放已经出现困难，一些市县在靠贷款发放养老金。请问总理，中央政府是坐视不管还是准备为他们买单？谢谢。

Governments in some localities are having difficulty in paying pension benefits. Governments of some cities and counties have even borrowed money to make the payments. My question is, will the central government sit by and be hands off, or will the central government foot their bills?

【李克强】

你提的这个问题的确很尖锐，如实告诉你，确实有个别地方发生了养老金发放困难的问题，但这是一地之难、一时之急。中国现在实施的是养老金省级统筹，省级政府有责任、也有能力通过多方筹集资金，来保证养老金的发放，确有突出困难的，只要地方政府尽力了，中央政府是会给予补助的。这三年中央财政就拿了上万亿元，但有一条，地方必须尽职尽责，而且中央政府要督促养老金按时足额发放。

You raised quite a sharp question. Honestly speaking, it is true that some localities have found it hard to make pension benefits payments, but these are only isolated cases. Now the pension schemes in China are managed at the provincial level. Our provincial governments have the responsibility and capability to raise funds through various channels to ensure the payments for pension benefits. If local governments have done their best, but still have special difficulty, the central government is prepared to extend help. In the past three years, the central government has earmarked one trillion yuan in this respect, make no mistake, local governments must exert their utmost, and the central government will supervise local governments to make sure that pension benefits are paid on time and in full.

大家都有退休、都有需要养老的一天，这里我想做个安民告示，从全面长期来看，中国政府对中国公民保证养老金发放是没有问题的。我们去年养老保险收支结余3400多亿元，累计结余34000多亿元，我们还有全国的社会保障基金储备16000亿元没有动，同时还能够划拨国有资产来充实养老基金。所以可以肯定地说，老有所养不会、也绝不能是一句空话。谢谢。

One day, we will all be retired and live on pension benefits. So here's the message of reassurance. That is, nationally speaking and in the long run, there will absolutely be no problem in meeting pension payments by the Chinese government. Last year, the surplus of our pension insurance schemes was still at 340 billion yuan, and accumulative balance was 3.4 trillion yuan. Moreover, we still have the central social security fund, which is worth 1.6 trillion yuan, as a strategic reserve that has not been touched, and we can also use State-owned assets to replenish the social security fund. So, ensuring that the elderly will be provided for cannot and will not be an empty promise.

【彭博资讯社记者】

去年在同样的场合您曾经说过，中国政府会继续下定决心推动壮士断腕的改革，在今年的政府工作报告当中，您说中国经济需要至少保持6.5%的增速。同时不同的政府部门官员也表示，在化解过剩产能过程中不会出现下岗潮。所以我想问您，如何解决好保持中国经济的一定增速以及避免可能会产生不稳定影响的下岗问题，如何确保不会影响您本人所说的对中国经济发展至关重要的改革议程的推进。

Bloomberg News: Mr Premier, in this news room last year you said China is determined to press ahead with reform that would be as painful as taking a knife to one's own flesh, and in this year's government report you talked about the need for a minimum 6.5 percent growth target, and we have also heard local officials saying there will not be layoffs as China presses ahead with overcapacity. So I am wondering how would you address concerns that the growth target and the desire to avoid potentially layoffs would bind China's hands and make it impossible to press ahead with reform that you said is crucial for Chinese economy?

【李克强】

你问问题的时候很严肃，让我略有沉重。我可以肯定地说，中国会坚定不移地推进改革，改革和发展是不矛盾的，我们恰恰可以通过结构性改革来释放市场活力，支撑经济的发展。但在这个过程中，我们也看到，的确产生了一些比较严重的过剩产能，主要是在重化工领域，现在我们已经选择了钢铁、煤炭这两个领域在去产能上先行突破，与此同时要避免出现大规模的下岗潮。

One thing is certain: that we are determined to push ahead with our reform agenda. Reform and development are not in conflict with pursuing structural reform. We can further release market vitality and drive economic development. It is true that in some sectors there are serious problems of overcapacity, especially in heavy industries and petrochemical industries. We have selected the steel and coal sectors to start with the effort of cutting overcapacity and at the same time we will also avoid massive layoffs.

过去两年，我们在钢铁领域淘汰了上亿吨的产能，涉及到上百万职工。由于我们高度重视保护职工的合法权益，保证了大量的职工转岗或得到妥善安置，可以说积累了经验。下一步要推进去产能，我们必须做到产能要去，但大量职工的饭碗不能丢，而且争取让他们拿上新饭碗。对于一时尚不能够做到的，中央财政和地方财政有能力进行妥善安置。中央已经建立了1000亿元主要用于转岗安置的专项资金，如有需要还可以增加。当然，地方政府相应配套要跟上，我们需要做到的是双赢，在去产能、促发展、稳就业之间达到一个平衡，最终在去产能的过程中，实现重化工领域的持续健康发展。谢谢！

In the past two years, we have been faced with up to one hundred million tons of steel making capacity involving some one million employees, with a high priority given to protecting the interests of employees. We have taken strong steps to resettle these people and give them re-employment opportunities, and good experience have been enjoyed from the process. In a word, we will press ahead to deal with overcapacity and at the same time make sure that there will not be mass job losses. We will assign possible laid off people to new jobs and for those who still have difficulties in getting employment opportunities, the central and local government have financial resources to cover layoffs. The central government has established a 100 billion yuan fund in this respect, and if there is a need we could increase that amount. In the meantime, local governments have to do their own jobs. We hope to make it a win-win process and will strive to strike a proper balance in between. In the process we hope that by cutting overcapacity in those heavy industries, we will bring about a sustained and sound growth in these sectors.

【人民日报、人民网和人民日报客户端记者】

谢谢主持人。总理您好。您刚才提到了通过简政放权激发市场活力，我就想提问一个关于简政放权的问题。我们注意到，简政放权的改革已经进行了几年，但也有一些企业和群众反映，现在很多事办起来还很难，特别是一些事情在办理的过程当中有找不到门的感觉。请问总理，针对这种现象和问题，您下一步准备怎么办？谢谢。

People's Daily: Just now you said that the government will continue to streamline administration and delegate power to stimulate market vitality, so my question is about this government reform. This reform has been going on for several years, but some companies and people still feel that it's difficult for them to get some things done. In some cases, they even feel quite at a loss as to what to do. My question is, what will the government do to proceed with this reform?

【李克强】

很高兴能够一石三鸟，不过不是打，而是答。简政放权可以说是转变政府职能的关键，三年前就在这里，我曾经明确表示过，本届政府减少审批事项要达到1/3，现在这个目标已经提前实现了。根据第三方评估，多数企业和群众对这样做还是比较满意的，但与此同时，确实还存在许多问题，有更高的期待。

Streamlining administration and delegating powers holds the key to transforming governments' functions. Three years ago, on the same occasion, I promised that this government would cut the number of items that require State Council review and approval by one-third during its term. We have already fulfilled this target. Based on third-party evaluations, most of the companies and our people are satisfied with the progress of the reform. Yet, some problems still exist, and our people expect more from the government.

我们现在审批事项还是比较多，而且保留的事项当中有很多标准不统一。前几天我到一个代表团去参加审议，就有代表说他们要办一个医养结合的养老机构，群众很欢迎，但是这涉及到养老机构准入、医保定点、收费审批等，要跑多个部门，关键是这些部门的标准还不统一，所以让他一头雾水，像你讲的都找不到门了。这本身就束缚了产业的发展，也抑制了群众消费的需求。

At present, there are still too many items that require government approval. For those items that do need to exist, there is a lack of unified standards. A few days ago, in my discussion with some representatives of NPC deputies, one of them said that they wanted to establish a local nursing home that combines medical care with elderly care. It's a very popular idea with the local people. But many of them feel quite at a loss as to what to do, because there are different standards and they need to go through a host of government review procedures, involving market access, departments in charge of designated places for medical insurance, and how fees are going to be collected or set, etc. So all these redundant procedures have held back the development of productivity and also effective consumer demand among people.

所以简政放权必须一以贯之，哪里遇到问题、碰到阻力就要设法去解决，这是削减部门利益的事情。我们就是要用减政府权力的“痛”来换得企业、群众办事的“爽”。今年要下决心再砍掉一批审批事项，而且直接放给市场，即使是需要审批的也要简化手续。

We must make persistent efforts to forge head on this government reform and wherever there is an obstacle to this reform, the government must get right on it. The reform will cut government power but we are determined to keep doing it until our job is done, as that will deliver clear benefits to our people even if the government has to make painful adjustments. This year we are determined to further cut the number of such government approval items and leave more such items to the market.

尤其是要推进标准的统一。我们这两年推进商事制度改革，从证照合一到一证一码，就是一个统一标准的过程。结果激发了很大的群众创业热情，就是到现在，每天还有近3万个市场主体诞生。这个领域能做到，为什么其他领域就做不到？所以要给他们下达硬任务、排时间表。不仅如此，还有不少证照是没有必要的，今年也要砍掉一半。

For those items that still exist, procedures need to be simplified. We also need to further unify existing standards. In the past few years, we deepened business system reforms. We combined the requirements for business licenses and administrative permits. We have also introduced the practice of unified business licenses with the unified social credit code. All these have tremendously unleashed the creativity and entrepreneurial enthusiasm of our people. Now, on a daily basis, as many as 30,000 new market entities get registered. We will press ahead with this reform in various respects, for example, there are still too many requirements for certificates and various permits, and this year our goal is to further cut the number of such certificate requirements by half.

对那些于法无据影响群众的创业热情，甚至损害群众利益的不合理文件要坚决进行清理，该废除的废除。当然，我们说放权并不是说放任。营造公平竞争环境的监管措施必须到位，还要防止任性、任意地检查，这样简政放权才能更有效，才能让生产力发展起来、群众得到好处。我们还要推动优化服务，比如像政务公开加上互联网，让群众少跑腿，还能够办成事。谢谢。

For government documents without solid legal grounds, and that have held back the entrepreneurship of the people, or even hurt their rights and interests, they will all be cleaned up, or abrogated. But to delegate powers does not mean the government will be hands off. Instead, it needs to do a better job in ensuring a level playing field, and it also need to redress such malpractice as arbitrary regulation. We hope that throughout this process, we will further boost this productivity, and bring more benefits to the people. So the government will provide better services to the people to ensure that they can get things done with greater ease.

【西班牙埃菲社记者】

在过去两个月左右的时间里，由于朝鲜采取的一系列举动，美国正在加强在韩国的军事部署。同时在南海地区军事紧张态势似乎也在升级。另外，澳大利亚也在和美国磋商，要在这一地区引入战略轰炸机。还有就是不包括中国在内的12个国家签署了TPP。您是否认为美国的重返亚太战略已经给中国造成问题？您觉得在亚太地区还存在其他不稳定因素吗？

Spanish News Agency EFE: Just in the last two months, actions of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea have got the United States to increase its military presence in the Republic of Korea. At the same time, military tensions have increased in the South China Sea. And now Australia is in talks with the US in order to host strategic plane bombers in its territory And in the trade area 12 countries, not including China, have signed the Trans-Pacific Partnership. And my question is putting these together do you think that President Obama's focus in the Asia-Pacific region has already become a problem for China? Or do you see any other sources of instability in the whole Asia-Pacific area?

【李克强】

你提了一系列的问题，我要一一回答时间不够。概括起来讲，你问的还是关于中国周边的问题。中国始终主张要有一个稳定的周边环境，友好的睦邻关系。

It seems that all your questions are related to China's neighborhood. So let me say that China all along believes in pursuing harmonious coexistence with its neighbors, and we always believe that we need to have a stable neighborhood environment.

维护地区的稳定，实现睦邻友好，关键还是要靠地区国家共同努力。邻里发生纠纷，这也是难以避免的事情，但只要以诚相待，坚持用外交、和平手段来解决，我们完全可以维护地区的稳定。至于域外国家，像美国，可以说从来就没有离开过亚太，我们可以在亚太地区进行合作，管控好分歧。

It is up to the efforts of regional countries to maintain regional stability and harmony in the neighborhood. It is also natural that some differences may arise between neighbors. But we believe that as long as we all treat each other with sincerity and seek peaceful settlements to differences through diplomatic means, regional stability will be maintained. As for countries from outside the region, like the United States, we think the United States has never left the Asia-Pacific region. And all countries can work together to enhance cooperation and properly handle differences.

中国正在推进现代化建设，发展是第一要务。我们需要一个稳定的周边环境和和平的国际环境，中国发展强大起来，是维护世界和平的有力力量，也有利于周边。中国将坚定不移地走和平发展道路，维护国家主权和领土完整也毫不含糊，这两者之间并不矛盾。我们希望，不论是域内国家还是域外国家，都能多做有利于地区稳定的事情，而不是相反，否则对谁都不利。谢谢！

China is now pursuing modernization, hence development remains our top priority. China needs a stable neighborhood and a peaceful international environment for its domestic development. And a growing China will remain a staunch force for upholding global peace and it is also in the interests of China's neighbors. China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development and China will not waiver in its resolve to uphold sovereignty and territorial integrity and these two are not in conflict. Well we hope all countries from within this region and without will work together to uphold regional stability, not the opposite. That is in the interests of all.

【中国国际广播电台、国际在线网记者】

总理你好。我们注意到，两会前最后一次国务院常务会议有一个议题是部署加强文物保护工作。请问总理，中国这么大，要解决的问题这么多，政府的工作又这么忙，这个问题有这么紧迫吗？谢谢。

China Radio International / CRI Online: In the agenda of the State Council's executive meetings ahead of the two sessions, there was a highlighted item about preservation of cultural relics. So my question is, with a country so big, facing so many problems and the government being so busy, is this issue of protecting cultural relics such an important issue?

【李克强】

谢谢你对国务院常务会议议题的关心。本来你这问题可以由我们的秘书长来回答，不过我本人也是同意来讨论加强文物保护问题的。我想回答你的是，我们保护文物实际上也是在推动文化事业的发展，来滋润道德的力量，传承我们的传统优秀文化，来推动经济和社会协调发展。现在经济领域有不少大家诟病的问题，像坑蒙拐骗、假冒伪劣、诚信缺失，这些也可以从文化方面去找原因、开药方。市场经济是法治经济，也应该是道德经济。发展文化可以培育道德的力量，我们推动现代化，既要创造丰富的物质财富，也要通过文化向人民提供丰富的精神产品，用文明和道德的力量来赢得世界的尊重。谢谢。

Thank you for your keen interest in the State Council's executive meetings. The preservation of cultural relics is to boost cultural development in our country, enhance our moral strength and pass over our traditional culture. It will also help us to achieve balanced economic and social development. For the many problems that have occurred in our economic domain, such as cheating, swindling of the market place, selling fake goods, or loss of the good faith. One may also try to find causes behind those problems at the cultural level and make cultural prescriptions. The market economy is an economy on the basis of the rule of law with moral principles. So to develop culture will help us enhance moral strength in the course of pursuing modernization. We should not only work hard to create rich material wealth, but also meet our people's growing cultural needs and win the respect of other countries with the strength of culture and civilization. Thank you.

【凤凰卫视记者】

总理您好。我的问题是关于香港的。最近一两年我们从香港回到内地的时候被问到最多的一句话就是“香港到底怎么了”。我想这句话也包含很多层的含义。不久前，在大年初一香港旺角发生了骚乱事件，这也凸显了香港社会存在的一些问题。与此同时，香港的经济增速也是放缓的。明年香港就回归20周年了，凤凰卫视从成立到今年也已经20周年，可以说见证了香港回归之后的发展历程。目前在香港社会，大家都在讨论未来香港的出路在哪里。所以请教总理，在您看来，香港的出路到底在哪里？中央政府是否会出台新的措施来支持香港的发展？谢谢。

Phoenix TV: In the past couple of years whenever we come to the mainland, we are often asked what has happened with Hong Kong. There is so much to this one simple question and also the Mong Kok riots that took place on the first day of China's Lunar New Year exposed some problems that exist in Hong Kong's society. Hong Kong's economic growth has also been slowing. Mr. Premier, next year marks the 20th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to the motherland, many people in Hong Kong are asking this question: where will Hong Kong go in the future? What is your answer to that question Mr. Premier and will the central government introduce more policies to support Hong Kong's development?

【李克强】

要是再有人问你香港怎么了，我建议你回答：香港会保持长期繁荣稳定。中央政府“一国两制”、港人治港、高度自治的方针没有也不会改变。而且我们相信，特区政府有能力、香港民众有智慧处理香港遇到的各种复杂问题和局面。

Next time you get asked about this question, I suggest that you can answer that Hong Kong will maintain long-time stability and prosperity. The policy of the central government of adhering to "one country, two systems" — the Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong and high degree of autonomy will not change, and this policy has not changed. We believe that the Hong Kong SAR government has the ability and Hong Kong people have the wisdom to properly handle the complex issues in Hong Kong.

说到发展，这既是香港自身的需要，也是国家的需要。当然，香港的发展要靠自己的努力。去年香港作为发达经济体，经济增长2.4%，这不算低了。香港还可以更多的发挥自身的优势，当然也可以抓住内地发展的机遇，只要是有利于香港长期繁荣稳定，有利于增进香港民众福祉，特区政府提出来的事，中央政府都会全力支持。我对香港的前景看好。谢谢！

The development of Hong Kong is needed by Hong Kong itself and also the country as a whole. Hong Kong's development ultimately comes down to the efforts made by the people in Hong Kong. As an advanced economy, Hong Kong achieved a (GDP) growth of 2.4 percent last year, which is not low at all. Hong Kong can further use its own strength and also seize the opportunity offered by mainland development. The central government will give full support to any proposal from the SAR government that helps maintain Hong Kong long-term stability and prosperity and contributes to the well-being of people in Hong Kong. I have a confidence in a bright future of Hong Kong.

【财经杂志记者】

谢谢主持人。总理你好。我们注意到今年的政府工作报告首先提出了“新经济”这一概念，这是不是指现在新兴的电子商务和小微企业，这和您之前提倡的“大众创业、万众创新”有什么关系？这些对缓解当前经济下行压力有什么作用？谢谢。

Caijing: In this year's Government Work Report, the concept of the new economy was put forward for the first time. I wonder if this concept refers to e-commerce and those micro and small businesses? What does it have to do with the campaign for mass entrepreneurship and innovation? And how helpful could it be for withstanding the downward economic pressure?

【李克强】

我们说要发展“新经济”是要培育新动能，促进中国经济转型。“新经济”的覆盖面和内涵是很广泛的，它涉及一、二、三产业，不仅仅是指三产中的“互联网+”、物联网、云计算、电子商务等新兴产业和业态，也包括工业制造当中的智能制造、大规模的定制化生产等，还涉及到一产当中像有利于推进适度规模经营的家庭农场、股份合作制，农村一、二、三产融合发展等等。而且，发展“新经济”，小微企业可以大有作为，大企业可以有更大作为。目前很多大企业也在搞创客空间，有许多这样的例子。

To develop the new economy will help us foster new economic drivers and move forward China's economic transformation. The concept of the new economy covers a wide range of areas and has many dimensions. It can be found in the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. It's not just about emerging forms of business and industries such as e-commerce, cloud computing, the Internet of things and Internet. It can also be found in smart manufacturing, large-scale customer-made production in the industrial sector. It's also about the appropriately scaled-up operations in the primary industry, that is agriculture such as family farms and shareholding cooperatives. We believe that micro and small businesses can do a lot in developing new economy and also large companies can make a big difference. The truth is many large companies in China have established their own makers' spaces. There are many such examples.

传统动能发展到一定阶段出现减弱是规律，很多国家都走过这样的路，尤其是发达国家，有很多先例可寻。这个时候就需要新动能异军突起，来适应产业革命的趋势。而且新动能和传统动能提升改造结合起来，还可以形成混合的动能。

When development has come to a certain stage, it is only natural for traditional growth drivers to begin to wane, and that has happened in many developed countries. Hence, we need the boom of new growth drivers to accommodate the need of industrial revolution. And when we combine the new growth drivers and the upgraded traditional growth drivers, we can bring into being a hybrid driving force.

新动能对传统动能的改造提升很有意义。像我们现在要推动去产能，就涉及到重化工企业，很多这样的企业用人过多，需要把富余的员工转岗，而新动能发展起来就可以提供更多的就业岗位，这也使我们可以较大力度去推动去产能。我们现在提倡的“大众创业、万众创新”，实际上是为大、中、小企业、科研机构等提供一个平台，使众创、众包、众扶、众筹等有活跃的空间。

New growth drivers will also help with our efforts to cut industrial overcapacity. In the companies of those sectors with overcapacity, there is a problem of overstaffing, and the growth of new drivers will help generate new jobs to re-employ any possible laid-off people. The campaign of mass entrepreneurship and innovation is to put in place a platform for the development of various types of companies and research institutions, and to create a broad space for crowdfunding, crowd innovation and crowdsourcing.

可以这么说，如果把亿万群众的创造力、积极性调动起来，可以形成投鞭断流的气势，再加上背水一战的意志，就可以顶住经济下行的压力，而且促进经济的转型。一个国家的繁荣进步，还是在于亿万民众的参与，这也可以实现人的全面发展。谢谢。

When we bring into full play the enthusiasm and creativity of all our people, it will generate a powerful momentum. With that momentum and our firm determination, we will be able to withstand the downward economic pressure and achieve faster economic transformation. Ultimately, a country's prosperity and development would not be possible without the full involvement of all its people and that will also be a process for us to boost the all-round human development.

【今日俄罗斯国际通讯社记者】

谢谢主持人。李总理，您好。中俄两国曾多次表示，俄中两国经济合作水平跟不上政治发展，双方承诺会努力改善这种局面，不仅致力于推动贸易往来，还将大力发展投资合作。然而我们看到，中国投资者并未大量进入俄罗斯，这是为什么？这是否与西方国家对俄制裁有关或者与俄罗斯经济情况有关？中国企业在与俄合作中是否受到来自美国等国的压力？此外，一些专家认为，中国并不想投资俄罗斯，而仅仅对该国廉价能源感兴趣，您对此有何看法？谢谢。

Russia Today: Both China and Russia have recognized that the business cooperation between the two countries is lacking behind the growth of their political ties, and both sides have promised to change the situation by promoting trade ties and also investment cooperation. However, we have not seen a large inflow of Chinese investment in Russia yet. What is the reason for that? Is it because of the Western sanctions against Russia or Russia's own economic situation? Are Chinese companies under pressure from the United States and other countries in cooperating with Russia. Moreover, some Chinese experts believe that China is not that interested in making investment in Russia, but only interested in getting Russia's cheap energy. What is your response?

【李克强】

中俄互为最大的邻国，而且是全面战略协作伙伴关系，中俄关系可以说是全方位的。习近平主席和普京总统经常会晤，我们不仅是政治关系好，在经济方面也是有升温趋势的，因为我们在诸多领域都有多项合作。中国始终遵循着相互尊重、互利共赢的原则和俄罗斯发展关系。中国奉行的是独立自主的外交政策。中俄关系不会因为国际形势的变化受到影响，不受第三方的压力。我们还会继续推进中俄关系向前发展。当然，中国奉行不结盟政策，我们之间的合作也不针对第三方。

China and Russia are each other's biggest neighbors, there is a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination between the two countries. This relationship is an all-dimensional one. President Xi Jinping and President Vladimir Putin have met with each other quite often, there is a close political relationship between the two countries and our business cooperation has been continuously rising because we have multiple operations in quite many fields. China has all along developed its relationship with Russia on the basis of mutual respect and mutual benefit, and China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace. China-Russia relations will not be affected by changing circumstances in the international environment, and will not cave to third-party pressure. In the meantime, China follows the principle of nonalignment, and China-Russian cooperation will not be targeted at any third party.

我说经济方面的合作也在升温，有一个例子，去年我们从俄罗斯的石油进口又增加了800多万吨。但是很不幸，世界大宗商品的价格下跌，我们整个进出口，不仅是对俄罗斯，都是下降的，虽然数量没有减，但是贸易额下来了，这个责任还真不在我们双方。去年年底我和贵国总理梅德韦杰夫先生进行了深入探讨，比如我们可以在油气一体化方面进行合作，这样可以吸引中方对俄的投资。我们还可以拓展贸易渠道，实现贸易多元化。我愿意看到明年你再参加这个记者会，我能回答你中俄经贸投资趋势出现了转折性的向好。

Just now I said our business cooperation has also been rising. For example, last year, Chinese imports of oil from Russia increased by eight million tons, but because of plummeting commodity prices on international markets, China's total imports and exports declined, not just its imports from Russia. The physical volume has gone up, by the total trade volume has come down because of the falling prices, and neither country is responsible for that. Last year I had a deep discussion about China-Russia business cooperation with Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, we agreed that we can explore cooperation in the integrated development of oil and natural gas, sectors that will help attract more Chinese investment, and we can also introduce a greater level of diversity into our trade mix. I hope that next year, if you come to this press conference again, I can tell you that the business ties between our two countries have turned the corner for the better.

我对俄罗斯的朋友要额外加一句，这种向好也是表明世界贸易在向好，我们给世界贸易吹吹暖风。谢谢！

And I believe the enhancement of our business ties will also reflect the improvement of the global trade situation, and that will be a warm breeze our two countries can bring to global trade.

【中国日报记者】

谢谢，总理你好。在本次两会开始之前，我们发起了一个“我向总理提问”的网上投票调查。截至到目前，有大量网友参与了投票，选出了十大问题，和民生都紧密相关。目前来看，排在第一位的是加快推进医保的全国联网。有1000多万网友把票投给了这个问题，他们也许正在看直播，等待您的回答。那么我的问题就是总理，对于解决这个问题，您有没有一个时间表？谢谢。

China Daily: Ahead of the two sessions this year, China Daily and its app conducted an online voting survey, in which 24 million netizens participated. All the 10 questions on the survey are closely connected with people's daily life. Top of the list was how to achieve national portability of medical insurance schemes, which received 10 million votes from netizens. Mr. Premier, is there a timetable for us to achieve national portability of medical insurance?

【李克强】

首先要感谢你们运用网络投票的方式来了解民生的难处，给政府出题，这也是帮助政府改进工作。你刚才讲的事情我也经常听到。有些老年人退休以后和子女在异地生活，还帮助照看第三代，但是生病住院了还得回到原来工作的地方去报销。这些事情看起来是具体的事，但对碰到这个事的人或家庭，有可能就是天大的事。

I want to first thank you for conducting the survey, asking the people what the top concerns are in their daily lives. That will certainly help the government do its job better. I've also heard a lot about the retired elderly people moving to places away from their hometowns to live with their children. And they are even taking on the responsibility of taking care of their children's children. But when they get sick or hospitalized, they cannot easily get their medical expenses reimbursed in places where their expenses occur. It may seem a very concrete and specific issue. But when viewing it in the context of one single family, it could be a paramount issue.

政府下决心要推进全国医保联网。要在今年基本解决省内就医异地直接结算的基础上，争取用两年时间，使老年人跨省异地住院费用能够直接结算，使合情合理的异地结算问题不再成为群众的痛点。当然，这需要我们各有关部门下大力气。我们执政的目的是为什么？出发点和落脚点还是为了改善民生，就是要让群众对民生的呼声和要求，倒逼我们的发展，推动和检验我们的改革。谢谢大家。

The Chinese government is fully determined to achieve national portability of medical insurance schemes at a faster pace. This year we will basically achieve direct settlement of such expenses at the provincial level. And we also plan to use two years of time to achieve the direct settlement of hospitalized expenses by retired elderly people in places away from their hometowns, so as to remove this high concern in the minds of our people. This requires that all relevant government departments make tremendous efforts. All the government's work is to improve the well-being of our people. So we need to use the concrete wishes for a better life by our people to drive our development, and reform and test the results of our reform.

【台湾中天电视台记者】

请教，台湾今年政党轮替，有舆论认为，政党轮替之后可能会对两岸关系未来的发展带来一些不确定性。请您谈谈您对今后两岸关系前景的一些看法？请问大陆方面会不会继续推出促进两岸经济合作、有利于民生的新措施？谢谢。

CTI Television Incorporation: There has been a change of ruling party in Taiwan this year. There is a perception that the change will bring uncertainty to cross-Straits relations. I would like to ask for your opinion about the prospects of cross-Straits relations. Will the mainland introduce more measures that will help boost cross-Straits relations, business cooperation and improve people's livelihoods?

【李克强】

两岸关系的和平发展确实造福了两岸民众，两岸经济社会关系也在不断密切，而且需要良性互动。我记得去年我到福建考察，曾经开了一个台商座谈会，不少台商对大陆出的经济举措很敏感，很多人都担心对台湾投资企业的优惠政策会不会改变，我们听进去了，回来就发了文件，明确对台湾投资企业已有的优惠政策不得改变，要给定心丸。我们为什么这么做？因为我们是同胞啊。

Peaceful development of cross-Straits relations is in interest of people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits. Economic and social ties between the two sides are also becoming increasingly close, and there needs to be sound interaction between the two sides. Last year, I paid a field trip to Fujian province, where I had a round-table with some Taiwan business people. Many of them were quite sensitive about any economic measures from the mainland and some were considering whether the preferential policy for Taiwan businesses will be changed. Their point was well taken and we quickly issued a document specifying that all the introduced preferential policies for Taiwan businesses will remain unchanged to make them feel reassured. Why did we do that? Because we are all members of a big family.

我们还会继续推出有利于两岸经贸合作的举措，当然前提是要保持两岸的和平发展，基石还是“九二共识”。只要遵循这一政治基础，大家都认同属于一个中国，可以说什么问题都好谈。我对两岸关系和平发展的前景是乐观的，我们之间的血脉是分不开的。我相信两岸经贸关系的发展也会造福两岸民众，改善民生。谢谢！

We will introduce more policies to boost business cooperation between the mainland and Taiwan on the premise that there will be continued peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and the footstone of it is the 1992 Consensus. As long as one adheres to the political foundation of the 1992 Consensus and recognizes it, that both mainland and Taiwan belong to one and the same China, anything can be discussed. I for one feel opmistic about the future of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations. There is a strong tie between the two sides that cannot be severed. I also believe that closer business cooperation could bring benefits to people of both sides.

【中央人民广播电台、央广网记者】

谢谢主持人。总理您好。您刚才谈到简政放权时谈到了政务公开，大家对政务公开也是有越来越高的期待，每年依法申请公开信息的数量也在逐渐增多。但是一些地方和部门不够“给力”，发布消息相对滞后，大家心里有些着急，有些意见。请问总理您怎么看？谢谢。

China National Radio: Just now you mentioned increasing transparency in government affairs. Our people have high hopes for great openness of government affairs, and each year the number of applications for the release of government information has been on the rise. However, we have seen that some government departments and local authorities are not so quick in releasing related information, which the people are quite unhappy about. What steps will be taken to address this problem?

【李克强】

政务公开和简政放权可以说都是推进政府职能转变的关键，中央也明确要求，要推进政务公开，我们还要在若干方面进行努力。首先，该公开的应该全部公开。公开是惯例，不公开是例外。尤其是涉及到公众利益的措施，财政预算收支情况等，都应该加大公开的力度，让群众像扫二维码一样清清楚楚、一览无余。

Streamlining administration and increasing transparency of government affairs are both essential for transforming government functions. There is no problem with the firm resolve of the central government to increase the openness of government affairs, and further steps will be taken in this respect. First, any information that can be made public should be released. So openness will be standard practice, whereas the lack of this an exception. More information needs to be made public if it concerns an issue that involves public interests or it concerns the balance sheet of public finances. We should make government information as easily accessible for our people as just one click away.

第二，能上网的要尽可能上网。政府的权力清单要上网，权力的运行也要上网，要留下痕迹，这样可以减少自由裁量的空间。人们不是常说“人在做、天在看”吗？现在是云计算的时代，我们要让“权在用、云在看”。行使权力不能打小算盘。

Second, we need to upload as much information as possible onto the Internet. We need to release the government list of powers, and this will help us narrow the space for any fraudulent use of office. People used to say, "As man is doing, heaven is watching." I guess in this era of cloud computing, it should be, "Cloud is watching, watching how power is being used," and in the exercise of power by governmental departments, there should be no practice of making calculating moves for personal gain.

第三，要及时回应社会的关切。我们出台一些政策，本来是为了利民、惠民，群众看不懂、有疑问，那就要解释。一些合理的建议，该修改的就要修改。要让政策的内涵透明，而且也回应民意。今年两会前，我就要求国务院的部长们要主动发声，回答记者的提问。不是有一个“部长通道”吗？我跟他们说：你们可不能记者一发问你就拱拱手一走了之，要把嘴巴张开，直截了当地回答问题。我听说今年部长们的表现还是受到记者们的欢迎的，是不是啊？

Third, the government needs to actively respond to public concerns. When we introduce a particular policy, if people have any questions or doubts about the policy, the government has the duty to give necessary explanations and even revise the policy by drawing reasonable suggestions and ideas from the general public. We need to ensure that people are fully clear about what our government policies are about. Before the two sessions opened this year, I had asked all ministers in the State Council to be more proactive in talking to the press. Was there not a passage in the Great Hall of the People for ministers to appear before the press to take their questions? What I said to the ministers is that whenever you encounter journalists, you should no longer just wave your hand and take a quick leave, rather, you need to open your mouth and answer questions straightforward. From what I heard, the performance of ministers has been warmly welcomed and received by the press.

政务公开实质上也是要让政府的权力受到监督，这样也有利于政府提高效率，而且从制度上来避免滥用权力。我们欢迎社会各界，包括媒体朋友们的监督。谢谢。

Increasing openness in government affairs will help ensure that the use of government power is properly supervised, government efficiency can be enhanced and institutional safeguards can be provided against misuse of office. So we will continue to welcome supervision from the media and the general public. Thank you.

【日本经济资讯记者】

李总理，您好。我想请问的是关于中日韩领导人会议的问题。去年中日韩领导人会议在韩国首尔举办。今年日本是主办方，中日韩三个国家之间，在包括朝鲜核问题和中日韩自由贸易协定等方面，能够合作的空间很多。请问，中方对今年的中日韩领导人会议有什么样的期待？为了出席这个会议，您将作为总理首次访问日本。很多专家认为在中国经济转型升级当中，日本企业能够发挥的作用很大。请问，您对中日经济关系的互补性有什么样的看法？谢谢。

Japan's Nikkei Business Daily: I have a question about the meeting of leaders from China, Japan and the Republic of Korea. Last year this trilateral leaders' meeting was resumed in Seoul, in the ROK, and this year Japan is the host of the trilateral leaders' meeting. We believe that there are many areas where the three countries can work with each other, for example, in addressing the DPRK nuclear issue and in pursuing the free-trade agreement involving the three countries. So my question is what are your expectations for the trilateral leaders' meeting this year? And in order to attend this meeting, you will for the first time go to Japan in your current capacity. Some experts also believe that Japanese companies can play a big role in helping China achieve economic transformation. So I want to ask for your prospective on the economic complementarity between China and Japan?

【李克强】

去年我去韩国出席了中日韩领导人会议，这本是个一年一度的会晤机制，时隔三年才重启，的确是来之不易。是否还能够顺利地进行，三方要互动，尤其是现在中日关系虽然有改善的势头，但是还不巩固，还比较脆弱，我们还应该本着双方对历史问题的原则共识，而且做到言行一致。我可不愿意看到再走回头路。

Last year I went to the ROK and attended the trilateral leaders' meeting. This meeting should have been an annual event, however, it was only resumed last year after a three-year hiatus, and this has not come easily. As to whether the format will enjoy smooth development in the future, it's very much up to the interactions among the three countries. In particular, there has been some signs of improvement of Sino-Japanese ties, but it is not fully established yet and it is still fragile. We believe that it is important to adhere to the consensus reached between the two sides on the issue of principle involving history, and it is important to match one's words with concrete actions. What I don't want to see is another disruption in the holding of such a meeting.

讲到中日韩关系也使我想到一个比较轻松的话题，就是最近韩国棋手和AlphaGO进行围棋人机大战，三国很多民众都比较关注，这也表明三国之间文化有相似之处。我不想评论这个输赢，因为不管输赢如何，这个机器还是人造的。中日韩三国或者说我们中日之间，应该有智慧来推动智能制造、发展科技合作，创造人们需要的高质量产品。而且中日韩三国经济占世界经济的五分之一，是亚洲经济的70%，我们之间的互补性很强，可以携起手来去开拓更为广阔的世界市场。谢谢！

Talking about the relationship among China, Japan and the ROK, I cannot help but recalling a lighthearted topic. That is the recent match between the ROK champion and AlphaGo, the match between human and computer. It has become a very hot topic in all the three countries, I think that shows in a way that there is much commonality culturally among the three countries. I have no intention to comment on the results of the match here, but I believe, despite win or lose, after all this machine, AlphaGo, is designed and made by humans. I also believe that the three countries, or between China and Japan, can have wisdom in boosting smart manufacturing and science and technologies to develop high quality products that can better meet consumer needs. The economy of the three countries accounts for one-fifth of the global total and 70 percent of the Asian total. I believe there are many complementarities among us and if we can leverage these complementarities, we can do even better in global markets.

【中央电视台、央视网、央视客户端记者】

谢谢主持人把最后一个提问的机会给我。总理您好，我的问题是关于“五险一金”的。现在社会上降低“五险一金”的呼吁是比较集中的，我们不妨看一下，如果一个职工工资条上一个月收入是8000块钱，他到手的收入实际上不到5000块钱，3000块钱都缴纳“五险一金”了。另外“五险一金”对于企业来说也是一个非常沉重的负担，他们觉得压力很大，企业和职工都希望能够少缴。但是我们换一个角度想，如果他们都少缴的话，那么本来就已经很紧张的社保基金，收支不平衡可能会变得更加紧张。请问总理，您怎么回应来自社会的这些意见？您又怎么去解决这样一个棘手的“两难”问题？这样的问题有没有列入您今年的政府工作议程，您准备怎么具体地解决它？谢谢。

CCTV: A question about contributions by the general public and businesses to the five major social insurance programs and housing provident fund. There is a rising call by the general public for cutting personal contributions to these social security packages and housing provident fund. A very typical case is that if you take a look at the wage list of individual, he may earn 8,000 yuan but he can only get actually less than 5,000 yuan, and the rest over 3,000 will be contributions to the social insurance package and the housing fund. Businesses also feel that they are under heavy burden to pay such contributions. Both hope that contributions can be brought down. But we also know that on the other hand, the funding financial resources and social security schemes may have been over-stretched. So I want to ask you, MrPremier, how would you respond to the public concern and how will the government resolve this issue? Has this issue being put on the government work agenda?

【李克强】

你把这一石三鸟一下变成“五险一金”，含金量明显提高了。可能在场很多中方记者都会遇到这样的情况。我在参加两会期间，一些代表和委员也提出来可以考虑适当地调整“五险一金”的缴存比例，党中央国务院对此事高度重视，国务院去年就工伤、失业、生育保险实际上已经下调了它的缴存比例。

During the two sessions, some NPC deputies and CPPCC members have also suggested that appropriate adjustments be made to the proportion of contributions to these insurance schemes and fund by public and business community. The central government, the CPC Central Committee and State Council have paid very high attention to this issue. Last year, the State Council already adjusted downward the contributions by individuals and businesses to the insurance scheme covering places, safety, unemployment and maternity.

当然，“五险一金”从总体上看还是有适当调整的空间，各地情况不同。我前面已经说了，社会保障基金是充裕的，在国家规定的统一框架下，可以给地方更多的自主权，让他们根据当地的实际情况，阶段性地、适当地下调“五险一金”的缴存比例是可以做的。总的是让企业多减轻一点负担，让职工多拿一点现金。谢谢。

On the whole there's still room for us to cut the contributions to these insurance schemes and fund and conditions of different localities vary from each other. As I said before, we still have ample social security funds and local governments can be given great autonomy to make their own decisions of adjusting downward such contributions in keeping with their local conditions. All in all the purpose of our effort is to lessen corporate burden and put more money in the pockets of our people. Thank you!

【农民日报记者】

请问总理，在去年9月份玉米马上要收获的时候，中央出台了新的玉米临储价格，价格差不多降了二成多，虽然说农业的结构性调整也是现在供给侧改革的大方向，也是必然的要求，但是农民确实损失惨重。请问总理，对这个事情怎么看？今年在这种粮食补贴、农产品价格上会不会有更好的政策？谢谢。

Farmer's Daily: Last September when we were about to harvest corn, the central government introduced adjusted price for the purchase and storage of corn and the price was cut by 20 percent. That brought huge losses to corn growers. We know that this is also part of the supply side structural reform to adjust agricultural structure. But we want to have your take on this issue. What further steps will the central government take with respect to the price of grains in China?

【李克强】

你问了一个我们都非常关心和重视的大问题，但是时间关系，我只能简要回答。现在农产品主要是谷物产品的国内价格和国际市场比，像玉米、小麦、大米，几乎每吨要高600多块钱，主要还是因为我们的劳动生产率比较低。下一步还是要推动新型城镇化和农业现代化协调发展，要让农民更多的进城，有条件的能够在城里留下来，这样也可以增加农民的收入。同时，可以推进多种形式的适度规模经营，使农民能够把劳动生产率提高，这样就使我们的农产品更有竞争力。当然，农业始终是一个弱势产业，国家对农业的扶持力度不会减，对农民支持的力度也不会减。中国问题的最终解决还在于农民问题从根本上解决，让他们能够富裕起来，过上现代文明的生活。谢谢！

The average price in China is about 600 yuan ($92) per ton higher than international price. That is mainly because our labor productivity is still quite low. So in the future, we are going to pursue coordinated development between new type urbanization and agricultural modernization to help more migrant people move into urban areas.

For those who are already working and living in urban areas, they will be granted urban residency if they meet certain eligibilities and requirements. And that is also one of the ways to boost their income. And we also develop appropriately scaled farming in agriculture to boost labor productivity and enhance the competitiveness of our agricultural products. In a word, the central government will continue to support the development of agriculture and enhance the well being of Chinese farmers.

我们会始终高度重视“三农”问题，也会高度重视如何保护工人合法权益的问题。因为大家来自诸多方面，实在是没有时间一一回答了，顾此就会失彼，希望明年再见。

All in all, we will continue to give very high priority to all issues related to agriculture, farmers and rural areas. And we will also pay very high attention to protecting the lawful interests of workers in the industrial sector. There are so many issues that need to be covered, but our time is limited. So regrettably we may have to leave something out, but hopefully we will meet up again next year.