中国领导人联合国发声记录[1]

编者按：今年是世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年，联合国作为“二战”胜利的成果之一，也将迎来它70岁的生日。9月，第70届联合国大会将在纽约举行，预计会成为有史以来最多国家领导人云集的联大会议，中国国家主席习近平也将首次在联大发言。

从1974年邓小平登上联合国讲台算起，中国领导人已经先后多次亮相联合国会场。他们都说过什么，又有着怎样的风采表现？回望41年间各位领导人的联合国之旅，或许可以清晰地看出中国在国际外交舞台上的坚实足迹。

邓小平：新中国新面孔引发震撼

1974年4月，联合国大会第六届特别会议在纽约召开，中国政府决定由刚刚恢复工作不久的邓小平 在100多个国家的代表团和众多记者的期待之中，邓小平健步走上联合国大会讲台，从容开始了富有自己特色的发言。他全面系统地阐述当时提出的“三个世界”理论和中国对外关系原则，提出建立国际经济新秩序的基本主张，表明中国坚决站在第三世界国家一边，永远不称霸。

金句摘录：

没有政治独立，就不可能获得经济独立；而没有经济独立，一个国家的独立就是不完全、不巩固的。

Without political independence, it is impossible to achieve economic independence; without economic independence, a country's independence is incomplete and insecure.

我们说的自力更生，就是主要依靠本国人民的力量和智慧，掌握本国的经济命脉，充分利用本国的资源，努力增加粮食生产，有计划地、逐步地发展本国的民族经济。

By self-reliance we mean that a country should mainly rely on the strength and wisdom of its own people, control its own economic lifelines, make full use of its own resources, strive hard to increase food production and develop its national economy step by step and in a planned way.

自力更生决不是“闭关自守”，拒绝外援。我们一向认为，各国在尊重国家主权、平等互利、互通有无的条件下，开展经济技术交流，取长补短，对于发展民族经济，是有利的和必要的。

Self-reliance in no way means "self-seclusion" and rejection of foreign aid. We have always considered it beneficial and necessary for the development of the national economy that countries should carry on economic and technical exchanges on the basis of respect for state sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, and the exchange of needed goods to make up for each other's deficiencies.

我们主张，国家之间的政治和经济关系都应当建立在互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处五项原则的基础上。我们反对任何国家违背这些原则，在任何地区建立霸权和势力范围。

We hold that in both political and economic relations, countries should base themselves on the Five Principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. We are opposed to the establishment of hegemony and spheres of influence by any country in any part of the world in violation of these principles.

我们主张，各国的事务应当由各国人民自己来管。发展中国家人民有权自行选择和决定他们自己的社会、经济制度。我们支持发展中国家对自己的自然资源享有和行使永久主权。我们支持发展中国家对一切外国资本特别是“跨国公司”进行控制和管理，直到把它们收归国有。我们支持发展中国家“各别地或集体地自力更生”发展民族经济的主张。

We hold that the affairs of each country should be managed by its own people. The people of the developing countries have the right to choose and decide on their own social and economic systems. We support the permanent sovereignty of the developing countries over their own natural resources as well as their exercise of it. We support the actions of the developing countries to bring all foreign capital, and particularly "trans-national corporations," under their control and management, up to and including nationalization. We support the position of the developing countries for the development of their national economy through "individual and collective self-reliance."

我们主张，国家不论大小，不论贫富，应该一律平等，国际经济事务应该由世界各国共同来管，而不应当由一、两个超级大国来垄断。我们支持占世界人口绝大多数的发展中国家享有参与有关国际贸易、货币、航运等一切决定的充分权利。

We hold that all countries, big or small, rich or poor, should be equal, and that international economic affairs should be jointly managed by all the countries of the world instead of being monopolized by the one or two superpowers. We support the full right of the developing countries, which comprise the great majority of the world's population, to take part in all decision-making on international trade, monetary, shipping and other matters.

我们主张，国际贸易应当建立在平等互利、互通有无的原则基础上。我们支持发展中国家改善它们的原料、初级产品、半制成品和制成品的贸易条件，扩大销售市场，确定公正有利的价格等迫切要求。我们支持发展中国家建立各种原料输出国组织，进行反殖、反帝、反霸的联合斗争。

We hold that international trade should be based on the principles of equality, mutual benefit and the exchange of needed goods. We support the urgent demand of the developing countries to improve trade terms for their raw materials, primary products and semi-manufactured and manufactured goods, to expand their market and to fix equitable and favourable prices. We support the developing countries in establishing various organizations of raw material exporting countries for a united struggle against colonialism, imperialism and hegemonism.

我们主张，对发展中国家的经济援助，应当严格尊重受援国的主权，不附带任何政治、军事条件，不要求任何特权或借机牟取暴利。对发展中国家提供的贷款应当是无息或低息的，必要时可以延期还本付息，甚至减免债务负担。我们反对假借援助对发展中国家进行高利盘剥和敲诈勒索。

We hold that economic aid to the developing countries must strictly respect the sovereignty of the recipient countries and must not be accompanied by any political or military conditions and the extortion of any special privileges or excessive profits. Loans to the developing countries should be interest-free or low-interest and allow for delayed repayment of capital and interest, or even reduction and cancellation of debts in case of necessity. We are opposed to the exploitation of developing countries by usury or blackmail in the name of aid.

我们主张，对发展中国家的技术转让必须实用、有效、廉价、方便，派往受援国的专家和人员有责任向受援国人民认真传授技术，尊重受援国的法令和民族习惯，而不应当要求特殊待遇，更不得进行非法活动。

We hold that technology transferred to the developing countries must be practical, efficient, economical and convenient for use. The experts and other personnel dispatched to the recipient countries have the obligation to pass on conscientiously technical know-how to the people there and to respect the laws and national customs of the countries concerned. They must not make special demands or ask for special amenities, let alone engage in illegal activities.

中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中的国家。中国属于第三世界。中国政府和中国人民，一贯遵循毛主席的教导，坚决支持一切被压迫人民和被压迫民族争取和维护民族独立，发展民族经济，反对殖民主义、帝国主义、霸权主义的斗争，这是我们应尽的国际主义义务。中国现在不是，将来也不做超级大国。

China is a socialist country, and a developing country as well. China belongs to the Third World. Consistently following Chairman Mao's teachings, the Chinese government and people firmly support all oppressed peoples and oppressed nations in their struggle to win or defend national independence, develop the national economy and oppose colonialism, imperialism and hegemonism. This is our bounden internationalist duty. China is not a superpower, nor will she ever seek to be one.

江泽民：让美国人很吃惊

1995年10月21日至25日，时任中国国家主席的江泽民赴纽约出席联合国成立50年特别纪念会议，发表了题为《让我们共同缔造一个更美好的世界》的讲话，这是中国国家元首首次参加联合国大会并发表讲话。

金句摘录：

人类社会走向进步的趋势不可阻挡，任何国家自恃强大、迷信武力、谋求霸权、推行扩张政策，都注定要失败。

The advancement of human society is unstoppable. Any nation obsessed in its force to pursue hegemony and expansion will be doomed to failure.

大家只有彼此尊重，求同存异，和睦相处，互相促进，才能创造百花争妍、万紫千红的世界。

A diversified, splendid and colorful world can only be created through mutual respect and support, and by accepting differences and living in harmony.

江泽民第二次到访联合国，是在5年后的联合国千年首脑会议上。2000年9月6日至8日，150多位国家元首齐聚纽约，共同规划新世纪的未来。

金句摘录：

世界上所有的国家，无论大小、贫富、强弱，都是国际社会中平等的一员，都有参与和处理国际事务的权利。各国主权范围内的事情只能由本国政府和人民去管，世界上的事情只能由各国政府和人民共同商量来办。这是处理国际事务的民主原则。在当今时代，世界的命运必须由各国人民共同来掌握。

All countries, big or small, rich or poor, strong or weak, are equal members of the international community and have the right to take part in and handle world affairs. Matters that fall within the scope of sovereignty of a country should be managed only by the government and people of that country, and the world affairs should be handled by the governments and people of all countries through consultation. This is the principle of democracy in handling world affairs. Today, the world's destiny should be in the hands of the people of all countries.

世界是丰富多彩的。如同宇宙间不能只有一种色彩一样，世界上也不能只有一种文明、一种社会制度、一种发展模式、一种价值观念。各个国家、各个民族都为人类文明的发展作出了贡献。

The world is diverse and colorful. Just as there should not be only one color in the universe, so there should not be only one civilization, one social system, one development model or one set of values in the world. Each and every country and nation has made its own contribution to the development of human civilization.

中国人民将坚定不移地沿着建设有中国特色社会主义的道路前进，坚定不移地按照“和平统一、一国两制”方针完成祖国的统一大业。

The Chinese people will unswervingly march along the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and accomplish the grand cause of national reunification in accordance with the principles of "peaceful reunification" and "One country, two systems".

中国人民热爱和平，坚决维护世界的和平与稳定。无论什么时候，中国都永远不称霸。这是中国人民对世界的庄严承诺。

The Chinese people love peace and stand firm in maintaining world peace and stability. China will never seek hegemony. This is a solemn commitment undertaken by the Chinese people to the world.

我深信，世界局势的演变和人类社会的发展，不管还会经历多少艰难曲折，终将走向更高的文明和更全面的进步。

I am convinced that in spite of difficulties and twists and turns that might occur in the course of evolution of the world situation and the development of the human society, the world of ours will eventually attain a civilization of a higher level and make progress in all areas.

胡锦涛：提出“和谐世界”理念

2005年联合国60周年华诞时，时任中国国家主席胡锦涛出席了联合国首脑会议。当时进入大国外交和国际舞台不过二三年时间的胡锦涛展现出的挥洒自如和信心十足的大国领导人形象，吸引了国际媒体的广泛关注。

胡锦涛发表了题为《努力建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界》的重要讲话，全面阐述中国对当前国际形势及重大国际问题的看法和立场，对加强联合国作用、推动联合国改革、促进国际发展合作等问题提出了具体主张。也正是在这短短5分钟的讲话中，胡锦涛提出了“和谐世界”的理念，这种新世界观就此在联合国会场为国际社会广泛关注。

金句摘录：

联合国的成立，是人类为和平与发展长期努力的结果。联合国体现了世界各国人民“欲免后世再遭今代人类两度身历惨不堪言之战祸”、“彼此以善邻之道，和睦相处”的崇高精神，承载了国际社会共同促进经济社会发展的美好理想。

The United Nations was founded as a result of mankind's persistent efforts to seek peace and development. It embodies the lofty spirit of the world's people to "save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought about untold sorrow to mankind" and to "live together in peace with one another as good neighbors". It also carries the beautiful ideal of the international community to jointly promote economic and social development.

60年来，尽管强权政治依然存在、国际关系民主化尚未实现，但对话交流、和睦相处已成为国际关系的主流，各国互相尊重、平等相待日益成为国际社会的重要共识。

In the past 60 years, though power politics still lingered and democratized international relations remained elusive, dialogue, exchanges and harmonious co-existence have become the mainstream of state-to-state relations. Mutual respect and treating each other as equals have become an important consensus of the international community.

没有普遍发展和共同繁荣，世界难享太平。

Without universal development and common prosperity, our world can hardly enjoy tranquility.

联合国应该采取切实措施，落实千年发展目标，特别是要大力推动发展中国家加快发展，使21世纪真正成为“人人享有发展的世纪”。

The United Nations should take concrete measures to implement the Millennium Development Goals, particularly in the area of accelerating the development of developing countries, so that the 21st century can truly become a "century of development for all".

文明多样性是人类社会的基本特征，也是人类文明进步的重要动力。在人类历史上，各种文明都以自己的方式为人类文明进步作出了积极贡献。存在差异，各种文明才能相互借鉴、共同提高；强求一律，只会导致人类文明失去动力、僵化衰落。各种文明有历史长短之分，无高低优劣之别。历史文化、社会制度和发展模式的差异不应成为各国交流的障碍，更不应成为相互对抗的理由。

Diversity of civilizations is a basic feature of human society and an important driving force behind human progress. In the course of human history, all civilizations have, in their own way, made a positive contribution to the overall human progress. It is their differences that allow them to learn from one another and grow stronger together. Uniformity, if imposed on them, can only take away their vitality and cause them to become rigid and decline. The world's civilizations may differ in age, but none is better or more superior than others. Differences in history, culture, social system and mode of development should not become barriers to exchanges between countries, let alone excuses for confrontation.

我们应该尊重各国自主选择社会制度和发展道路的权利，相互借鉴而不是刻意排斥，取长补短而不是定于一尊，推动各国根据本国国情实现振兴和发展；应该加强不同文明的对话和交流，在竞争比较中取长补短，在求同存异中共同发展，努力消除相互的疑虑和隔阂，使人类更加和睦，让世界更加丰富多彩；应该以平等开放的精神，维护文明的多样性，促进国际关系民主化，协力构建各种文明兼容并蓄的和谐世界。

We should respect a country's right to independently choose its own social system and path of development. In this way, countries will go for mutual emulation instead of deliberate exclusion, for mutual learning of respective strong points instead of making fetish a particular model, thus succeeding in their rejuvenation and development in line with their national conditions. We should enhance intercivilization dialogue and exchanges, allowing cultures to complement one another through competition and comparison, and to develop together by seeking common ground while putting aside differences. We should do away with misgivings and estrangement existing between civilizations and make humanity more harmonious and our world more colorful. We should endeavor to preserve the diversity of civilizations in the spirit of equality and openness, make international relations more democratic and jointly build towards a harmonious world where all civilizations coexist and accommodate each other.

2009年9月23日，胡锦涛在热烈的掌声中再次登上联大讲台，发表题为《同舟共济 共创未来》的重要讲话。全面阐述了中国对国际形势及重大全球和地区问题的看法，系统介绍了新中国成立60年来的发展道路和成就。这是中国国家元首第一次在联大一般性辩论中发表讲话。

金句摘录：

安全不是孤立的、零和的、绝对的，没有世界和地区和平稳定，就没有一国安全稳定。

Security is not a zero-sum game, and there is no isolated or absolute security. No country can be safe and stable in the absence of world and regional peace and stability.

我们应该坚持互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观，既维护本国安全，又尊重别国安全关切，促进人类共同安全。

We should embrace a new security thinking of mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination. While maintaining one's own national security, we should also respect the security concerns of other countries and advance the common security of mankind.

在气候变化、粮食安全、能源资源安全、公共卫生安全等全球性挑战面前，任何国家都不可能独善其身。

Climate change, food security, energy and resource security and public health security are all global challenges and no country is immune from them.

温家宝：认识一个真实的中国

2008年9月25日，中国国务院总理温家宝出席联合国千年发展目标高级别会议，以及第63届联合国大会一般性辩论。温家宝在一般性辩论中向在场的150多个国家领导人表明中国要“坚持改革开放，坚持和平发展”。

金句摘录：

中国将继续坚定不移地走和平发展道路，继续坚持改革开放，继续贯彻独立自主的和平外交政策。这符合中国人民的根本利益，符合世界人民的根本利益，也顺应世界潮流。

China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, unswervingly pursue reform and opening-up, and continue to adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace. This is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of all other countries. It is also in keeping with the trend of the world.

只有不断而深入地推进经济体制、政治体制等各项改革，才是经济发展和社会进步的永恒动力；只有全面而持久地扩大对外开放，才是国家富强和民族繁荣的正确道路。

Only continued economic and political restructuring and reform in other fields can lead to sustained economic growth and social progress, and only continued opening-up in an all-round way can lead the country to greater national strength and prosperity.

中国坚决捍卫来之不易的国家主权和领土完整，决不允许任何外来干涉。同时，中国坚持平等相待，尊重别国的主权和领土完整，尊重各国人民自主选择的社会制度和发展道路。

China is firm in upholding its hard-won sovereignty and territorial integrity and will never tolerate any external interference. Following the principle of treating each other as equals, China also respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other countries as well as the independent choice of their people for social systems and development paths.

中国愿意在平等互利基础上，同所有国家发展友好关系，不以意识形态和社会制度定亲疏。

China is ready to develop friendly relations with all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit rather than on ideology or social system.

中国的发展是和平的发展，不会损害任何人，也不会威胁任何人。中国现在不称霸，将来也绝不称霸。

China's development is peaceful in nature. It will not harm anyone or pose a threat to anyone. China does not seek hegemony now, nor will it do so in the future.

全世界的人们，包括各国的领导者，只要消除敌视、隔阂和偏见，以包容开放的胸怀坦诚相待，携手前行，人类一定会战胜各种困难，也一定会拥有一个更加光明美好的未来。

So long as people of all countries, especially their leaders, can do away with hostility, estrangement and prejudice, treat each other with sincerity and an open mind, and forge ahead hand in hand, mankind will overcome all difficulties and embrace a brighter future.

2010年9月，温家宝应邀出席了在纽约联合国总部举行的联合国千年发展目标高级别会议和第65届联合国大会一般性辩论等系列会议。23日，温家宝在纽约联合国总部发表题为《认识一个真实的中国》的讲话。通过解疑释惑，对外传递了明确、坚定的信息，增进了外界对中国的全面客观了解及对中国发展的信心。

金句摘录：

中国现代化走到今天，先进落后并存，新旧矛盾交织，面临诸多前所未有的挑战。中国仍然处于社会主义初级阶段，仍然属于发展中国家。这就是我们的基本国情，这就是一个真实的中国。

China, which has come a long way in modernization, is fairly advanced in some areas of development but remains backward in others. And it faces unprecedented challenges brought by problems both old and new. Taken as a whole, China is still in the primary stage of socialism and remains a developing country. These are our basic national conditions. This is the real China.

发展仍然是中国的第一要务，是解决一切问题的基础。

Development is our top priority, as it constitutes the basis for addressing all issues.

我们要尊重和保障人权，维护社会公平正义，实现人的自由和全面发展，这是民主法治国家的重要标志，也是国家长治久安的基本保障。

We respect and protect human rights, uphold social equity and justice, and strive to achieve the free and all-round development for our people. This is the important hallmark of a democratic country under the rule of law. It is also a basic guarantee for a country's lasting peace and stability.

中国将坚定不移地走和平发展道路。和平发展的精髓是什么?就是争取和平的国际环境来发展自己，又以自己的发展促进世界的和平。这也是中国特色社会主义的题中应有之义。

China will stay firmly committed to peaceful development. You may ask what is the essence of peaceful development. It is to foster a peaceful international environment for our development and at the same time contribute to world peace through our development. This is something inherent in the concept of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

中国讲友好，也讲原则，坚定不移地维护国家的核心利益。在涉及主权、统一及领土完整的问题上，中国决不退让，决不妥协。

China values friendship and also sticks to principles. It firmly upholds its national core interests. When it comes to sovereignty, national unity and territorial integrity, China will not yield or compromise.

中国的稳定和发展，有利于建设和平的国际环境，有利于建设民主的国际秩序，有利于建设繁荣的世界经济，也有利于建设和谐的文明世界。中国发展，世界机遇；中国好了，世界得利。历史将会进一步证明这一点。

China's stability and development is conducive to a more peaceful international environment, a more democratic international order, a more prosperous global economy, and a more harmonious and civilized world. China's development is an opportunity to the world, and the world stands to gain from a China that is better off. History will continue to prove this.

一个和平发展的中国，一个充满活力的中国，一个敢于担当的中国，永远与世界同行。让我们携起手来，为世界的持久和平与繁荣而奋斗!

A China that develops peacefully, a China that is full of vigor and vitality and a China that is willing and ready to fulfill its responsibilities will always move forward together with the world. Let us join hands to work for a world of enduring peace and prosperity.

金秋9月，习近平主席将在联合国大会的讲台上再次发出来自中国的声音。这将是怎样的声音？让我们一起来等待、倾听……

名词解释：

联合国大会一般性辩论 联合国大会 在与各成员国、现任联合国大会主席以及联合国秘书长等各方商议之后，联合国大会侯任主席 一般性辩论给联合国会员国提供了平等讨论国际问题的机会。各国代表均可利用这一平台展示自己，表达自身关心和关切的问题，阐明立场和观点，发出呼吁和倡议。

一般性辩论也是各国坦率沟通、汇聚共识的重要场所，从而达到促进各国加强团结，共同应对困难和挑战，共建美好未来的目的。

此外，一般性辩论也成为会员国开展外交活动的重要舞台，许多国家领导人借机就共同关心的问题举行会晤，以期取得积极成果。