7月份的资讯热词汇总火热出炉。本月初,习近平主席在莫斯科克里姆林宫同俄罗斯总统普京举行会谈,并获颁俄罗斯国家最高勋章“圣安德烈”勋章;南方强降雨,长江主要支流超历史最高水位;留学生在美国吸食笑气成瘾;热门游戏《王者荣耀》推出防沉迷系统;我国首份AR大学录取通知书发出;我国宣布推出地方收费公路债券;阿里巴巴无人超市在杭州开业;共享床铺引发热议后被关停;印方边防人员越界,国防部警告,撼山易,撼解放军难;国内最高速的悬挂式单轨列车下线。
强降雨 torrential rain
Days of torrential rain in central China's Hunan province raised the water level of the Xiangjiang River, a major tributary of the Yangtze River, to exceed its record flood level Sunday morning.
湖南省连日强降雨,导致长江主要支流湘江水位上升,2日上午已超历史最高水位。
Already at 3.2 meters above the warning level, the water level is expected to continue to rise as heavy rain is forecast for upstream regions over the next few days.
目前,湘江水位已超警戒水位3.2米,未来几天上游地区强降雨继续,水位可能继续上涨。
Tributary指的是a stream or river that flows into a larger one,即“支流”,“XX江/河的支流”一般都用a tributary of ...River表示,比如这里的a major tributary of the Yangtze River或者a tributary of the Amazon(亚马逊河的一条支流),等等。因为支流也分大小,所以可以在tributary前面添加major来表示某条河流是“主要支流”。
在水文学上,支流(tributary)指汇入另一条河流(或其他水体)而不直接入海的河流。支流所汇入的河流称为干流或主流(mainstream),两河或多河交汇之处称为合流或合流处(confluence)。与支流相反的情况称为分流(distributary)。
笑气 laughing gas
Chinese student Lin Na (not her real name) got hooked on laughing gas while studying in the U.S., resulting in serious injury.
中国学生林娜(化名)在美国学习期间吸食笑气成瘾,导致身体机能严重受损。
笑气(laughing gas),学名一氧化二氮(nitrous oxide),在室温下是无色(colorless)、无味的不可燃气体(odorless non-flammable gas)。温度升高后,可成为很强的氧化剂(powerful oxidizer)。
因为具有麻醉效果(anaesthetic effects),一氧化二氮曾经被广泛应用于外科和牙科治疗;也因为吸入此气体之后,人会产生愉悦的感觉(euphoric effects),所以才会得名“笑气”。此外,一氧化二氮还可用作火箭推进剂中的氧化剂(oxidizer in rocket propellants),以及赛车时提升发动机的动力输出(increase the power output of engines)。
据媒体报道,年轻人吸食“笑气”时先将气体冲进气球,然后抱着气球吸食,这种气球被称为“嗨气球”(dizzy balloons)。
“笑气”进入血液后会导致人体缺氧,长期吸食可能引起高血压(high blood pressure)、晕厥(syncope),甚至心脏病发作(heart attack)。长期接触此类气体还可引起贫血(anemia)及中枢神经系统损害(central nervous system injury)等。如果超量摄入,很可能因为缺氧导致窒息死亡(die of suffocation)。
目前,笑气尚未列入我国麻醉药品品种目录(catalogue of narcotic drugs)、精神药品品种目录(catalogue of psychotropic drugs)。国家食药监局曾发布一份关于“吸入笑气”的界定通知,明确标注吸入笑气镇痛装置被列为第三类医疗器械。
“圣安德烈”勋章 the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle
7月4日,国家主席习近平在莫斯科克里姆林宫同俄罗斯总统普京举行会谈。会谈后,普京向习近平授予俄罗斯国家最高勋章“圣安德烈”勋章。
Noting that China and Russia are good neighbors, friends and partners, Xi told Putin during talks at the Kremlin that the bilateral comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination is in the fundamental interests of the two countries and peoples, which boasts a strong vitality and huge development potential and will be able to withstand the test of international vicissitudes.
习近平指出,中俄两国是好邻居、好朋友、好伙伴。中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系符合两国和两国人民根本利益,具有强大生命力和巨大发展潜力,经得起国际风云变幻考验。
Putin presented Xi with the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle, one of Russia's highest honors, for his prominent work in strengthening friendship between the peoples of Russia and China.
普京向习近平授予俄罗斯国家最高勋章“圣安德烈”勋章,对习近平为增强中俄两国人民友谊做出的杰出贡献致意。
“圣安德烈”勋章(the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle)是俄罗斯的最高勋章(the highest order of the Russian Federation),1698年由彼得一世设立,1917年,该勋章停用;1998年恢复使用,是俄罗斯最高荣誉的象征。
王者荣耀 King of Glory
Tencent's mobile game King of Glory is enjoying phenomenal popularity with over 200 million registered players, 36 million of whom are middle and primary school students.
腾讯手游《王者荣耀》已成为现象级的流行游戏,目前已有超过2亿注册用户。其中,3600万人是中小学生。
然而,因为玩家群体中涉及不少未成年人,时不时也有游戏成瘾酿成悲剧的情况爆出,因此这款游戏在网上也掀起了不小的争议。
人民网认为,《王者荣耀》给孩子们造成的不良影响有两个方面:
一是游戏内容架空和虚构历史,扭曲价值观和历史观;二是过度沉溺让孩子在精神与身体上被过度消耗。
First, the game's content is a twist of values and historical views. Second, young people's minds and bodies are consumed by their indulgence in the game.
腾讯在官方微信公众号刊文,引述《王者荣耀》开发团队有关负责人称:
王者作为一款游戏产品,游戏设计本身是完全符合国家规定的(the game’s design fully complied with government requirements),但王者现在已经是一款国民游戏,就必须承担起对应的责任。
该负责人说:
“虽然目前国内还没有移动游戏防沉迷的明确规定,但我们决定率先做出一些努力和尝试……来打消父母的忧虑。”
China does not yet have any guidelines to prevent mobile-gaming addiction, but we decided to take the initiative...and dispel parents’ concerns.
所以,腾讯于7月4日以《王者荣耀》为试点,率先推出健康游戏防沉迷系统的“三板斧”(“three broad axes”)。
该系统被称为中国游戏行业有史以来最严格的防沉迷措施(most serious anti-addiction measures in history)。
简单来说,这三板斧就是以下一系列措施:
1. 12周岁以下(含12周岁)未成年人每天限玩1小时,并计划上线晚上9时以后禁止登陆功能;
Users 12 years of age and younger are limited to one hour of play a day and will not be permitted to sign in after 9pm.
12周岁以上未成年人每天限玩2小时;
Users between 12 and 18 years of age are limited to two hours per day.
超出时间的玩家将被游戏强制下线。
Those who play beyond the allotted time period will be forced to go offline.
陆续增加“未成年人消费限额”功能,限制未成年人的非理性消费。
Tencent will also place caps on the amount of money that underage users can spend on the platform, so as to rein in minors’ irrational consumption.
2. 升级成长守护平台,大幅降低操作门槛,家长只需要简单步骤就可以完成绑定,对未成年人子女的游戏账号进行健康行为的监护。
Tencent also said it would upgrade a parental control platform to make it easier for parents to monitor their children’s gaming account activities.
3. 强化实名认证体系。
Step up the requirement of real-name registration for all users.
人造太阳 artificial sun
Chinese scientists announced they have set a new world record by achieving 101.2 seconds of steady-state H-mode operation of the tokamak, an experimental device designed to harness the energy of fusion.
我国科学家宣布,他们成功实现了托卡马克101.2秒稳态高约束运行,创造了新的世界纪录。托卡马克是一种旨在利用核聚变能量的实验装置。
The milestone meant China's Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), dubbed "artificial sun," became the world's first tokamak device to achieve the 100-second-level, Hefei Institute of Physical Science under the Chinese Academy of Sciences said Wednesday.
中科院合肥物质科学研究院5日称,这一里程碑式事件标志着,我国的"全超导托卡马克实验装置(东方超环)"成为世界首个运行时间达到百秒量级的托卡马克装置。东方超环也被称作"人造太阳"。
东方超环(Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak,EAST)是世界上第一个实现稳态高约束模式运行持续时间达到百秒量级的托卡马克核聚变实验装置,对国际热核聚变试验堆(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor,ITER)计划具有重大科学意义。
ITER计划是当前世界上规模最大的国际核聚变研究科技项目(international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject),也是世界上最大的磁约束等离子体物理实验(the world's largest magnetic confinement plasma physics experiment)。ITER计划将建造、运行一个可持续燃烧的托卡马克型聚变实验堆(a burning/self-sustaining tokamak nuclear fusion reactor),以验证聚变反应堆的工程技术可行性。
托卡马克(tokamak)是一种利用磁约束(magnetic confinement)来实现受控核聚变(controlled thermonuclear fusion power)的环形容器。它的名字Tokamak 无人智能巡逻艇 unmanned patrol speedboat
The Institute of Intelligent Machines under the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced that it has launched the country's first unmanned speedboat to save people from drowning.
中国科学院智能机械研究所近日宣布推出我国首艘无人快艇,防止人员溺水。
这艘“无人智能巡逻艇”(unmanned patrol speedboat)装备了摄像头、GPS导航(GPS navigation)、声纳(sonar detector)等多种高科技设备,同时岸上还架设了20多台光学摄像(optical camera)和热红外摄像头(thermal infrared camera)。识别到有人进入危险水域(dangerous waters),巡逻艇会鸣笛并用喇叭警告对方尽快离开,同时对进入危险水域的人员进行定位、计算溺水风险(calculate the risk of drowning),并向值班人员发送信息。
7月3日下午,合肥市公安局巢湖水上分局在天鹅湖举行“无人智能巡逻艇”首巡仪式(the craft made its debut recently at swan Lake in Hefei, capital of east China's Anhui province)。据研发人员介绍,巡逻艇是充电的(rechargeable),可以确保24小时在湖面上巡航,白天主要是靠高清摄像头,晚上则是红外线摄像头,识别范围在500米以内。
AR录取通知书 AR admission notice
The Northwestern Polytechnical University on Tuesday issued the letter of acceptance using Augmented Reality (AR) technology to students. This is the first AR-enabled university admission notice in China.
4日,西北工业大学向学生发出了使用增强现实(AR)技术的录取通知书。这是国内首份启用AR的大学录取通知书。
4日下午,国内第一封AR大学录取通知书(AR university admission notice)从位于古城西安的西北工业大学发出,通知书的主人是来自山东的艺术类考生魏同学。据悉,今年西工大在每一份录取通知书中都嵌入了基于AR技术的虚拟校园平台(embed a virtual campus platform based on AR technology)。
AR技术可实时地计算摄像头视角的位置及角度(calculate the position and angle of camera view in real time),并加上相应图像、视频和3D模型(images, videos and 3D models),将真实和虚拟世界无缝集成 (seamlessly integrate the physical and virtual worlds)。
据介绍,收到AR录取通知书(admission notice, letter of acceptance)的同学,只需完成三步:拿起微信扫一扫,关注通知书上的"畅玩AR";下载"西工大增强现实"应用;打开应用,扫描通知书正反面(scan the letter, front and back),就能畅快查看校情校史(history of the university)介绍、学科特色(discipline characteristics)展示等主题内容。当扫描通知书背面的"航空"、"航天"、"航海"(aviation, space and sailing)标志时,会出现有关西工大学校特色的动态展示(dynamic display of the school features)。该校招生办(admissions office)副主任谢丹表示,AR录取通知书不仅让录取信息"动"了起来,更通过新媒体(new media)新技术使学校育人工作"活"了起来:用学生喜闻乐见的方式,提前了创新大门的开启时间,丰富了创新基因的传承渠道。
扶老人风险基金 risk fund for those who help the elderly
A charity organization in Shenyang, Liaoning, established the country's first risk fund for those kind-hearted people who fall into trouble after going to the assistance of a senior citizen.
近日,辽宁省沈阳市一家慈善组织面向那些因帮助老人而陷入麻烦的好心人,设立了国内首个扶老人风险基金。
近年来,好心人向老人伸出援手(good Samaritans go to the aid of an elderly person)却被诬陷为致使老人出事的罪魁祸首,结果反遭起诉索赔(be sued for compensation)的事件屡见报端。老人向好心人讹钱的可耻行为(scandalous behavior of elderly people extorting money from good Samaritans)给社会带来了极其不良的影响,使人们不再愿意帮助他人(make people reluctant to help others)。
如今,"扶老人风险基金(risk fund for those who help the elderly)"能为搀扶者提供良好的保护,该基金旨在鼓励大众向那些需要帮助的人伸出援手(encourage the public to extend a helping hand to people in need)。首期基金(initial fund)金额为20万元,基金时效至2020年底。任何遇上麻烦的"扶老人者"均可拨打热线电话(call the hotline),该慈善组织将派工作人员为好心人进行调查取证(investigate the incident and collect evidence),并无偿提供法律援助(provide free legal aid)、医药费(medical expense)垫付和代为赔偿服务,为搀扶老人带来的风险兜底。
专家表示,尽管人们对第三方保护措施表示欢迎,全社会都应培养责任感和诚信意识(the whole society should cultivate a sense of duty and integrity),避免冤枉好心人(avoid doing wrong to good Samaritans)。此外,政府还应完善相关法律法规(laws and regulations should be improved),以保护那些乐于伸出援手的搀扶者。
收费公路债券 toll road bond
China will issue local toll road bonds this year to standardize local government's financing for toll roads, according to an official statement released by the Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Transport on Wednesday.
根据财政部、交通运输部12日发布的一份官方文件,今年我国将发行地方收费公路债券,以规范地方政府的收费公路融资行为。
根据财政部、交通运输部印发的《地方政府收费公路专项债券管理办法(试行)》,地方政府收费公路(toll road, tollway)专项债券是地方政府专项债券的一个品种,是指地方政府为发展政府收费公路举借,以项目对应并纳入政府性基金预算管理的车辆通行费收入、专项收入偿还的专项债券(special-purpose bond)。
过去地方发展收费公路主要有两种模式,一种是由社会投资者运用BOT(build-operate-transfer,建设-经营-转让)等经营性模式建设,另一种是由县级以上交通运输部门采用"贷款修路、收费还贷(borrow loans from banks for road construction and pay back the loans with toll collections)"模式建设。随着地方原有各类交通融资平台的政府融资功能被取消,发行地方政府债券(local government bond)成为地方政府实施债务融资新建公路的唯一渠道(the only debt-financing channel for new road construction)。政府收费公路(government-operated toll road)"贷款修路、收费还贷"模式需要相应调整,改为政府发行专项债券方式筹措建设资金。
此次发布的试行办法明确,收费公路专项债券资金专项用于政府收费公路项目建设,优先用于国家高速公路项目建设,重点支持"一带一路"(Belt and Road Initiative)、京津冀协同发展(coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region)、长江经济带(Yangtze River Economic Belt)三大战略规划的政府收费公路项目建设。
无人超市 unmanned supermarket
Domestic e-commerce giant Alibaba opened two grocery stores with no cashiers in Hangzhou recently, following the example of Amazon, which opened its first unmanned supermarket AmazonGo in the US last year.
去年,亚马逊在美国开设其首家无人超市AmazonGo。近日国内电子商务巨头阿里巴巴效仿亚马逊,在杭州开设了两家没有收银员的杂货店。
近日,阿里巴巴在杭州开设了两家无人超市(unmanned supermarket)。这两家无人超市采用了生物识别(biological recognition)和深度学习(in-depth learning)等先进的数字支付技术(advanced digital payment technology)。顾客需要有一个支付宝账户(Alipay account),离开店铺时购物消费将从其账户上自动扣除(the payment for their purchases are automatically deducted from their account)。生物识别技术将可帮助无人超市识别出盗窃者和信用记录较差的消费者(consumer with poor credit records)。
无人超市是有望推动零售业发展的一次革新(an innovation that is expected to promote the development of the retail industry)。它将线上服务与线下服务的优势相结合(combine the advantages of online and offline service),创造了零售业的新模式(create a new model for the retail industry),旨在为人们提供更方便高效的购物体验(offer people a more convenient and efficient shopping experience)。
在业内人士看来,无人超市符合零售业日趋多元化、科技化、时尚化的大趋势,但其发展也面临着不少痛点。首先中国没有自助购物(self-help shopping)的消费习惯,无人店的货品丢失率、设备耗损率、店内卫生等都需要考虑在内。此外,目前想要进入大部分无人店,消费者第一步需要通过微信或支付宝验证身份(verify their identity)。在人口老龄化(aging population)日趋严重的今天,这给年长的消费者顺利使用无人便利店(convenience store)设置了不低的门槛。
鄙视链 chain of contempt
Based on the quality, diversity and price of animated series, a so-called "chain of contempt" analysis of the sector went viral on social media. The pyramid-shaped graphic lists Chinese and foreign animation programs in three layers according to popularity.
根据质量、多样性以及价格等因素排列的动画片“鄙视链”在社交媒体疯传。这个金字塔型的鄙视链根据动画片的受欢迎程度将国产和外国动画片分为三个层级。
At the top are the most popular cartoons that are not translated into Chinese yet, such as Adventure Time, Bob's Burgers and Bear Bernard. These are followed by cartoons imported from the United States, Europe, South Korea and Japan, including Walt Disney animations, SpongeBob SquarePants and Thomas the Tank Engine & Friends. The Chinese series Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf, Boonie Bears and GG Bond ranked at the bottom of the pyramid.
位于金字塔尖的是《探险活宝》、《开心汉堡店》、《倒霉熊》等最流行、还没有中文版的动画片,紧随其后的是《迪士尼》、《海绵宝宝》、《托马斯小火车》等从欧美、日韩等地引进的动画片,《喜羊羊》、《熊出没》、《猪猪侠》等国产动画片排在塔底。
“鄙视链”(chain of contempt)一词最早见于南方都市报2017年4月7日深圳杂志“城市周刊”专题:“在鄙视已经变得公然、无畏、无所顾忌的当下,似乎不鄙视无以证明自己的优秀、高端与成功。你鄙视我,我鄙视他,鄙视食物链将消弭的等级制度再次建构,竖中指、翻白眼就是隔开自恋、自卑的‘宫墙’。”
如果用英语来表达的话,chain of contempt is a somewhat linear sequence of links, where each link feels superior to its next link and consequently shows contempt toward it(鄙视链从某种意义上说就是不同事物间的线性排列,该序列上的每个事物都觉得自己比排在后面的事物更高端,因此对其表现出鄙视的态度)。
Contempt表示“轻视、蔑视,(对规则等)藐视、不顾”的意思,常用的搭配有have contempt for someone/something(鄙视某人/某事),如果有人在法庭上大吵大闹,法官就可能会以“藐视法庭罪”(contempt of court)对其进行判罚。
滩长制 coast chief
Zhejiang province is to appoint coast chiefs to fight pollution and illegal fishing.
浙江省将推行滩长制来治理污染和非法捕鱼。
The provincial government said that the arrangement will take effect on August 7 and by the end of this year all coasts in Zhejiang should have their chiefs.
浙江省政府表示,滩长制将从8月7日开始实施,到今年年底,省内所有海滩都将实现滩长全覆盖。
滩长(coast chief)的主要任务包括全面取缔海滩违禁渔具、“三无”渔船(imposing a comprehensive ban on illegal fishing gears and unlicensed fishing boats),加强入海排污口和农药清滩行为监管(strengthening supervision on waste and pesticide discharged into the sea),加强非法占用海滩( illegal use of coasts)、非法修、造、拆船舶监管(illegal ship building, repairing and recycling),加强岸线管理和整治修复(shoreline management and renovation)。
浙江省海洋与渔业局相关负责人表示,海滩管理涉及海洋资源保护(marine resources conservation)、海陆水环境治理(land and sea water environment management)、海滩使用管理等,是一项范围广、领域多、变动大的复杂的系统工程。
职务犯罪 work-related crime
A total of 30,538 Chinese officials were investigated for work-related crimes in the first half of 2017, according to a seminar for chief procurators on Wednesday.
12日,全国大检察官研讨班会议表示,今年上半年,全国立案侦查职务犯罪人数达30538人。
职务犯罪(work-related crime/duty crime)是指国家机关、国有公司、企业事业单位、人民团体工作人员利用已有职权,贪污(corruption)、贿赂(bribery)、徇私舞弊(playing favoritism and committing irregularities)、滥用职权(abusing authority)、玩忽职守(dereliction of duty),侵犯公民权利(infringing civil rights),破坏国家对公务活动的规章规范,依照刑法应当予以刑事处罚的犯罪。
今年1到6月,除北京、山西、浙江三个试点地区外,其他29个省份立案侦查贪污贿赂、渎职侵权等职务犯罪30538人,同比上升19.6%。其中原县处级干部(officials on county level)1505人、原厅局级干(officials on bureau level)224人。
在扶贫领域查处职务犯罪(duty crimes in poverty alleviation work)1650人,同比上升81.7%;突出查处重大责任事故背后的职务犯罪(work-related crimes that led to accidents with serious consequences)495人。在职务犯罪国际追逃追赃专项工作(campaign to hunt down fleeing fugitives implicated in duty-related crimes)方面,已有39个国家和地区遣返、劝返外逃职务犯罪嫌疑人(suspects who were repatriated or persuaded to return to China)174人,其中“百名红通人员”28人。
共享床铺 shared sleep cabin
Following shared bikes, shared umbrellas and shared chargers, the sharing economy has welcomed a new player:shared sleep cabins, although its future looks uncertain.
继共享单车、共享雨伞、共享充电器之后,共享经济又迎来了一个新模式:共享床铺,不过,该模式前景尚不明朗。
“共享床铺”(shared sleep cabin)是一个长约2米、宽约1米的外形类似太空舱的睡眠舱(sleep capsule),正确的叫法是“共享自助休息舱”,舱内可调节灯光,还配备USB接口、充电口、免费Wi-Fi、插座等,有小型换气扇,但没有空调。
用户可通过扫描二维码(scan a QR code),打开舱门,点击“解锁舱门”可以暂时离开也可以结束入住,一次性寝具(disposable bedding kit)(包括太空毯blanket、一次性床单bedsheet、一次性枕巾pillow cover 、湿纸巾wet tissue)等均由租客自取。
在北京、上海和成都试运行一段时间后,三地的体验店于7月18日关停进行技术整改(technical overhaul),“享睡空间”总负责人代建功表示,借这个关门的时机,把系统升级了,身份认证和支付系统也完善一下(improve the ID verification and payment system),也跟主管部门进一步沟通。如果不能让消费者满意,也不能达到政府的监管要求,肯定不会正式大规模地推出这个产品。
合拍片 co-production
China Central Television (CCTV) has announced a deal with toy manufacturer Hasbro to produce an animation featuring the Transformers together with the Chinese mythological character, Nezha.
中国中央电视台宣布与美国玩具制造商孩之宝达成合作协议,将制作以变形金刚和中国神话人物哪吒为主角的动画片。
“合拍片”在英语里通常都用co-production来表示,此次制作将中国的神话人物哪吒与美国的流行文化形象变形金刚相结合,其实也可以叫做crossover,即“两种不同风格的混合、融合”。
The Beijinger网站在报道这个资讯的时候就是这样说的:
You've enjoyed them separately but battling robots and Chinese mythology will finally meet-up in the ultimate crossover as state broadcaster CCTV and toy maker Hasbro have agreed to collaborate on a cartoon that will feature the Transformers and Nezha, a popular Chinese mythological character.
哪吒和变形金刚你都喜欢,不过现在,骁勇善战的汽车人和中国的神话人物哪吒终于要在一部终极融合大戏中碰面了。中央电视台和玩具制造商孩之宝已经达成协议要共同制作一部以变形金刚和中国神话人物哪吒的动画片。
双方就制作规格(production standards)、播出时间(air date)、知识产权归属(IP ownership)、法律事务(legal affairs)等方面达成共识。双方还表示,期待建立更加稳固的战略合作伙伴关系(strategic partnership),深度挖掘经典动画IP的品牌价值(explore brand value of classic cartoons),进一步激发既有动画IP的品牌活力(further stimulate vitality of existing cartoons)。
中印边境 China-India border
The Ministry of Defense has demanded India immediately withdraw its military from Chinese territory, warning its leaders not to leave things to luck or have unrealistic expectations.
国防部要求印方立即将越界的边防人员撤回,提醒印方,不要心存侥幸,不要抱着不切实际的幻想。
6月中旬,中方在洞朗地区道路施工(road construction at Doklam area)时,遭到印军越线阻拦。洞朗地区是中国领土,中方在自己领土上进行正常的修路活动,这是中国的主权行为,完全正当合法。印方公然派军队越过双方承认的边界线进入中国境内(the Indian military crossed the mutually recognized section of the China-India border),其行为严重损害中国主权、严重违反了国际法基本准则(India's actions had severely infringed China's sovereignty and the basic principles of international laws)。
吴谦表示,中方捍卫国家领土主权的决心和意志坚定不移,将不惜一切代价维护自己的领土主权和安全利益(China will resolutely protect its territorial sovereignty, and will spare no effort in maintaining its sovereignty and security interests)。中国边防部队已在现地采取紧急应对措施,并将进一步加强针对性部署和训练(Chinese border troops have begun emergency measures, and will strengthen specific training and deployment)。
他提醒印方,不要心存侥幸,不要抱着不切实际的幻想。中国人民解放军建军90年的历史证明了一点,那就是我们捍卫国家主权和领土完整的能力手段不断增强,决心意志坚定不移(The People's Liberation Army's 90 years of history is testimony to China's capabilities in protecting its sovereignty and its unshakable resolve)。撼山易,撼解放军难(It might be easier to shake the mountains than shake the PLA)。
悬挂式单轨列车 mounted monorail train
Chinese rail car manufacturer CRRC Qingdao Sifang has unveiled a prototype of a mounted monorail train with a maximum operating speed of 70 kilometers per hour, the fastest of its kind in China.
国内最高速的悬挂式单轨列车日前在青岛中车四方下线,最高运行时速为70公里。
悬挂式单轨列车(mounted monorail train),又被称为空轨或空中列车(sky train),是一种轻型、中速、中运量、低成本的新型公共交通方式(new mode of transportation featuring light weight, moderate speed, medium capacity and low manufacturing cost)。
这款悬挂式单轨车辆爬坡能力强(strong climbing ability),最大爬坡能力达到100‰(列车前行1000米后高度上升100米),是普通地铁车辆爬坡能力三倍以上,可在地形崎岖陡峭的山区灵活运行,并保证具有较高安全性和舒适度,载客量(passenger capacity)可达到300至510余人。
悬挂式单轨列车的轨道在车的正上方,行驶中既不受雨雪天气影响,也不会有脱轨风险,列车有多种主被动安全装置,如全车监控系统(whole-train monitoring system)、蓄电池救援(battery rescue)和联挂救援(coupling rescue)等。
另外,悬挂式单轨列车轨道曲线半径小,占用地面空间少,拆迁工程量可显著降低,节约成本投入,仅为地铁成本的三分之一。相对于地面有轨电车(tram),悬挂车避开了与地面车辆混行问题,具有安全、准点、载客能力强等优势(advantage of safety, punctuality and high passenger capacity)。
现代医院管理制度 modern hospital management system
China should establish a "modern hospital management system" that adheres to putting people's health at the center and adheres to the nonprofit nature of public hospitals and putting the public's interest as a priority, the guideline said.
《意见》指出,我国应建立一个以人民健康为中心、坚持公立医院的公益性、把社会效益放在首位的现代医院管理制度。
《意见》指出,现代医院管理制度(modern hospital management system)是中国特色基本医疗卫生制度(basic medical and healthcare system with Chinese characteristics)的重要组成部分。建立现代医院管理制度,要坚持以人民健康为中心,坚持公立医院的公益性,坚持政事分开(government functions separated from institution functions)、管办分开(supervision separated from day-to-day operations),坚持分类指导,鼓励探索创新,把社会效益放在首位,实行所有权与经营权分离,实现医院治理体系和管理能力现代化(modernization of hospital management system and capability)。
《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出:加快公立医院改革。鼓励社会办医,优先支持举办非营利性医疗机构。允许医师多点执业,允许民办医疗机构纳入医保定点范围(Speed the reform of public hospitals. Encourage private investment in the medical sector and prioritize supporting nonprofit hospitals run by private investors. Allow doctors to have a license to work in more than one hospital. Allow medical insurance to cover private hospitals)。
今年的《政府工作报告》中也对公立医院改革提出了具体要求:深化医疗、医保、医药联动改革。全面推开公立医院综合改革,全部取消药品加成,协调推进医疗价格、人事薪酬、药品流通、医保支付方式等改革(We will deepen the coordinated reform of medical services, health insurance, and the medicine industry. We will introduce overall reform in public hospitals nationwide, abolish all markups on pharmaceuticals, and make coordinated progress in reforming health care pricing, staffing and remuneration, medicine distribution, and models of health insurance payment)。
富豪消费价格指数 Luxury Consumer Price Index
Luxury Consumer Price Index (LCPI) in China saw an accumulated rise of 81.7 percent over the past 10 years, more than doubling the growth rate of nationwide Consumer Price Index (CPI), according to a Hurun report released on Wednesday.
26日胡润研究院发布的一份报告显示,过去十年,我国富豪消费价格指数累计上涨了81.7%,是消费者价格指数(CPI)涨幅的两倍多。
富豪消费价格指数(Luxury Consumer Price Index,LCPI)是度量富豪生活消费品价格水平随着时间变动的相对数,综合反映富豪购买的生活消费品价格水平的变动情况(change in the prices paid by luxury consumers for luxury goods and services)。2017富豪消费价格指数涵盖富豪生活消费的房产(property)、健康(healthcare)、教育(education)、旅游(travel)等11 大类,116个与高品质生活方式相关的商品价格,对比了它们在今年6月与去年6月的市场价格。
从品类来看,豪宅(luxury property)价格继去年上涨13%之后今年依然达到各品类最高涨幅,达16.6%。休闲生活(leisure entertainment)继去年回升一个百分点之后,总体上涨6.1%。游艇和飞机(yachts and jets)继去年回升一个百分点之后,今年扩大涨幅,上涨4.4%。高档烟酒(high-end liquor and tobacco)价格连续两年下降之后,今年回升2.6%。名校教育(top school education)的价格持续十一年上涨,但今年涨幅不明显,只有1.2%。手表和珠宝(watch and jewelry)继去年整体上涨3.9%之后今年小幅上涨1.1%。高档汽车(luxury car)价格连续两年下降之后,今年回升1%。奢侈品配饰和护肤品(luxury accessories and cosmetic products)价格继去年总体上升2.9%之后今年几乎无变化,涨幅为0.2%。婚庆和健康品类(wedding and healthcare products)首次下降,降幅分别为3.6%和3.5%。奢华旅游(luxury travel)继去年上涨5%之后,今年小幅下降0.9%。
灰犀牛 grey rhino
“灰犀牛”(grey rhino)这一概念是由美国学者、古根海姆学者奖得主米歇尔•渥克(Michele Wucker)于2013年1月在达沃斯全球论坛上提出的,在她所著的《灰犀牛:如何应对大概率危机(The Gray Rhino: How to Recognise and Act on the Obvious Dangers We Ignore)》一书中,她提出,“灰犀牛就是指概率极大、冲击力极强却被忽视的风险(a highly probable, high impact yet neglected threat):一个我们应该意识到的风险,就像是一头两吨重的犀牛,把牛角对准我们全速向我们攻击”。
比黑天鹅更可怕的“灰犀牛”到底是啥?
Grey rhinos are not random surprises, but problems that break out after a series of warnings and visible evidence. When the grey rhino attacks, its power is explosive and unstoppable.
灰犀牛不是随机的突发事件,而是一系列预警和明显征兆之后爆发出来的问题。灰犀牛袭击时,极具爆发力,且不可阻挡。
米歇尔•渥克曾经在采访中给出的一个典型的忽视灰犀牛的例子就是柯达。
Kodak had ignored the unstoppable trend of digital photography and was too focused on its existing business. As a result, it missed the opportunity of being good at making what was about to come next.
柯达忽视了数码摄影技术不可阻挡的潮流,而一心专注于现有业务。结果,他们错过了在新技术领域脱颖而出的机会。
那么,中国面临的“灰犀牛”是什么呢?
2017年7月27日,国务院资讯办资讯发布厅举行资讯发布会,请中央财经领导小组办公室副主任杨伟民和发展改革委、统计局有关负责同志介绍当前经济形势,并答记者问。
中央财经领导小组办公室经济一局局长王志军对中国面临的“灰犀牛”风险做了解释:
对存在的“灰犀牛”风险隐患,如影子银行(shadow banking)、房地产泡沫(housing market bubble)、国有企业高杠杆(high leverage ratio of the State-owned enterprises)、地方债务(local debt)、违法违规集资(illegal fund-raising)等问题,要摸清情况,区分轻重缓急和影响程度,突出重点,采取有效措施,妥善加以解决。
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