今后,大家通过支付宝和微信支付等第三方支付机构完成的交易都将受到央行严格监管。根据央行要求,目前,已有20余家支付机构和银行完成了接入网联平台的工作。
More than 20 payment institutions and banks have connected to a unified clearing platform set up by Payment & Clearing Association of China.
已有20余家支付机构和银行接入由中国支付清算协会成立的统一清算平台。
网联全称“网联清算有限公司”(China Nets Union Clearing Corporation),是一个线上支付统一清算平台(unified clearing platform for online payment),在央行指导下,由中国支付清算协会(Payment & Clearing Association of China)组织支付机构成立,用以处理由非银行支付机构发起的、与银行交互的支付业务,按照“共建、共有、共享”原则(under the principle of joint set-up,ownership and sharing)共同发起筹建。网联平台的上线运行,为支付机构提供了统一、公共的支付清算服务。
网联清算有限公司注册资金(registered capital)20亿元,股东总数45家(45 shareholders),“央行系”为第一大股东,7家有央行或外管局背景的股东合计持股37%,其中38家为第三方支付机构(third-party payment institutions)。
今年8月4日,央行支付结算司印发了《中国人民银行支付结算司关于将非银行支付机构网络支付业务由直连模式迁移至网联平台处理的通知》,要求各银行和支付机构应于2017年10月15日前完成接入网联平台和业务迁移相关准备工作(complete preparation of connecting to the unified platform)。自2018年6月30日起,支付机构受理涉及银行账户的网络支付业务(all online payment involved bank accounts)全部通过网联平台处理。首批接入的财付通和支付宝都已率先启动了业务切量。按照计划,10月份将完成200多家银行对网联的接入,年底前完成40家支付公司的接入。
在网联诞生之前,第三方支付机构都是采用直连模式与银行对接(third-party payment institutions are directly connected to banks)。直连模式绕开了央行的清算系统(bypass the central bank’s clearing system),使银行、央行无法掌握具体交易信息,无法掌握准确的资金流向。网联平台的目的即提高支付机构的清算效率(improve clearing efficiency)、交易留痕(reocrd transactions)、资金可追溯(make capital flow traceable)、风险可控(control risk)。
关注:网联现有技术能扛住“双11”吗?
9月26日凌晨3点至6点,网联平台与中国工商银行、中国农业银行、中国银行、中国建设银行、交通银行、招商银行以及支付宝等全国交易量最大的商业银行和支付机构(high-volume domestic payment service operators),针对高发支付交易场景开展了联合生产压力测试(combined stress test)。
压力测试共进行了3轮,网联平台压测峰值超过2万TPS(transactions per second,每秒交易数量),网联和直连渠道混合压测峰值超过3.5万TPS。网联方面表示,在本次测试中,各商业银行提供给网联渠道的处理能力均不低于“双11”目标值的50%(test targeted at least 50 percent of the transaction value of Nov 11)。网联的目标容量是每秒处理12万笔的平稳运行能力(stable capacity of 120,000 TPS),峰值期的目标是每秒18万笔(capacity of 180,000 TPS in peak intervals)。
经过此次压力测试,业内人士认为,网联现在的技术肯定能扛住“双11”的支付量。
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