丑闻频出促使金融业加强监管

Several high-profile scandals for banks ranging from JPMorgan’s hefty trading loss to UBS’s rogue trader have sparked a regulatory drive to force lenders to spend more time and probably hold more capital guarding against such operational risks.

从摩根大通(JPMorgan)的巨额交易亏损到瑞银(UBS)的魔鬼交易员事件，几起影响极大的银行丑闻的爆发，促使监管机构行动起来，命令各银行为了防范此类操作风险而投入更多时间，可能也要预留出更多的资本金。

Both the Financial Stability Board, the global banking regulator, and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, which sets global capital rules, have recently announced plans to tackle the issue next year as part of efforts to make the world’s biggest banks safer.

全球银行监管机构金融稳定委员会(FSB)，和制定全球银行业资本规则的巴塞尔银行监管委员会(BCBS)，最近都公布了明年将实施的旨在解决上述问题的方案，努力增加全球大银行的安全性。

Operational risk covers almost any problem – bar trading losses, bad loans and legal cases – that could damage a bank, such as the weeks of computer problems at Royal Bank of Scotland. The “London whale trading scandal at JPMorgan cost the bank more than $6bn in losses and unauthorised trading by Kweku Adoboli led to losses of $2.3bn at UBS. In Britain, the payment protection insurance debacle has cost the UK industry more than ￡10bn.

操作风险几乎涵盖任何问题，比如巨额交易亏损、不良贷款和法律案件，可能严重损害一家银行，例如苏格兰皇家银行(RBS)曾发生的长达几周的计算机故障。“伦敦鲸(London Whale)交易丑闻令摩根大通亏损逾60亿美元，而奎库·阿多博利(Kweku Adoboli)的未授权交易导致瑞银亏损23亿美元。在英国，支付保护险(payment protection insurance)的惨败使整个银行业损失逾100亿英镑。

Regulators are particularly concerned that banks may not have enough capital to cover losses from operational risk and may not be doing enough to tackle potential problems, when many are slashing back-office staff and IT expenditure.

尤其令监管机构担忧的是，银行可能没有足够的资本金来填补操作风险造成的亏损，并且目前在化解潜在问题上可能做得不够，因为许多银行都在大幅削减后台部门员工数量和IT开支。

“Banks are trying to do more with less, so you can see that the risk is very much growing, said Julie Dickson, the top Canadian regulator who has helped lead the charge at the FSB.

加拿大最高金融业监管官员朱莉·迪克森(Julie Dickson)表示：“银行都企图少花钱多办事，所以你可以看到，风险上升得很快。迪克森参与领导了金融稳定委员会加强监管的举动。

“This is about a lot more than capital. It is about what your operational risk group does on a day-to-day basis.

“这绝不仅仅是资本金的事。它关系到银行的操作风险管理团队每天应当履行什么职责。