宾语: 又称受词,是指一个动作(动词)的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类,其中直接宾语(经常指被做的人)
宾语:
又称受词,是指一个动作(动词)的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类,其中直接宾语(经常指被做的人)指动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作的非直接,但受动作影响的对象。一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语。
(1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁或者是“何物。如:The angel also came to Joseph and toldhimthe same thing.(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) /He told me that the company could not affordto pay him so much money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。) (不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons. (他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。) (动名词作宾语) /I thinkto be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。) (从句作宾语)
(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listentothe radio.(listen不是及物动词,故加to。) /Can youhearanythingexciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗?)
(3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如:Whatdid he see?(他看见了什么?)/Whatdoes he write a letter with?(他用什么写的信?)/ Withwhatdoes he write a letter?(他用什么写的信?)
(4)“动词+副词+宾语结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动“副之间。如:Please putthe shoesaway.(请把鞋子收起来。)/ Please put awaythe shoes.(请把鞋子收起来。)/ Please putthemaway.(请把它们收起来。)
(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构:
①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如:He often givesmesome help.(他常常帮我。)
②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如:Please makemea kite.(请给我做个风筝。)或Please makea kiteforme.
(6) 在“动词+宾语+宾补结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如:I foundthe jobrather difficult.(我发觉这个工作相当难做。)/ I founditrather difficultto do the job.
(7) 宾语可以由从句充当 ,详见“宾语从句。
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