在现代汉语中,量词的表示法非常多,不同的名词必须用不同的量词来修饰,以表示人或事物的单位。英语中的量词表示法也是十分丰富的,本文就常见的汉语量词“一群”为例,做一个初步的分析。
汉语中,“一群”的含义为“聚在一起的人或物”。而在英语中,“一群”的表示法却十分讲究且各有褒贬,在1、表示中性或褒义的“一群”的量词有:
(1) crowd 此词是英语中表示“一群”最基本的词,指一群聚集起来的,无组织的,拥挤的人群。例如:
a crowd of schoolboys/applicants/audience/women
A big crowd of boys and girls went to watch the basketball match.
(2) group 是个多功能的词,几乎可以表示所有的群众概念。但修饰人时,通常指一群因公共利益,目的或任务而结合在一起的人。从数量上讲,一般小于crowd所表示的“一群”,而且无拥挤之意。例如:
a group of actors/girls/the teachers
The young engineer is talking to a group of workers.
(3) troop 通常指聚在一起活动的,生气勃勃的一群人。例如:
a troop of demonstrators/shoppers/visitors/boyscoutsA troop of welcomers are standing on both sides of the street to welcome the new mayor.
(4) bevy 特指女性的“一群”,有时指鸟类,尤指鹌鹑或云雀。例如:
a bevy of actresses/girls/quailsOn the stage, there is a bevy of actresses singing and dancing.
2、表示贬义的“一群”的量词有:
(1) mob通常指一群企图采用暴力行动的无组织的人群。例如:
A mob of rioters(暴徒)/slaves/angry people
A mob of blackguards(恶棍)burst into the old man’s shop and robbed all the things away.
(2) horde原意指游牧部落,指人群时常含有轻蔑色彩。例如:
a horde of lazy-bones/swindlers(诈骗犯)/hooligans(流氓)
A horde of lazy-bones huddled together doing nothing.(3) band 通常指在某人指挥下为共同目标而一起做事的一群人。例如:
a band of robbers/gangsters(匪徒)/thieves/outlaws(武装歹徒)
The policemen are trying to catch a band of thieves.
(4) gang 通常指在一起工作的人群,尤指奴隶,犯人或为干坏事而结成团伙的人。例如:
a gang of slaves/criminals/prisoners
The judge sentenced a gang of criminals to death.
(二) 与动物有关的“一群”
(1) flock 一词通常指动物的自然类群,如飞鸟,家禽,牲畜等。例如:
a flock of hens/goats/swallows/wild geese(大雁)
A flock of hens are pecking in the field.
(2) herd 通常指一起吃食或行走的大动物的群体,尤指牛群。例如:
a herd of cattle/elephants/horses/swans
A herd of swans are swimming freely in the lake.
(3) pack 一词通常指一群一起追猎的食肉动物,有时也指飞禽。例如:
a pack of wolves/grouse(松鸡)/hounds(猎犬)
A pack of greedy wolves tried to find some food to eat.
(4) swarm, cluster通常指昆虫类的一群,而swarm尤指蜂群。cluster除了有“一群”之意外,还有“一串”“一束”等意。例如:
a swarm of bees/mosquitoes
a cluster of butterflies/grapes/berries
A cluster of butterflies are dancing in the air.
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