考研英语考试大纲对 考研英语 英语中,常见的五种基本句型:
(1)主语+谓语(谓语为不及物动词)
(2)主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+宾语
(3)主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
(4)主语+谓语(谓语为及物动词)+直接宾语+间接宾语
(5)主语+系动词+表语
在考研英语 一、应抓住考研英语长难句的拆分点
(1)要明确拆分的目的
把英语长难句拆分的目的是把主句和从句拆分开来,把主干部分和修饰部分拆分开来,理清句子结构。
(2)英语句子的拆分点
1)标点符号
标点符号是英语句子当中最为明显的切分标志,有几个典型的标点符号可以帮助我们迅速切分句子的意群。比如说双逗号、破折号、冒号、分号等。譬如,如果双逗号之间是介词短语或者是副词短语、或者双逗号前后是被分开的主谓结构,这时双逗号之间往往是插入语的成分,也就是说,读句子时为了把握住主干结构,可以先跳过这个成分,从而提高结构拆分的速度。破折号、冒号后面一般都是解释说明的部分,它们可以成为句子的拆分点。分号相当于and 把句子分成并列的意群,也是很好的拆分点。考生在读句子时应首先看看有没有这样的标点符号,从而更好地断句。
2)并列连词
考生一定搞清 and,or,but,yet,for 等都是并列连词,是并列句的拆分:点,这些并列连词连接的是并列句。
3)从属连词
考生一定要清楚从属连词引导从句,是主从复合句的拆分点。状语从句的连接词有:when,as,since,until,before,after,where,because,though,although,so that等;名词性从句连接词有:that,whether/if,who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,when,where,how,why等;定语从句的连接词有:who,which,that,whom,whose,when,why,where等。
4)动词不定式和分词
不定式结构(to do)常常构成不定式短语,可以用来做定语或者状语,可以是拆分点;分词包括现在分词和过去分词,常常用来构成分词短语做定语或者状语等修饰语,也可以是拆分点。
5)介词短语
由on,in,with,at,of,to 等介词构成的介词短语可以用来做定语或者状语等修饰语,所以它们也是理解英语句子的拆分点。
以上这些“信号词”在拆分英语句子时可能断开的地方,但并不是绝对的。它们有助于我们看清句子结构,进而更好地理解英语原文。但是,在拆分长难句的过程中,最好不要把单独的一个英语单词拆分出来,基础好的同学可以不用过细地拆分。
二、考研英语真题中长难句拆分与表达的示例
This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
(1)句子拆分
拆分点:从属连词、介词、标点符号
This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.
(2)句子结构
找谓语动词(began,came,wants,cannot be foreseen)
↓
找连词(when,that)
↓
前面没有从属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词
↓
确定主从句
主句:This trend began during the Second World War;
从句:定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War,本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
(3)解析
during the Second World War介词短语做状语;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定语修饰the Second World War;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位语从句修饰conclusion;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
(4)本句的参考译文
这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府得出结论:政府向科研机构提出的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
总之,只要考生对句子结构有个透彻的理解,弄清句子的各个成分,并可以借助连词、介词、非谓语动词等手段把句子由简单变得复杂,由复杂变得简单,这样句子结构分析技能提高了,长难句也就攻克了,考研
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