pay the bill.The gentleman asked __5__ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see __6__ he took out a letter and a million-pound bank note.I asked Mr.Clements __7__ it was genuine.Mr.Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year.He thought __8__ the gentleman showed them couldn't be a fake.__9__ a gentleman with a million-pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldn't describe __10__ excited I was.
答案 1.who [who引导宾语从句，作从句中的表语。] 2.why [why引导宾语从句。] 3.that [引导宾语从句，也可以省略。] 4.whether/if [引导宾语从句时，可以互换。] 5.whether/if [同4题解析。] 6.that [引导宾语从句，可以省略。] 7.whether/if [同4题解析。] 8.what [引导宾语从句且在从句中作宾语。] 9.Why [why引导主语从句。] 10.how [以感叹句作宾语从句。] Ⅲ.正反探究 1.【误】 All what he did was for you.
【正】 What he did was for you.
【正】 All that he did was for you.
解析 what 引导名词性从句，what 相当于 the thing that/the...that / all that 等，具体的意义要根据上下文确定。在名词性从句中，what 既有意义，又在从句中作一定的成分，而 that 无意义，且在从句中不作成分。 2.(1)【误】 They don't know if to go there.
【正】 They don't know whether to go there.
(2)【误】 It depends on if we have enough time.
【正】 It depends on whether we have enough time.
解析 与 to do 不定式连用或作介词宾语时，连接词一般用 whether，不用 if。 3.【误】 What we bought was some bananas.
【正】 What we bought were some bananas.
解析 what 引导的从句作主语时，若表示复数概念，谓语动词则用复数形式。
4.【误】 There's a fact that English is being accepted as an important language.
【正】 It's a fact that English is being accepted as an important language.
解析 It is a fact that...句型中，it 为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that 从句。it 不能换成 there。 5.【误】 He is late.That's why he got up late this morning.
【正】 He is late.That's because he got up
late this
morning.
解析 That's why...……的原因；That's because...那是因为……。此处起床晚是迟到的原因，故用 That's because...
Ⅳ.考点确认
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种。每一种从句都有自己的引导词，引导词都位于从句句首，且从句使用陈述语序。
一、名词性从句的引导词
引导词 用法 连词 that，whether，if等 均不在句子中作成分。that没有意义，引导宾语从句时可以省略；whether和if意为“是否”，在宾语从句中可互换使用，但在其他名词性从句中只用whether 连接 代词 what，who，whom，which，whatever，whoever，whichever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分 连接 副词 when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等 在从句中作状语 ①The trouble is that we are short of money. ②He hasn't decided whether he will go there. ③Do you know who has got the first prize？ ④What we need is more practice. ⑤Whoever has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising. ⑥When he will go abroad hasn't been decided yet. ⑦No one knew why he made such a mistake. 二、名词性从句的类别 1.主语从句
(1)主语从句多放在主句谓语动词前，构成：主语从句＋谓语动词＋其他
That he passed the driving test made us very happy.
Who will take over the company has not been decided yet.
(2)it作形式主语，常见的结构有： It＋be＋adj.＋that从句； It＋be＋名词(词组)＋that从句； It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句； It＋seem(appear，happen等不及物动词)＋that从句 It is certain that you will pass the college entrance exam. It is a pity that I missed the party held last night. It is reported that the accident was caused by carelessness. It seems that Alice is not coming to the party. 2.表语从句
(1)表语从句跟在系动词后，构成：主语＋系动词＋表语从句
The beautiful views and the friendly people are what new comers like in San Francisco.
(2)because引导表语从句强调原因，而why引导的表语从句强调结果。
I think it's because you're careless.
He was ill.That's why he was absent.
(3)The reason why从句＋be＋that从句 The reason why he was absent was that he was ill. (4)What从句＋be＋that从句 What comforted the young mother was that the baby came to life. (5)It looks/seems as if/as though从句 It looks as if it is going to rain. 3.宾语从句
(1)主语＋及物动词＋宾语从句
主语＋动词＋介词＋宾语从句
He often thinks of how he can make his class vivid and lively.
(2)it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。常用的谓语动词有：make，think，feel，find，consider等。
I find it important that we should keep calm in danger.
(3)有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语it。常见的有：like，dislike，hate，love，enjoy，appreciate，see to等。 I hate it when people speak with their mouth full. I would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch. (4)否定转移：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句若是否定的，就将否定词转移到主句谓语动词上，主句的主语必须是第一人称I，we。 I don't think your answers are right. I don't believe she will attend the meeting. 4.同位语从句
(1)跟在名词后，对名词的内容给予说明。常见的名词有fact，idea，news，truth，hope，doubt，suggestion，belief，evidence等。
The fact that she is good at English makes her the right person for the job.
I have a feeling that one day we will succeed.
(2)同位语从句与名词之间有时会出现插入成分，形成间隔性同位语从句。
Word came that our team had won the game.
三、whatever，whoever，whichever的用法 wh-ever引导名词性从句表示泛指，含有“任何……”之意，有时也表示疑问；而what，who，which则表示特指意义。 ①Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished. ②I believe whatever he told me. ③I believe what he told me. ④I don't know however he got the secret.
⊙怎么考 在语法填空及短文改错中考查：名词性从句的句法功能及连接词考查，侧重考查what，that，whether，who，how的考查。 ⊙怎么学 在平时的学习中，不死背语法条目，而在语境中认真体会，在理解句法功能的基础上，关注关连词的基本用法。 ⊙怎么解 在理解上下文的基础上，弄清连接词在从句中所作的成分；思考其语法特征和语义特征，注意区分意义相近的关系词。
Ⅰ.体验考向 1.(2017·浙江卷，6)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
A.what
B.who
C.that
D.whoever
答案 A [考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话，务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。分析句子结构可知，此处investigate后接了宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用what引导。who与whoever都可以作主语，但是不符合句意；that在名词性从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。]
2.(2017·重庆卷，8)We must find out ________ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.
A.when
B.how
C.where
D.why
答案 A [考查宾语从句。句意：我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知，要给Karl订房间，那么就要清楚他来这里的时间，故选when。]
3.(2017·四川卷，8)The exhibition tells us________we should do something to stop air pollution.
A.where
B.why
C.what
D.which
答案 B [考查宾语从句。句意：这个展览告诉了我们为什么我们要阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语，故选项C、D错误；where引导地点状语从句，不符合题意，故选B，表示“……的原因”。]
4.(2017·福建卷，29)—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
A.where
B.how
C.why
D.if
答案 B [考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：——我想知道玛丽这些年是如何保持了那么好的身材。——通过每天锻炼。根据回答by doing可知问的是方式。]
5.(2017·江苏卷，25)________ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.
A.That
B.Why
C.Where
D.How
答案 C [考查主语从句。句意：李白，一个伟大的中国诗人，其出生地是众所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它。“Where Li Bai...was born”作该句子的主语，表示“李白出生的地方”。]
6.(2017·重庆卷，12)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah，but I have no idea________he did it；that's one of his favorite universities.
A.when
B.why
C.that
D.how
答案 B [考查名词性从句。句意：——迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取通知是真的吗？——是的，但我不知道他这么做的原因，耶鲁大学是他最喜爱的大学之一。根据后面的that's one of his favorite universities可知这里指原因，故用why引导。]
7.(2017·湖南卷，24)As John Lennon once said，life is________happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.where
答案 C [考查名词性从句。句意：正如约翰·列侬所言，生活就是当你在忙于其他计划时发生在你身上的事情。题干设空处为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表“所……的事情”，故应用what引导，表泛指，符合语境。which在名词性从句中表“哪一个”，表特指，不符合语境。]
8.(2017·江苏卷，26)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame，mum. I am________you have made me.
A.how
B.what
C.that
D.who
答案 B [考查表语从句。句意：——这么乱啊！你总是这么懒！——妈妈，不怪我。我这么懒也是你惯出来的。在此选择的引导表语从句的连接词，又要作make的宾语补足语，只有what有这种双重作用。]
9.(2017·陕西卷，15)________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
A.Why
B.When
C.That
D.What
答案 B [考查主语从句。句意：延时航班何时起飞主要取决于天气。“the delayed flight will take off”不缺主语或者宾语，故排除D；that在主语从句中不作成分，不翻译；根据句意选B。]
10.(2017·北京卷，30)The best moment for the football star was________he scored the winning goal.
A.where
B.when
C.how
D.why
答案 B [考查名词性从句。句意：这位足球明星的最好时刻是当他进了制胜一球的时候。was后面是表语从句，由句意可知表语从句表达时间，因此选择when，意为“……的时候”。]
11.(2017·北京卷，33)Some people believe________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
A.whatever
B.whenever
C.wherever
D.however
答案 A [考查名词性从句。句意：有些人相信已经发生的或正在发生的任何事情将来都会重复发生。believe后面是宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，只能选择连接代词。]
12.(2017·福建卷，34)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing________you're afraid to do.
A.that
B.what
C.how
D.whether
答案 B [考查名词性从句。句意：振作起来，勇气就是做你害怕去做的事情。所选的连接词应该能够引导后面的宾语从句you're afraid to do，并且还要在从句中作do的宾语，that在从句中不作成分；how和whether都不能作do的宾语，故选what。]
13.(2017·天津卷，14)I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
A.what
B.that
C.which D.who
答案 A [考查名词性从句。句意：我认为，他的画让我印象深刻的是他使用的色彩。what在句中引导主语从句，又在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时不作成分，which哪一个，who谁，根据句意选A。]
14.(2017·山东卷，7)It is difficult for us to imagine________life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
A.where
B.what
C.which
D.why
答案 B [考查名词性从句。句意：我们很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子。动词imagine后接宾语从句，从句中缺少引导词，且要修饰名词life用what。what life什么样的生活，符合句意。]
15.(2017·大纲版全国卷，24)Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.
A.whether
B.why
C.when
D.how
答案 C [考查名词性从句。句意：土豆具体是在什么时候引进欧洲的还不确定，很可能是在1565年左右。根据but后面的意思可知，前半句要说的是时间，所以选C。]
Ⅱ.语境感悟 完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵短文，体会名词性从句连接词的用法。 I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today. This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew __1__ he was.We wondered __2__ he was so hungry.We were surprised __3__ he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We doubted __4__ the man was able to