题组层级快练(二十八)
Ⅰ.完形填空
Hot lava flows down a Hawaiian mountainside. Farther up the slope(斜坡), volcanologist Ken Hon picks his way slowly across the ___1___ surface. The hot lava is slippery to walk on. “It’s like walking on the ice,” Hon says. “But the bottom part of your boots starts to ___2___ a little. You’ll get burned ___3___ you fall.”
Hon plants his feet carefully and slowly. He’s ___4___ data on the lava flowing out of Kilauea, a volcano that has been erupting since 1983. ___5___ the lava’s movements can save lives on the slopes below. But Hon must be ___6___. New waves of lava are flowing down toward him. Every few minutes he looks up to see ___7___ the streams are and makes sure the ___8___ lava hasn’t cut off his escape route.
揑t抯 ___9___ out there,tt like the heat from an oven,” Hon says. “Up close, you have to wear firefighters’ gear(衣服) ___10___ the clothes you’re wearing don’t catch fire or melt.”
“Back in 1990, lava entered the town of Kalapana. The lava moved slowly but steadily,” Hon says. “We ___11___ evacuate (疏散) people from about 130 homes. The lava ___12___ forward and consumed all of the houses.” ___13___, everyone escaped. But today Kalapana is buried under 30 feet of lava.
Volcanoes aren’t ___14___ to Hon. They’re fascinating and exciting. “My ___15___ thing is to camp out at the edge of a lava lake. Sometimes I’ve had to sleep with a gas mask on.” Still, Hon knows how to keep ___16___ and knows when the lava is ___17___. “All of a sudden, it gets really bright inside your ___18___!” he says, laughing. But the ___19___ is worth it, because the more Hon and other scientists can ___20___ volcanoes, the safer they can keep the people who live around these powerful forces of nature.
1. A. rough
B. frozen
C. flat
D. calm
2. A. bend
B. melt
C. sink
D. fly
3. A. though
B. if
C. because
D. unless
4. A. exchanging
B. providing
C. collecting
D. sharing
5. A. Filming
B. Stopping
C. Knowing
D. Remembering
6. A. smart
B. creative
C. silent
D. careful
7. A. which
B. how
C. where
D. what
8. A. hardening
B. moving
C. amazing
D. cooling
9. A. hot
B. crowded
C. empty
D. powerful
10. A. so
B. while
C. but
D. or
11. A. ought to
B. had to
C. should
D. could
12. A. leaned
B. put
C. inched
D. looked
13. A. Strangely
B. Gradually
C. Hopefully
D. Fortunately
14. A. scary
B. interesting
C. similar
D. important
15. A. favorite
B. main
C. worrying
D. lucky
16. A. busy
B. safe
C. comfortable
D. quiet
17. A. different
B. distant
C. slow
D. close
18. A. bag
B. house
C. car
D. tent
19. A. change
B. view
C. danger
D. result
20. A. think of
B. talk about
C. hear of
D. learn about
答案与解析
【文章大意】
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一位火山学专家的故事。
1. 答案
A
解析
由Hot lava flows down及Ken Hon picks his way slowly可推断，这里是说“高低不平(rough)”的地面。
2. 答案
B
解析
由You’ll get burned可知，火山岩的温度很高，把鞋底“熔化”(melt)了。
3. 答案
B
解析
地面温度很高，“如果(if)”摔倒，就会烫伤。
4. 答案
C
解析
霍恩亲自来到火山现场，是为了“搜集(collecting)”数据。
5. 答案
C
解析
了解(Knowing)火山熔岩的活动规律可以拯救山下人们的生命。
6. 答案
D
解析
由New waves of lava are flowing down toward him可知，霍恩必须小心。
7. 答案
C
解析
由下文的makes sure the ... lava hasn’t cut off his escape route可知，霍恩是观察熔岩流向“哪里(where)”。
8. 答案
B
解析
由Every few minutes he looks up to see可知，这里是指“不断流动的(moving)”火山熔岩。
9. 答案
A
解析
由like the heat from an oven可知，火山熔岩很“热(hot)”。
10. 答案
A
解析
穿消防服的目的是为了防止自己的衣服着火或熔化，此处表示因果，用so。
11. 答案
B
解析
火山爆发，我们“不得不(had to)”把人们疏散。
12. 答案
C
解析
inch forward“缓慢移动”。
13. 答案
D
解析
由everyone escaped可知，这里应填Fortunately，表示“幸运”。
14. 答案
A
解析
由They’re fascinating and exciting可知，火山对霍恩来说并不可怕。
15. 答案
A
解析
由下文的he says, laughing可知，这是霍恩最喜欢的事情。
16. 答案
B
解析
由Sometimes I’ve had to sleep with a gas mask on可知，霍恩知道如何保障自身的安全。
17. 答案
D
解析
由it gets really bright inside your ...可知，这里是说霍恩知道什么时候火山熔岩离自己“近(close)”。
18. 答案
D
解析
由上文的camp out可知，这里说的是“帐篷(tent)”。
19. 答案
C
解析
火山逼近是件危险的事情(danger)。
20. 答案
D
解析
作为研究人员，对火山“了解(learn about)”越多，越能保证生活在火山附近的居民的安全。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2017·重庆高考适应性考试)Some colors that people see late at night could cause signs of the condition mental health experts call clinical depression (临床抑郁症). That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression.
Doctors use the words clinical depression to describe severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and thoughts of death.
In the new study, American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters (仓鼠) to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are active at night. The animals were separated into 4 groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their nighttime period. Another group was placed in blue light, a third group slept in white light. While a fourth was put in red light. After four weeks, the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the more depressed animals drank the least amount of water.
Randy Nelson, at Ohio State University, says animals that slept in blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed. 揥hat we saw is that these animals didn抰 show any sleep interruptions at all but they did have messed up circaeadian clock (生物钟) genes and they did show depressive evidence but if they were in the dim red light, they did not.” He says there’s a lot of blue in white light. This explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters see red light or darkness.
1. From the text we know that ________ made the hamsters feel depressed.
A. the amount of the water
B. the color of the light
C. the loss of pleasure
D. the level of energy
2. What was the purpose of the experiment on hamsters?
A. To show how well they slept.
B. To see how much sugary water they drank.
C. To explain why they liked dark colors.
D. To find out what caused the depression on them.
3. The author explains the clinical depression by ________.
A. reporting an experiment process
B. presenting research data
C. setting down general rules
D. giving his own experience
4. Where can we probably find the text?
A. In a science magazine.
B. In a physics textbook.
C. In a tourist guidebook.
D. In an official announcement.
答案与解析
【文章大意】
本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了晚上光线的颜色和临床抑郁症的密切关系。通过对一组仓鼠的试验，结果表明蓝色光和白色光是抑郁症的诱因；而红色光则与抑郁症的关系不密切。
1. 答案
B
解析
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的designed an experiment that exposed hamsters to different colors以及本段中关于不同颜色的光线对仓鼠影响的描述可知，光线的颜色导致仓鼠感到抑郁。故B项正确。
2. 答案
D
解析
细节理解题。根据本文最后一句可知，用仓鼠做实验的目的是弄清光线的颜色是否会导致抑郁症。故D项正确。
3. 答案
A
解析
写作手法题。根据第三段中叙述通过仓鼠进行试验以证明光线的颜色与抑郁症的关系可知，作者是通过报告实验过程来解释抑郁症的。故A项正确。
4. 答案
A
解析
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了抑郁症和光线的关系。研究表明，晚上所见到的光线的颜色和抑郁症有着密切的关系：蓝色光和白色光成为抑郁症的诱因。由此可知，这是一篇科普说明文，可能选自科技杂志。故A项正确。
(2017·重庆育才中学高三二模)
DELAYED BAGGAGE REPORT
PRINTED AT ALBANYN. Y, AIRPORT ON JULY 10, 2017 11:15 A.M.
Dear Valued Customer,
We regret that your baggage was not available to claim after your recent flight. Everything possible will be done to locate your property and return it to you promptly.
For information regarding your delayed baggage, contact the United Airlines Baggage Resolution Center at its 24 hour, seven days a week number:
1-800-335-BAGS (2247) (US-Toll Free)
281-821-3536 (Local Houston Number)
Or visit site: http: //www. united. com/for/bagtracing
As soon as you file your Delayed Baggage Report, United Airlines will begin to trace for your baggage system. Our Baggage Resolution staff will make every effort to call you once a day to keep you updated on our progress. Please refer to the File Reference Number on this receipt when corresponding or calling so that we can quickly access your records.
Keep this receipt with your claim check and E-Ticket receipt until your baggage is returned to you.
In most circumstances, United Airlines will deliver your baggage when it is located. Delivery times vary depending on location.
If your baggage has not been returned to you within the initial five-day tracing period, please download a claim form at http://www. united. com/web/en-US/content
/travel/baggage/delayed, aspx and return it to us with the required documentation included.
DELAYED BAGGAGE REPORT
FILE REFERENCE: ALBUA25876
Name JOHN
JACKSON Contact Number 802-247-9999 Email minminvt @ yahoo. com
Delivery Address 66 MOONBROOK DR
BRANDON
VERMONT USA 05745
Bag Tag 0037387643 0037387657
Description Soft-Side
Upright suitcase Non-Zippered, hard side horizontal suitcase
1. Where does the report most probably come from?
A. Suitcase Tracing Website.
B. Delivery Center of United Airlines.
C. Baggage Resolution Center.
D. Information Center of the Airport.
2. We can know from the receipt that delivery time of the delayed baggage depends on ________.
A. the baggage weight
B. weather
C. location
D. the flight number
3. What can we learn about John Jackson from the report?
A. He must have filed his Delayed Baggage Report already.
B. He couldn’t deal with his delayed baggage online until July 17, 2017.
C. He should call 802-247-9999 for the information about his delayed baggage.
D. He may not know anything about his delayed baggage during the first five days.
4. The main purpose of the passage is ________.
A. to tell passengers the news that their baggage was delayed
B. to provide information about the location of the delayed baggage
C. to inform the passengers of the time when the delayed baggage can be delivered
D. to instruct how to get back the delayed baggage
答案与解析
【文章大意】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了顾客如何从航空公司拿回自己的延误包裹的相关事宜。
1. 答案
C
解析
推理判断题。通过对文章的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的是如何处理机场延误包裹的问题，根据文章第二段中的For information ... at its 24 hour可推知，本文可能是Baggage Resolution Center发布的信息。故选C项。
2. 答案
C
解析
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句Delivery times vary depending on location.可知，寄送时间因地点不同而有所不同。故选C项。
3. 答案
A
解析
推理判断题。根据文章最后的一个单据可以推知，杰克逊已经提交了包裹延误的申请单据，因此才被在文中作为范例。故选A项。
4. 答案
D
解析
写作意图题。通过对文章的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍了顾客如何通过航空公司的包裹延误处理中心拿回自己延误的包裹。故选D项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. ___1___ water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder ___2___ had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man ___3___(present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled ___4___ (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home ___5___ a happy heart.
After the student left, the teacher let ___6___ student taste the water. He spit it out, ___7___(say)it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like ___8___?”
The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ___9___(sweet).” We understand this lesson best ___10___ we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】
本文讲述一个年轻人把在沙漠里找到的水带回来给老师喝，水已经不新鲜了，但老师却说水很清甜。文章告诉我们一个道理：不管收到什么样的礼物，我们都要心怀感激。礼物背后的情谊是我们应该珍惜的。
1. 答案
The
解析
考查冠词。上文a spring of clear water已经提到了water，故此处特指上文提到的“水”，用定冠词。
2. 答案
who/that
解析
考查定语从句。所填词引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先
行词为an elder，故填who/that。
3. 答案
presented
解析
考查时态。本句缺少谓语，由整篇文章可知时态为过去时，故用动词的过去式。
4. 答案
warmly
解析
考查副词。修饰动词smile应用副词。
5. 答案
with
解析
考查介词。此处缺介词，构成介词短语，表伴随状态，故填with。
6. 答案
another
解析
考查代词。由语境可知老师让另一名学生尝了尝水，故填another，意为“另一个”，后接可数名词单数。
7. 答案
saying
解析
考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，故此处填非谓语动词，he和say是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用saying，现在分词作伴随状语。
8. 答案
it
解析
考查代词。此处用it代指上文的water，是同一杯水。
9. 答案
sweeter
解析
考查比较级。否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义。
10. 答案
that
解析
考查名词性从句。此处用that引导同位语从句，修饰this lesson。