2016成都市高考英语一轮阅读理解选练（5）及答案

　　阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　The teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happens, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught me in second grade at all-black Sumner School in Camden, New Jersey.

　　During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre—not just children’s theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.

　　My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humour, all I’ll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her.

　　Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication. A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.

　　Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favourite niece”. Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil who has crossed her path.

　　1. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?

　　A. She lent her some serious classics.

　　B. She cultivated her taste for music.

　　C. She discovered her talent for dancing.

　　D. She introduced her to adult plays.

　　2. What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?

　　A. A book of great fun.　 B. A writer of high fame.

　　C. A serious masterpiece. D. A heartbreaking play.

　　3. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to　.　

　　A. develop her capabilities for writing

　　B. give her a chance to collect material

　　C. involve her in teenage social activities

　　D. offer her a series of writing jobs

　　4. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who　.　

　　A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined

　　B. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potential

　　C. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils

　　D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning

　　【参考答案】1--4 、DAAB

　　【2017高考复习】阅读理解

　　Small Business Saturday is an American shopping holiday created in 2010，held on the Saturday after Thanksgiving during one of the busiest shopping periods of the year.

　　Small Business Saturday encourages holiday shoppers to support small business owners and help fuel the economy by shopping at their favorite local stores.

　　Small businesses are critical to the nation’s economy.There were nearly 28 million small businesses in the United States last year.Over the past two decades，they created 65 percent of net new jobs.Their importance to local communities extends even further.For every $100 spent in locally­owned，independent stores，$68

　　returns to

　　the community through taxes and other means.

　　“Small business is the engine of job creation in the US economy，” said Ken Chenault，the CEO of American Express.“It is also among the sectors (领域) hardest hit by the economic crisis.By spreading the word about Small Business Saturday，we can help raise awareness about the critical role small businesses play in cities and towns across the country at a time when they need support the most.”

　　Mayor Bloomberg said，“Small businesses are the glue that holds communities together，and we’ve always sought new ways to support them—something that became even more important when the national economic downturn began.When Ken Chenault told me about his idea for Small

　　Business Saturday，I jumped at the opportunity to participate.This year，if you have the opportunity to shop on the Saturday after Thanksgiving，make it a point to visit local small businesses.It really can make an enormous difference for merchants trying to succeed.”

　　Ken Chenault hopes that supporting local business will be more than just a one­day event.“When we invest in small businesses，we are investing in Main_Streets—the places that give our towns and cities a unique sense of place，”

　　said Mr Chenault.“By celebrating Small Business Saturday and shopping at independent businesses，everyone can play a part in strengthening our economy and supporting revitalization (复苏) on our Main Streets.”

　　【语篇解读】　随着美国一个全新的购物假日的出现，小企业的重要性再次凸显。它的作用有目共睹，相关权威人士甚至把它看做是美国经济的基础

　　1．We can know from the passage that Small Business Saturday________.

　　A．was created to protect the environment

　　B．was started by American Express

　　C．has a wide influence across America

　　D．is supported by most holiday shoppers

　　解析　推理判断题。结合第四段第一句的内容以及第五段中的“When Ken Chenault told me about his idea for Small Business.Saturday”可推知，Small Business Saturday是由美国运通创立的。

　　答案　B

　　2．Who will directly benefit from Small Business Saturday?

　　A．Individuals.B．Holiday shoppers.

　　C．Small business owners. D．Big business owners.

　　解析　推理判断题。结合第二段中的“to support small business owners”可推知，从Small Business Saturday中直接受益的是小企业主。

　　答案　C

　　3．According to Ken Chenault，what are the bases of the US economy?

　　A．Families. B．Communities.

　　C．Small businesses. D．Big businesses.

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句的内容可知，Ken Chenault认为小企业是美国经济的基础。

　　答案　C

　　4．What does “Main Streets” (in the last paragraph)refer to?

　　A．Small American businesses.

　　B．American towns and cities.

　　C．The US economies.

　　D．Big American companies.

　　解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句前半部分的内容以及本段最后一句的内容可推知“Main Streets”指的是美国的小企业。

　　答案　A

　　阅读理解。

　　Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head，according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.

　　Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩)and pumping blood around their bodies，compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed.Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event，depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.

　　Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said：“Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”

　　The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.Dr Garfinkel said，“The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.”

　　To further understand this relationship，the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.

　　“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear，” Dr Garfinkel said.

　　“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders，and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”

　　47．What is the finding of the study?

　　A. One's heart affects how he feels fear.

　　B. Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.

　　C. Fear has something to do with one's health.

　　D. One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.

　　48．The study was carried out by analyzing

　　________.

　　A. volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures

　　B. the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions

　　C. volunteers' reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans

　　D. different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart－brain communication

　　49．Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?

　　A. Order.

　　B. System.

　　C. Machine.

　　D. Treatment.

　　50．This study may contribute to

　　________．

　　A. treating anxiety and stress better

　　B. explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety

　　C. finding the key to the heart－brain communication

　　D. understanding different fears in our hearts and heads

　　【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人的恐惧与心脏和大脑的关系。

　　47．A　细节理解题。根据第四段 “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed.Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.” 可知一个人的心脏影响一个人的恐惧程度。故选A。

　　48．C　细节理解题。根据第四段“The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces.”以及第五段“To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.”可知选C。

　　49．B　词义猜测题。根据第六段“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear”可知，我们已经发现了一个重要的机制，使心脏和大脑“对话”，以此来改变我们的感情和减少恐惧。故选B。

　　50．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段“…we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”可推出选A。

　　A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　You’re in a department store and you see a couple of attractive young women looking at a sweater. You listen to their conversation:

　　“I can’t believe it—a Lorenzo Bertolla!They are almost impossible to find. Isn’t it beautiful? And it’s a lot cheaper than the one Sara bought in Rome.”

　　They leave and you go over to see this incredible sweater. It’s nice and the price is right. You’ve never heard of Lorenzo Bertolla, but those girls looked really stylish. They must know. So, you buy it. You never realize that those young women are employees of an advertising agency. They are actually paid to go from store to store, talking loudly about Lorenzo Bertolla clothes.

　　Every day we notice what people are wearing, driving and eating. If the person looks cool, the product seems cool, too. This is the secret of undercover marketing. Companies from Ford to Nike are starting to use it.

　　Undercover marketing is important because it reaches people that don’t pay attention to traditional advertising. This is particularly true of the MTV generation—consumers between the age of 18 and 34. It is a golden group. They have a lot of money to spend, but they don’t trust ads.

　　So advertising agencies hire young actors to “perform”in bars and other places where young adults go. Some people might call this practice deceptive (骗人的), but marketing executive Jonathan Ressler calls it creative. “Look at traditional advertising. Its effectiveness is decreasing.”

　　However, one might ask what exactly is “real” about of young women pretending to be enthusiastic about a sweater? Advertising executives would say it’s no less real than an ad. The difference is that you know an ad is trying to persuade you to buy something. You don’t know when a conversation you overhear is just a performance.

　　1. The two attractive young women were talking so that they could______.　

　　A. get the sweater at a lower price

　　B. be heard by people around

　　C. be admired by other shoppers

　　D. decide on buying the sweater

　　2. Lorenzo Bertolla is______.　

　　A. a very popular male singer

　　B. an advertising agency

　　C. a clothing company in Rome

　　D. the brand name of a sweater

　　3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?　

　　A. The two girls are in fact employed by the Lorenzo Bertolla Company.

　　B. The MTV generation tends to be more easily influenced by ads.

　　C. Traditional advertising is becoming less effective because it’s too direct.

　　D. Undercover marketing will surely be banned soon by the government.

　　4. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　A. Two Attractive Shoppers

　　B. Lorenzo Bertolla Sweaters

　　C. Ways of Advertising

　　D. Undercover Marketing

　　【参考答案】1—4、BDCD

　　阅读理解。

　　You can't always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain－sensing umbrella.

　　The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷)built into a street lamp，” he said.

　　The Lampbrella is a standard－looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built－in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.

　　In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.

　　According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed(安装) at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.

　　While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.

　　66. For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?

　　A. To predict a heavy rain.

　　B. To check the weather forecast.

　　C. To protect people from the rain.

　　D. To remind people to take an umbrella.

　　67．What do we know from Belyaev's words in Paragraph 2?

　　A. His creation was inspired by an experience.

　　B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.

　　C. Street lamps are protected by canopies.

　　D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.

　　68．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works?

　　A. motor→canopy→sensors

　　B. sensors→motor→canopy

　　C. motor→sensors→canopy

　　D. canopy→motor→sensors

　　69．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?

　　A. Its moving speed.

　　B. Its appearance.

　　C. Its installation.

　　D. Its safety.

　　70．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

　　A. The designer will open a company to promote his product.

　　B. The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.

　　C. The designer is confident that his creation is practical.

　　D. The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.

　　【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍设计师Mikhail Belyaev设计的Lampbrella，它能给街道上的人们遮雨。虽然这一设计还没有实施，但是Mikhail Belyaev却对自己的设计很自信。

　　66．C　考查细节理解。从第一段的“But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn't think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That's why he created Lampbrella…”可知Mikhail Belyaev设计Lampbrella是为了给街道上的人们遮雨的。

　　67．A　考查推理判断。从Mikhail Belyaev 说的话“I was driving…and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.”可知，他的创意灵感来自他的一次生活体验。故选A。

　　68．B　考查细节理解。从第三段的内容可找到答案，Lampbrella工作的过程是先通过传感器(sensors)，传到发动机(motor)，再到伞篷(canopy)打开。故选B。

　　69．D　考查主旨大意。从本段的“so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians”和“Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians”可知该段是讲Lampbrella的安全性。

　　70．C　考查推理判断。从本段Mikhail Belyaev说的话看出他对自己的设计很自信。故选C。