话 题： 科 普 知 识 与 现 代 技 术
【词汇积累】 【佳句背诵】
分析
测量
观测观察
探索
解决
简化
装备；配备
总结
创造
10.invent 发明
鼓舞；启示
研究
精确的
适用于；运用
满足某人的需求
reakthrough in
在……有重大突破
把某事归功于某人
对……有较好的理解It is science and technology that make our life more convenient.
是科学技术使我们的生活更加方便。
Once you press the
button ，it will start washing dishes for you.
这种机器是由电脑控制的只要你按下按钮它就可以帮你清洗碗碟了。
comes into being, it must be tested out before it is put into use.
当有新产品问世时在投入使用之前一定要进行检验。【写作模板】 未来机器人 It’s my honor to be here to make an English speech.My topic is“What I wish my
tomorrow’s robot would do for me and my family？”.
With the rapid development of computer and remote technologiescleverer
and cleverer and they are used more and more widely all over the world.They can do some dangerous，hard or boring work in factories and they are also functional in our homes. Firstly，I hope the robot can do things as I tell it to and follow my orders.It is able to
do all kinds of housework such as cleaning and cooking.Secondly，I wish it could chat with
me and remove worries and anxieties in my heart.When I am ill，it can accompany me and take
good care of me.Thirdly，it has the ability to help me with my studies.When I am confused
with my problems，it can help me solve them and great academic achievements can be made
through our efforts.
That’s all.Thank you.
Ⅰ.单词拼写 根据词义写出英文单词。____________ n． 缺点缺陷；不利条件____________ n.
原理法则；道德原则行为准则____________ vt.& vi.
(使)推迟延迟延误延迟____________ vt.& vi.
蜿蜒而行；上发条；缠绕；把(汽车窗玻璃等)摇上____________ adv.
最后终于____________ vt.
预料预知预见7．____________
n.
组成部分成分部件____________ adj.
怀疑的____________ adj.
非正式的随便的；漫不经心的不经意的____________ adj.
(物品)雅致的精美的；(人或其举止)优雅的____________ vt.
反对抵制阻挠；与……竞争____________ n.
条件环境状况____________ adj.
平常的；典型的有代表性的；特有的____________ vt.
牺牲献出 牺牲舍弃；祭品____________ adj.
稳定的；稳重的____________ adv.
仅仅只不过____________ adj.
显然的显而易见的____________ n.
翻译；转化____________ vi.& vt.
投票选举表决选票；选举表决____________ vt.
拒绝拒收；不予考虑不予录用答案：1.drawback 2.principle 3.delay 4.wind 6.foresee 7.component 8.scepticalual 10.elegant 11.oppose 12.circumstance 14.sacrifice 15.stable 16.merely 17.obvious 18.translation 19.vote 20.reject单词拓展 写出下列单词及其派生词。____________ n.
演变发展；进化____________ v.
进化____________ vt.
制造；修筑建造____________ n.
建筑____________adj.
可使用的；可到达的____________n.
通道；机会；权利____________v.
分配散发分布____________ n.
分发；分配；分布；散布____________ n.
无线电接收机；听筒；接受者____________v.
收到____________ n.
存储储藏(空间)____________ v.
存储____________ adj.
宗教的；虔诚的____________ n.
宗教____________ n.
改编；改写____________ vt.
使适应；改编适应____________ adj.
合适的适当的____________ v.
适合；满足套装；诉讼____________ vt.
拒收；不予考虑不予录用____________ n.
拒绝答案：1.evolution；evolve 2.construct；construction；access 4.distribute；distribution 5.receiver；receive 6.storage；store 7.religious；religion 8.adaptation；adapt 9.suitable；suit 10.reject；rejection
1．________________
在二十世纪二十年代晚期________________
与……保持联系________________
对……是可得到的________________
对……负责________________
从……中受益________________
上发条________________
形状像________________
随着……的发展________________
跟上/赶上……(节奏步伐)________________
实际上事实上________________
就……表决________________
全神贯注于……________________
反对做……________________
而不是________________
摆脱除去答案：1.in the late 1920s 2.keep in touch with 3.be accessible to 4.answer for 5.benefit from 6.wind upe shaped like 8.with the development of 9.keep pace with 10.in truth11.vote on 12.be absorbed in 14.rather than 15.rid...of语境填词The (1)____________(缺陷) of the (2)____________(电子) device is (3)____________(明显的)．Its battery can not be charged easily and the function of the (4)____________(接收器)is sceptical.The (5)____________(存储) of the machine is not (6)____________(充足的)．Many other (7)____________(部件) are not perfect in design.So we would (8)____________(拒绝) this device.答案：(1)drawback (2)electronic (3)obvious (4)receiver (5)storage (6)ample (7)components (8)reject
1．“not...until...”的强调句式not until 1938 that the first colour TV programme was broadcast.
[仿写] 直到所有人到齐了他才宣布了那个消息。____________________all the people arrived that he announced the news.
2．It takes sb.some time to do...
花费某人……(时间)做……It took more than two decades，though，until 1951，for regular colour TV broadcasts to begin in the USA.
[仿写] 他花了三个小时才做完那个实验。____________________________the experiment.
3．with的复合结构with everyone receiving the same broadcast at the same time.
[仿写] 那位老人坐在院里几只小狗围在他身边。____________________．so...as to...如此……以至于……so important as to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time?
[仿写] 他非常好心主动提出让我搭车。________ kind ____________________me a ride.
答案：1.It was not until 2.It took him three hours to do 3.with several dogs surrounding him 4.so；as to offer
The first public TV broadcasts were made in the USA in 1925.Many different people contributed 1.____________ the development of TV.Most early TV broadcasts were made using a system developed by John Logie Baird in the UK.2.____________，his system was very primitive and had many drawbacks.Philo Farnsworth made important breakthroughs in the development of TV in 3.__________ late 1920s and early 1930s.
John Logie Baird constructed the 4.____________ colour TV in 1928.It was not until 1951 5.____________ regular colour TV broadcasts began in the USA.Regular colour TV broadcasts 6.____________ delayed in the UK until 1967.
Satellites were used to broadcast TV in 1962.Satellites allow TV to 7.____________ broadcast live over vast distances.They also make TV accessible to people living far away from cities，and satellite dishes 8.____________ often be seen distributed throughout the countryside and remote areas.
答案：1.to 2.However 3.the 4.first 5.that 6.were 8.can
delay 耽搁；使延迟推迟延误延迟(教材P)Regular colour TV broadcasts were delayed in the UK until 1967. 普通彩色电视直到1967年才在英国开播。
(1)delay doing sth. 推迟做某事(2)without delay
毫不迟疑地刻不容缓elay in doing
做……耽搁了延误耽搁(3)同义词：postpone (2017·高考浙江卷·阅读理解)If you keep delaying(不利的) effect on your ability to complete your assignment.如果你老是拖延你就不能给自己留时间处理那些对于你完成作业的能力有不利影响的各种生活琐事。他没有马上把消息告诉她等有了适当的时机再说。delay of two hours before the plane took off.飞机起飞推迟了两个小温馨提示 delay作动词用时后面只跟doing不能跟to do作宾语。 wind 上发条缠绕蜿蜒曲折风(教材P)The first record players had to be wound up by hand and only played records that were two minutes long. 最早的留声机必须手摇上发条而且只能播放两分钟长的唱片。
(1)wind up 给……上发条；使……高度兴奋down
(钟表)慢下来停住；(人)松弛下来蜿蜒前进(2)过去式：wound过去分词：wound (3)winding adj.
弯曲的蜿蜒的；卷绕的 (2017·高考江苏卷·完形填空)I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road over the Potomac River in West Virginia.我找到了一座破旧的房子沿着蜿蜒的山路向上四英里处位于西弗吉尼亚州的波托马克河对岸。wound up the little car and let it go.
她给那辆小汽车上紧发条松手让它跑起来。winds its way across mountains to the sea.
这条河蜿蜒绕山而行最后流入大海【活用】——完成句子(1)看那儿有一条长长的蜿蜒崎岖的小路通向那所房子。____________ leading up to the house.
(2)请把所有的车窗玻璃都摇上。____________all the windows.
答案：(1) winding path (2) wind up reject 拒绝拒收；不予考虑不予录用(教材P)The Amish reject cars because they like having tight communities where everyone lives close together. 阿曼门诺派教徒拒绝用汽车因为他们喜欢所有人都住在很近的紧密的社区。
(1)reject a request 拒绝请求(2)a rejected child
弃儿(3)rejection n.
拒收；拒绝 (2017·高考北京卷·阅读理解)If you order after thatreject order requests at the discounted price.如果这个日期之后订购的话我们有权接受或拒绝你申请的折扣价格。如果人们对他不够友好他就有被抛弃之感。rejected the scheme out of hand.
政府立即拒绝了这项计划。[易混辨析] refuse
这些动词均含“拒绝”之意。
refuse 语气较重指态度坚决肯定无疑的拒绝；暗示决心且常带有粗鲁。
decline 指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等；还可表示“衰落降低”“倾斜下降”“下沉”。
reject 拒绝抵制表示主观上不肯承认、接受或服从。这种拒绝有时指正面地、公开地拒绝也可指说话者的否定或敌视的态度可用于语言上也可用于行动上。用作及物动词接plan等名词或代词作宾语。reject还可作“抛弃丢掉剔除”解表示把无用的、不能令人满意的或无价值的东西扔掉。用作及物动词接名词或代词作宾语。【活用】——选用上述词语填空(1)Imperfect articles are ____________ by our quality control.
(2)He ____________ to work for her.
(3)He ____________ the invitation.
答案：(1)rejected (2)refused (3)declined oppose 反对抵制阻挠；与……竞争(教材P)Since the Amish value seeing each other face to face，they oppose having telephones in their houses. 因为阿曼门诺派教徒重视彼此面对面交
(1)oppose doing 反对做(2)opposed adj.
反对的(doing)．..
反对(做)(表对比)而相对于……(3)opposite adj.
对面的；相反的在对面反义词；对立面； 我一贯反对定时喂养幼儿。opposed being moved to the remote developing zone.
大部The tax system favors the very rich as_opposed_to ordinary working people.
该税制有利于特别富有的人而非普通的劳动人民。(2017·高考江西卷·阅读理解)Many people think that listening is a passive business.It is just the opposite.许多人认为倾听是一个被动的事。而事实上却恰恰相反。【活用】——用oppose的相关词语完成小片段(1)________________，which (2) ____________ her.So she was very sad，thinking it was her parents who (3)____________ deliberately ____________ her.
她的父母极力反对她出国这违背她的意愿。她很不高兴并认为父母是故意和她对立。答案：(1)opposed her going abroad (2)opposed her will to/against (3)were；opposed to sacrifice 牺牲；亏本出售；祭品(教材P)Meanwhile，real relationships are often sacrificed，and whatever personal peace one has is destroyed whenever the phone rings. 同时真正的关系经常被牺牲掉。而且只要电话铃声响起无论一个人有着怎样的宁静都会被破坏。
(1)sacrifice sth.for为某事(物)做出牺牲牺牲某物做某事(2)fall to a sacrifice to
成为……的牺牲品以牺牲……为代价为……做出牺牲 sacrificing your health for your career.
你为事业牺牲健康是不值得的。make sacrifices for their children.
父母常常为他们的孩子做出牺牲。 his health.
他赚了钱却付出了健康的代价。 rid 摆脱去除丢弃(教材P)Maybe we should rid ourselves of modern technology and return to simpler times. 也许我们应该摆脱现代技术回归更为简单的时代。
rid oneself of 摆脱掉除掉使某人摆脱……摆脱掉除去 .
在大部分人看来去除灰尘是一件好事。rid the people of hunger.
政府正在努力使人们摆脱饥饿。【活用】——完成句子 (1)要改掉坏习惯并不容易。____________a bad habit.
(2)该是你把那辆破旧的“油老虎”汽车扔掉的时候了。____________that old gas guzzling car.
答案：(1)rid oneself of (2) got rid of keep pace with 跟上/赶上……的节奏；并驾齐驱(教材P3)Technology is now changing faster than most people can keep pace with. 科技发展速度之快大部分人都很难赶上。
keep up with 跟上避开不接近扣留；隐瞒继续遵守；坚持维持保持 keep pace with need.为这项计划提供的资金很可能赶不上需求。keep up with you.你走得真快我跟不上你。我们必须跟上现代科学研究的新发展。【活用】——用keep的相关短语填空(1)Once having made a plan，you should ________________it.
(2)Regardless of their dislike，I ________________planting my garden and continued to enjoy the pleasure of gardening.
(3)He couldn’t ________________his tears.
(4)Nobody can entirely ________________this competitive world.
答案：(1) keep to (2) kept on (3) keep back(4) keep away from
vote on 就……投票表决(教材P)They then vote on whether they will accept it. 然后他们投票表决是否接受它。
vote for＝vote in favor of 投票赞成……投票反对……投票表决做…… vote on it.
如果意见不统一我们就得投票表决。voted for it and fourteen voted against it.
22人投票赞成人反对。工会会员投票表决接受管理方的提议。【活用】——用上述短语填空(1)We couldn’t decide who to be given the prize，so we had to________________it.
(2)The politician was deeply hurt when many of his former supporters ________________ him，and he lost his place in Parliament.
(3)The citizens________________the new law meant to stop pollution.
答案：(1)vote on (2)voted against (3)voting in favor of/voting for
Ⅰ.品句填词____________(缺陷)of Western philosophy.e city is ____________(可使用的)to people at weekends.____________(分布)____________ (明显的)that the hopess，fears and desires vary widely between men and women，between the rich and the poor.
5．A laptop is ____________ (便携式的)so you can work anywhere you like and that you get powerful features without the large size of desktop units.e is a ____________(肤浅的) thinker whose opinions aren’t worth much.____________ (合适的) for any fish to grow in.____________ (反对)building the new hotel because of the great cost.答案：1.drawbacks 2.accessible 3.distributed 4.obvious 5.portable 6.shallow 7.suitable 8.opposed选词填空；delay；accessible；distribute；wind up；adapt；reject；oppose；sacrifice；ridMrs.Ralph decided to ________________her trip until June.
2．The information ought to be made more________________．________________？ It’s dangerous to lean out of the bus window. common with Helen，that I strongly __________________the proposal.
5．You must ________________ yourself of this blue mood.
6．Success in your job is not worth the __________________of your health.
7．Clothes and blankets have been ________________ among the refugees.
8．He expresses the hope that we will ________________his firm.
9．I make it clear to him that I ________________his proposal.
10．This is an ________________of a novel for television.
答案：1.delay 2.accessible 3.wound up 4.oppose 6.sacrifice 7.distributed 8.keep in touch with 9.reject 10.adaptation单项填空________ in sending the information.
A．question B．hesitation解析：选C。There is no delay in doing...“……是不容耽搁的”。________ that her remarks hurt me.
A．denyB．refuse解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：——你还生她的气吗？——不见得但是我不否认她的话伤害了我。deny“否认否定”；refuse都是“拒绝”的意思。not deny无法否认。故选A。________ their existence here without making them realize that we ________it.
A．oppose to；are opposed toB．be opposed to；oppose to；opposeD．oppose；are opposed to解析：选D。oppose是及物动词直接接宾语；be opposed to是固定短语是介词意为“反对……”。ael has delayed ________ the bike to me till today.
A．returningB．to return
C．to have returnedD．being returned
解析：选A。delay doing...“推迟做……”。(2017·南京模拟)The French Revolution was successful in ________ society of inequality________ in Europe.
A．freeing；thatB．freeing；ones；the oneD．ridding；those解析：选D。第一空考查短语“rid...of...”意为“清除……”；第二空those指代前文的countries。
(教材P)John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928，but it was not until 1938 that the first colour TV programme was broadcast. 约翰·洛吉·贝尔德于1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机但直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。
句中but后面的it was not until 1938 that...是强调句型对时间状语加以强调。till/until意为“到……时候为止”；“到……时候才”；“在……时候以前不”可用作介词或连词。其用法的关键在于句子的谓语动词是终止性动词还是延续性动词。(1)当主句的谓语动词是终止性动词时主句一般用“...not...till/until...”句式意为“(2)当主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时主句用肯定式或否定式均可但句子表达的意思有所不同。如果主句用肯定式主句的谓语动词所指的动作要延伸到till/until所指的时间为止译成汉语时语序和英语语序一致表示“到……时候为止”的意思。如果主句用否定式主句的谓语动词所表示的动作实际上要到till/until所指的时间才开始。这时要译作“到……时候才”即“在……以前不”的意思。(3)not...until的强调句式。为了not till/until...”提前常见的句式有下面两种：引起的强调句式： It＋is/was＋not till/until短语/从句＋that从句。倒装句式：Not until＋短语/从句＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其余部分。 mustn’t eat anything until you see the doctor.
直到看完医生你才能吃东西。Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
直到车停稳了你再下。我看电视一直到她回来。ck.
＝I began to watch TV when/after she came back.直到她回来我才看电视。It was not until yesterday that I noticed it.
直到昨天我才注意到这件事。直到老 (教材P)Most early recorders employed steel tape to record on，which made them heavy and difficult to use，or paper tape，which was easier to use but often broke. 大多数早期的录音机采用钢卷尺或纸
made them heavy and difficult to use为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语(形容词＋不定式)”结构。在“形容词＋不定式”结构作宾语补足语时其中形容词多为表示性质的词如：easy等。此时用不定式的主动结构表被动意义。可以用于这种结构的动词还有：find等。 found Miss Gaga difficult to get along with.
他们发现Gaga小姐很难相处。你认为法语学起来容易吗？
Ⅰ.完成句子1．她唱得多美啊！我从没听过比这更好的嗓音了。！I have ________________________voice.路易斯发现这篇文章很难懂。________________________．无论这项任务多么艰难我们都必须按时完成。________________________，we must finish it on time.
4．直到我开始工作了我才意识到我浪费了很多时间。________________________I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
5．除了餐后点心外他们还额外增加了水果。________________________．答案：1.never heard a better 2.very difficult to understand 4.It was not until 5.for good measure 句型转换 by two days because of the heavy storm.
2．In the early days，people used a system which was developed by John Logie Baird in the UK to make their TV broadcasts.
→Most early TV broadcasts____________________ a system developed by John Logie Baird in the UK.
3．The first colour TV programme was not broadcast until 1938.
→____________________1938 that the first colour TV programme was broadcast.
4．The Amish people are mentally healthier than most people.
→The Amish people ____________________mental health than most people.
5．All of us think more highly of friendship than anything else.
→All of us ____________________friendship above all else.
答案：1.was delayed 2.were made using 3.It was not until 4.have a higher degree of 5.value单项填空(2017·江苏启东东南中学考前辅导)It ________ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ________ I found we had a lot in common.；whenwas until；thatasn’t until；whenD．wasn’t until；that解析：选D。去掉it is/was和that之后本句可还原为I didn’t find we had a lot in common until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks.判断是强调句型。(2017·江苏盱眙中学高三检测)________ the matter a secret解析：选B。rather than位于句首后接动词时用动词原形。serious mistake now?
—No，but I can’t ________ that I let them down.
A．denyB．refuse
C．rejectD．decline
解析：选A。deny“否认”；refuse“拒绝”；reject“拒绝接受”；decline“下降；谢绝”。________ the country ________ nuclear weapons.
A．freeing；toB．freeing；on；ofD．rid；of解析：选D。考查短语“rid...of...”意为“清除……”。________should you lend him any money.
A．In any case
B．Under no circumstances
C．Under the circumstances
D．All the above
解析：选B。 in any case 无论如何不管怎样；under no circumstances 无论如何不……决不； under the circumstances在此情况下；既然这样。根据句子的结构(倒装结构)可判断应选B。否定词以及含有否定意义的短语作状语放在句首句子要倒装。
[写作素材]世纪是科技世纪。现在科技无处不在。众所周知科技的发展对社会影响巨大。网络、电脑和手机是我们常用的科技产品。这些科技新产品使我们的生活更舒适、更美好。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。[连句成篇](将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文。)_____________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：As we all know，the development of technology has a significant effect on our society.Several technologies that we usually use are the Internet，computers and cell phones.These new technologies make our life much easier and better.
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