同义短语有run across/run into ◆Have you come/run across any problems with your homework? 最近家庭作业有问题吗？ — Have you ______ some new ideas? — Yeah, I will tell you later.
A. come about
B. come across
C. come up with
D. come out with C 考查与come相关的词组的辨析。come about 发生；come across 偶然碰到；come up with 想出，提出；come out with 发表，公布；说出。 3、辨析
manage to do, try to do, try doing (1)manage to do 意为“设法做成了某事”，强调其结果是成功的。 (2)try to do意为“尽力做某事”，但是不一定成功。 (3)try doing sth. 意为“试着做某事；尝试做”。 ◆He managed to do the operation with very little help. 在没有多少帮助的情况下，他设法把手术做成功了。 ◆He tried to pass the exam, but he failed. 他努力想通过考试，但是失败了。 ◆Let's try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲后边的门试试。 ◆In spite of these insults, she managed not to get angry. 尽管遭受到这些侮辱，她忍着没发火。 4、辨析 result in，result from (1)result in 导致，造成，产生某种作用或结果 (2)result from 产生于……，由……引起，缘于 ◆Drug abuse will result in worse health.
滥用毒品会导致体质降低。 ◆Sickness often results from eating too much.
疾病往往因吃得太多而引起。 as a result ＝ as a consequence 因而，结果；作为结果 as a result of 由于……的原因 表原因的介词短语还有： because of, on account of, owing to, due to, thanks to ①Last night, their house was broken into. ______， they suffered heavy losses.
A. Result in
B. As a result
C. Result from
D. As a result of ①B 句意：昨晚，有人闯入他们家。结果，他们遭受巨大损失。A、C为动词短语，作谓语；B接结果；D接原因。 ②Jenny nearly missed the flight ______ doing too much shopping.
A. as a result of
B. on top of
C. in front of
D. in need of ②A 句意：由于购物花费时间太多，珍妮差点错过航班。考查介词短语辨析。A.由于；B.(危险)逼近；除……之外；完全控制(局面)；C.在……前面；D.需要。 If breathed in是过去分词作条件状语，这里相当于if the viruses are breathed in。当从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句又有be动词，或从句主谓结构是it is时，常省略从句的主语和be动词。 ◆If heated, water will turn into steam. ＝ If water is heated, it will turn into steam. 水如果受热就会变成水蒸气。 1、 If breathed in, they can result in illness or even death.
如果把病毒吸入了，就可能生病甚至死亡。 ◆When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. ＝ When he was asked why he went there, he…flight. 当被问及他为什么去那儿时，他回答说他是被送去那儿为太空航行作训练的。 Every evening after dinner, if not ______ from work, I will spend some time practising playing the piano.
A. being tired
B. tiring
C. tired
D. to be tired C “每天晚餐后，如果工作不是很累，我会花一些时间练习弹钢琴。”考查非谓语动词作状语。从句补充完整为If I am not tired…主句和从句主语一致，省略主语和be动词，又因该句的动作为经常发生，所以排除A、D。 (1)强调句型：It is/was (not)＋ 被强调部分＋ that ＋ 其他。强调人时that可换为who。 ◆It was in New Zealand that Elizabeth first met Mr Smith.
正是在新西兰伊丽莎白第一次见到了史密斯先生。 ◆It was not he but I that/who was to blame.
要怪的不是他，是我。 2、Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China's first astronaut. 杨虽然并没有在每门测试中得最高分，但是是他的心理测试最高分使得他最终赢得中国第一宇航员的地位。 (2) 一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋ it ＋ 被强调部分＋ that ＋ 未被强调部分？ ◆Was it yesterday that you saw a foreigner in the park?
你在公园见到一个外国人是在昨天吗？ (3) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋ is/was ＋ it ＋ that ＋ 未被强调部分？ ◆Who was it that was to blame?
这件事到底该怪谁？ ①It was along the Mississippi River ______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. where ①C “沿着密西西比河，马克·吐温度过了许多童年时光。”考查强调句型。本句强调地点状语，故选C。 ②It was not until midnight ______ they reached the camp site.
A. that
B. when
C. while
D. as ②A “直到午夜他们才到达野营地。”考查强调句型。本句对not until连接的时间状语进行强调。 将下列简单句合并成并列句。 1. I'm interested in English. I hope to be an interpreter in the future. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. The English teacher came to me. I was reading the text aloud as other students. ________________________________________________________________________ 3. He was very tired. He fell sound asleep. ________________________________________________________________________ 4. Li Meng sings well. Li Meng dances well. ________________________________________________________________________ 5. You should study hard. You'll fail in the exam. ________________________________________________________________________ 1. I'm interested in English and hope to be an interpreter in the future. 2. The English teacher came to me while I was reading the text aloud as other students. 3. He was very tired; therefore he fell sound asleep. 4. Not only does Li Meng sing well, but also she dances well.
5. Study hard, or you'll fail in the exam. * Module2·Unit 3 Amazing people（1） 1、 curious adj. 好奇的；奇怪的，不寻常的；难以理解的 be curious about 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth. 对做某事感到好奇 be curious ＋ that从句/wh从句(从句谓语可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气) ◆I heard a curious noise coming from above.
我听到从上面传来的一个奇怪的响声。 ◆We were curious about the cause of the accident / about what caused the accident.
我们对事故的起因很好奇。 ◆He's curious to know what she said.
他想知道她说了什么。 ◆They are curious how it is (should be) made.
他们很想知道这是怎么做成的。
Kids are always ______ about what they see for the first time.
A. eager
B. curious
C. anxious
D. interested B 考查4个形容词的词义。A意为“急切盼望的，热心的”；B意为“好奇的，求知欲强的”；C意为“担忧的”；D意为“感兴趣的”。 2、 preserve vt. 保护，保存，保持 n. 保护区 preserve sb./sth. from sth. 保护……免受…… nature preserve 自然保护区 ◆In summer, a great deal of fruit may be preserved by freezing.
夏天，大量的水果可冷藏。 ◆No hunting is allowed in the preserve.
在保护区内不许打猎。 wellpreserved adj. 保存良好的 preservation n. 维护；保护；保持 ◆The water and soil preservation project has been set up.
水土保持项目已经建立起来了。 3、辨析disturb, interrupt disturb和interrupt都是及物动词，但意思不同。前者是“干扰、困扰”，后者是“打断”。 (2) disturb还可表示“妨碍； 妨害； 侵犯(权利)；弄乱， 打乱(计划等)；激荡(水面)”。 ◆She was disturbed to hear you had been injured in the accident. 她听到你在事故中受了伤感到不安。 ◆Don't interrupt your teacher while he is talking. 老师在讲话的时候你不要打断他。 ◆He put his oars in the water and disturbed the smooth surface of the lake. 他把桨放入水中，搅乱了平静的湖面。 ◆Don't disturb the paper on my desk. 别乱动我桌上的文件。
disturbing adj. 令人不安的；使人震惊的 disturbed adj. 感到烦恼的
The programme was ______ for half an hour because of a sudden power failure last night.
A. disturbed
B. missed
C. interrupted
D. paused C 本句意思为“昨晚因停电，节目被中断了半个小时。” interrupt中断；disturb打乱，扰乱；miss思念，错过；pause暂停，为不及物动词。
4、辨析certain，sure 一般来说，sure和certain的用法是相同的，但sure的语气比certain听起来弱些，而区别主要体现在搭配上。 (1)两者都能用于以下句型中： a. be sure / certain ＋ about / of短语，表示“对(某事)有把握”。主语必须是人，about / of之后多跟名词、代词。 ◆I am sure / certain of his returning. 我确信他会回来。 b. be sure / certain to do sth.句型中，表示“一定会做某事”，主语可以是人，也可以是物。 ◆Spring is sure / certain to follow winter.
冬天过后一定是春天。 ◆This is sure / certain to result in/cause a quarrel. 这肯定会引起一场争吵。 c. 两者都能用于“sb. be sure / certain ＋从句”和“sb. make sure / certain ＋从句”句型中，表示“确信……”，“确定；弄清楚”。 ◆You must make sure / certain when the bus will leave.
你必须弄清汽车何时出发 (2)二者的不同点在于： a. 如果it作为形式主语代替从句时，则其后的表语用certain，而不能用sure。 ◆It isn't certain whether he will give us a report next Monday.
下星期一他是否来为我们作报告还不能确定。 b. 两者在作定语时含义不同。sure意为“可靠的；无误的”；而certain若修饰可数名词，意为“某一；某些；某种；一些”，若修饰抽象名词，表示程度，意为“有点；有些”。 ◆He made a sure answer.
他回答得准确无误。 ◆A certain person called on me yesterday.
昨天有个人来找过我。
c. 在祈使句中常用sure，不宜用certain。 ◆Be sure and remember what I told you.
千万要记住我对你讲的话。 d. 口语中，sure常作副词，用在肯定答语中替代surely，这时与of course，certainly意思相当，而certain不可作副词用。 ◆— Would you please turn down the radio a little bit?
——请你把收音机音量调小点，好吗？
— Sure / Of course / Certainly.
——当然可以。 — It's ______ that he said: “I am ______ to help you.” — Don't take it seriously. He is always playing that trick.
A. sure; sure
B. certain; certain
C. sure; certain
D. certainly; surely B it 作形式主语时只能用certain 作表语。人作主语时，sure和certain都可以用，但是不能用surely。故选B。
5、desire n. 愿望，欲望，渴望 vt. 渴望，期望 have a strong desire to do sth. 有强烈的愿望做某事 have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物 desire (sb.) to do sth. 渴望(某人)做某事 desire that sb. should do… 渴望…… ◆Each student in his class has a strong desire to go to a famous university.
在他的班上每个学生都有上名牌大学的强烈的愿望。 ◆My parents desire me to become a doctor.
我的父母亲渴望我能成为一名医生。
①He has a strong desire that
(他的父亲能回来)for a New Year's holiday. ①his father should come back
②His father (渴望他能上重点大学)． ②desires him to enter a key university 8、 apply
vt. 涂， 敷；应用，实施；
vi. 申请，请求；适用
apply oneself to 致力于；专心于 apply sth. to sth. 应用某物于某物 apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物 apply to sb./sth. 适于/应用于某人/某物 ◆In this way they can better apply theory to practice.
这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。 ◆He has applied for a post in England.
他已申请在英国供职。 ◆These were old regulations — they don't apply any more.
这些是旧的规则，它们现在不再适用了。
application n. 申请；应用；专心 applied adj. 应用的 ①Apply some medicine ________ his wound.
A. on
B. for
C. to
D. in ①C 句意：把药敷到伤口上。apply…to…在此表示“涂/敷……到……上”。 ②The villagers ________ the local government for financial help.
A. asked for
B. applied to
C. looked for
D. applied for ②B apply to sb. for sth. 向某人申请某物。 1、辨析 as well as, as well
(1)as well as作为习语用作介词时， 其含义是“还有”、“不但……而且……”。在A as well as B的结构里，语意的重点在 A，不在 B。 ◆He can speak Spanish as well as English.
他不但会说英语，而且会讲西班牙语。
as well as用作连词引出比较从句，其义为“和……一样好”。 语意的重点依旧在前部。 ◆He speaks Spanish as well as English.
他说西班牙语像说英语一样好。
用于主语之后，谓语动词的单复数形式跟它前面的主语保持一致。 ◆The students, as well as their teacher, are all excited at the news.
听到这个消息，学生们和老师都感到兴奋。 (2) as well 单独使用于句尾表示“也”，相当于also, 但不能用于否定句。 ◆He is a host and a writer as well. 他既是一位主持人又是一位作家。 可构成短语might/ may as well “不妨”“还是……为好”，后可直接跟动词原形。 ◆You may as well try it again. 你不妨再试一试。 ①In addition to English, he has to study a second language. → He has to study a second language ______________ English. → He has to study English and a second language ______________. ①as well as; as well ②There is nothing to do, so I ______ in the office and wait for the manager to come back.
A. may as well to stay
B. may as well staying
C. may as well stay
D. may as well stayed ②C 句意：没有别的办法，因此我只好待在办公室等经理回来。may / might as well do sth.意思是“还是做某事为好”、“不如做某事”。 ③My sister, as well as her classmates who ______ late for class, ______ criticized by Mr. Hunt.
A. were; was
B. was; were
C. was; was
D. were; were ③A 由于定语从句中的主谓一致是由先行词决定的，所以前面一空和her classmates一致，用复数谓语动词的形式；当as well as并列连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数由as well as前面那个主语决定，即：my sister，所以用单数。 2、come across
偶然碰到；走过来；出现于
◆I came across his name on the list.
我无意中在名单上发现了他的名字。 *