Ⅰ.重点单词识记 1．challenge /tʃælIndʒ/ n．挑战 2．technique /tekniːk/ n．技术，技巧 3．improve /Impruːv/ vt./vi.改进 4．prove /pruːv/ vi./vt.证明，证实 5．stress /stres/ n．重压，压力→stressful adj.紧张的，有压力的 6．interruption /ˌIntərʌpʃən/ n．中断，打断→interrupt vi./vt.打断(正在说话或动作的人)；妨碍 7．addition /ədIʃən/ n．增加；添加物→additional adj.附加的，额外的 8．tiresome /taIəsəm/ adj.烦人的→tire vt.(使)厌倦；(使)疲劳→tiring adj.令人厌倦的；令人劳累的→tired adj.疲倦的，厌烦的 9．significantly /sInIfIkəntlI/ adv.有意义地，重大地→significant adj.有意义的，重大的→significance n．意义，重要性 10．explore /Iksplɔː/ vi./vt.探究；探险→exploration n．探测，探究 11．pollution /pəluːʃən/ n．污染；弄脏；污染物→pollute vt.污染；弄脏 12．practical /præktIkəl/ adj.实际的，实践的；实用的→practically adv.实际上；几乎→practice n．& v．实践，练习 13．application /ˌæplIkeIʃən/ n．应用；申请→apply vt./vi.应用；申请→applicant n．申请人，求职人 14．threatening /θretnIŋ/ adj.胁迫的；危险的→threaten vi.威胁，恐吓 .重点短语识记 1．instead of代替，而不是…… 2．spend (time) doing花(时间)在…… 3．pay for偿还，赔偿 4．a pile of一堆 5．lead to导致；通向 6．out of touch与世隔绝，与外界隔绝 7．in addition另外，而且 8．first of all 首先，最开始 9．add...to...把……加到…… 10．fly across飞越，飞过 11．pay the price (for)为……付出代价 12．give attention to专心 .经典原句默写与背诵 1．What makes it possible is technology. 使之成为可能的是科技。 2．Telecommuting also makes many workers feel lonely and out of touch，leading to less productivity. 电讯家庭办公也使得许多员工觉得寂寞，觉得似乎与世隔绝，因而导致了办事效率的下降。 3．In communication，the telephone has made it possible for us to talk to anyone without leaving our homes or offices. 在信息交流方面，电话的出现使我们足不出户就能跟所有人交谈成为可能。 4．While it is possible to keep a terminally ill person alive through drugs and machines，it may not be the most humane procedure. 虽然通过药品和仪器可以让终难幸免的病人暂时存活下来，但这未必就是最人道的做法。 5．During future years，increasing attention must be given to the moral as well as the practical applications of science. 在未来岁月里，如何维持道德准绳和将科学投入实践都同样应该受到越来越多的关注。 1．As time went on，Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.(prove) 2．We should not only know the theory but also how to apply it to practice.(application) 3．No wonder you are tired and hungry.(tiresome) 4．Training makes workers highly productive.(productivity) 5．Yet there is plenty of room for improvement.(improve) 6．He tried to speak，but she interrupted him.(interruption) 7．I’m ready to do all those things which are more challenging.(challenge) 8．These measures will help reduce waste and air pollution.(pollute) 1stress n.压力；强调；紧张pressure；重要性emphasis；重音；vt.强调emphasize；使紧张；加压力于press；用重音读 under stress在压力之下 under the stress of在……的压力下 lay/place/put stress on强调…… stress the importance of强调……的重要性 The spokesman stressed the measures did not amount to an overall ban. 该发言人强调这些措施并不等同于全面禁止。 Katy could think clearly when not under stress. 在没有精神压力的情况下凯蒂思路清晰。夯实基础同义句改写 He stressed the importance of a good education.(用place stress on改写句子) He placed stress on a good education. 2 prove oneself证明自己；表现自己 It’s proved that...证明…… give proof of提供……的证据 It would give me great pleasure to prove Sam innocent.能证明萨姆的清白让我很高兴。 There’s no proof that he was on the crime spot. 没有证据证明他当时在犯罪现场。夯实基础同义句改写 This method is proved to be more efficient.(用It is proved...改写句子) It is proved that this method is more efficient. 3 meet a challenge 应对挑战 face a challenge面临挑战 challenge sb.on...就……向某人提出质疑 challenge sb.to do...向某人挑战做…… challenge sb.to sth.邀请……比赛 challenging adj.有挑战性的 They rose to the challenge of entertaining 80 schoolchildren for an afternoon. 他们一个下午成功接待了80名学童。 He left a note at the scene of the crime，challenging detectives to catch him. 他在犯罪现场留了个字条，向警探挑衅。夯实基础用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)Some children want to challenge themselves(they) by learning a language different from that their parents speak at home. (2)Mike found a challenging(challenge) job as a computer programmer. (3)She challenged the newspaper to prove(prove) its story. Ⅰ.单项填空 1．Cooperation or teamwork，the importance of which is often ，plays an important part in football matches. A．stressed B．thought of C．paid much attention D．talked 答案 A 解析 stress the importance of...强调……的重要性。 2．During the longterm cooperation，your uncle a smart，honest and trustworthy man. A．proved B．appeared C．turned D．made 答案 A 解析 句意为：经过长时间的合作，你叔叔证明是一个聪明、诚实和值得信任的人。prove证明是，符合句意。 3．Things can easily go wrong when people are under . A．stress B．weight C．load D．strength 答案 A 解析 句意为：人们在压力之下容易出错。under stress在压力之下，符合题意。 4．The government should take measures to carbon dioxide emission from cars. A．direct B．limit C．change D．improve 答案 B 解析 direct指导；limit限制；change改变；improve改进。由句意知应选B项。 5．Great as Newton was，many of his ideas have been today. A．challenging B．challenged C．threatened D．deposited 答案 B 解析 句意为：虽然牛顿很伟大，但他很多的原理现在还是遭到了质疑。challenge质疑，符合句意。 .汉译英不念旧恶也是一种美德，尤其在这样一个竞争激烈压力巨大的社会。(stressful)(2017·江苏·书面表达) It is also a virtue to forgive and forget，especially in such a competitive and stressful society. 1．The movie star always gives attention to her public. 2．Taxes are what we pay for civilized society. 3．I wish mother was here instead of you! 4．What have you added to the sauce? 5．These patients should consult their own doctors first of all. pay off得到好结果；付清；(付清工资后)解雇；取得成功 pay back偿还；向……报复 pay up付清；还清 pay a visit to访问 You’ll pay for that remark! 你要为你的话付出代价的！ Pay off your credit card every month. 记得每月还清你的信用卡。夯实基础用pay off，pay back，pay for的适当形式填空 (1)Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. (2)Two hundred workers have been paid off. (3)Can you lend me $10？I’ll pay you back on Friday. Ⅰ.单项填空 1．When I was a child，mother great stress my proper behavior A．put；on B．add；in C．give；in D．add；up 答案 A 解析 put stress on sth.强调，重视，符合句意。 2．In the evening the car broke down suddenly and the heavy rain the helplessness of the girl driver on the country road. A．resulted from B．made up C．turned out D．added to 答案 D 解析 根据句意，此处应用add to(增添)。 3．We should pay attention to the environment and we must do all we can the pollution A．protect，to reduce B．protecting，to reduce C．protect，reduce D．protecting，reduce 答案 B 解析 pay attention to，to为介词；第二个空考查不定式作目的状语，因此选B项。 4．—Li Feng won the first prize in the national English competition. —Oh，really？I’m glad that his efforts at last . A．worked out B．got back C．paid off D．turned out 答案 C 解析 后句句意为：真的吗？我很高兴他的努力最终获得了回报。pay off取得成功，获得回报。 .汉译英 1．但是，由于整天只顾忙于自己的学习，我很少注意妈妈的需要和感受。(pay attention to)(2011·江苏·书面表达) But，totally engaged in my own study，I seldom pay attention to what mother needs and feels. 2．我们应该多沟通并且换位思考，而不是互相指责。(instead of)(2017·江苏·书面表达) Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place. 翻译句子 (1)Fishing is prohibited here. 此处禁止垂钓。 (2)Then I couldn’t help feeling proud of our country. 这时我不由得不为祖国感到骄傲。 (3)The wind has stopped blowing. 风已经不刮了。 (4)I remember seeing the book somewhere. 我记得在哪里见过这本书。 1 what引导名词性从句，在句中作主语。what是连接代词，引导的从句还可作宾语、表语等，what本身在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 What I said is for your own good. 我说的都是为了你好。 Everyone is confused by what the professor said. 大家对教授说的感到困惑。夯实基础用what，that填空 (1)China is no longer what she used to be ten years ago. (2)You may rely on it that I shall help you. (3)The factory was set up in what was a waste land several years ago. (4)What surprised me was that he did very well in the exam. make的意思是“使……如何”，在此结构中可用作宾补的有名词、代词、形容词、不定式(省to)、过去分词、介词短语等。make变为被动语态时，不定式作主语的补足语时要带to。 We have made our school a garden. 我们已使学校成了一个花园。 Failure in the exam makes him discouraged. 考试不及格令他灰心丧气。夯实基础 (1)It is difficult to make myself understood in English. 我很难用英语把自己的想法表达清楚。 (2)The boss made us work 16 hours a day. 老板让我们每天工作16小时。 (3)Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. 保罗不必被逼着学习。 Ⅰ.单项填空 1．Many young people in the west are expected to leave could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck. A．as B．that C．which D．what 答案 D 解析 句意为：据预料，西方许多年轻人把人生最重要的决定，即婚姻问题完全听任于命运的安排。leave后面的“ could be life’s most important decision”是宾语从句，空白处要作从句的主语，能作主语的是what或which，而which的意思是“哪一个”，不合题意。that仅仅起引导从句的作用，不在从句中作成分。 2．Accustomed to the steep mountains，he had no difficulty reaching the top. A．climbing B．climb C．climbed D．have climbed 答案 A 解析 be accustomed to习惯于……，其中to是介词，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。 3．They got wellprepared for the exam，for they couldn’t risk the good opportunity. A．to lose B．losing C．to be lost D．being lost 答案 B 解析 risk doing...冒着做……的危险。 4．No one really knows for sure makes a person become righthanded rather than lefthanded. A．whatever B．who C．what D．whoever 答案 C 解析 know后所跟的是宾语从句。句意为：没人能确切地知道是什么使一个人用右手而不用左手。what什么，作从句的主语。whatever无论什么；who谁；whoever无论谁，不符合句意。 .汉译英最重要的是我经常浏览英语网站——Enjoy Reading——网站里提供最新的信息、阅读材料等等。(what引导名词性从句)(2017·山东·写作) What is the most important is that I often surf on an English website—EnjoyReading，in which it offers the latest news，reading materials and so on. 1．The watch was very good，and he 20 percent down for it.(2017·新课标全国，8) A．paid B．cost C．bought D．spent 答案 A 解析 句意为：这块手表非常不错，并且他只支付了20%的定金。pay down先付(首付、定金)，符合句意。sth.cost(s) sb.money某物花费某人多少钱，主语为“物”；sb.buy(s) sth.for money某人买某物花多少钱，for后接money；sb.spend(s) money on sth.某人花钱买某物，主语为“人”，与介词on搭配。 2． basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. (2017·福建，22) A．Known B．Having known C．Knowing D．Being known 答案 C 解析 本题主要考查动名词短语作主语的用法。句意为：了解基本的急救知识将帮助你迅速应对突发事件。Knowing basic firstaid techniques在句中作主语。 3．The athlete’s years of hard training when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.(2017·安徽，28) A．went on B．got through C．paid off D．ended up 答案 C 解析 句意为：当这个运动员最终获得奥运会金牌时，她多年的刻苦训练总算得到了回报。go on继续，接下去；get through渡过难关；pay off得到回报；end up以……告终。该运动员获得奥运会金牌是对她多年刻苦训练的“回报”，故选C项。 4．Before a problem can be solved，it must be obvious the problem itself is.(2011·湖南，31) A．what B．that C．which D．why 答案 A 解析 句意为：在一个问题被解决之前，必须弄清问题本身所在。it must be obvious the problem itself is中，it作形式主语， the problem itself is从句是真正的主语，从句中缺少表语，再根据引导词的意义，可知选what。 5． Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.(2011·北京，22) A．Which B．What C．That D．Whom 答案 B 解析 句意为：芭芭拉·琼斯为其粉丝带来的是诚实和幸福。分析主语从句可知，句中缺少宾语成分，故选项B正确。which哪一个；that不在从句中担当任何成分；whom指人，都不符合要求。 6．Computers and mobile phones，though they are indeed making our life and more ，have reduced the need for facetoface communications.(2010·江西，28) A．easily；efficient B．easier；efficient C．easy；efficiently D．easily；efficiently 答案 B 解析 句意为：电脑和手机，尽管它们的确使我们的生活更加舒适、更加有效率，但是也降低了面对面交流的需求。“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾补形式可以由形容词充当，故只有B项正确。 7．Some people fear that air pollution may bring about changes in weather around the world.(2009·江西，25) A．/；the B．the；/ C．an；the D．the；a 答案 A 解析 第一空后的air pollution是不可数名词，而且是泛指，所以此空不需要填任何冠词；第二空后的weather受到了around the world的修饰，所以weather前需要加定冠词the。 .单项填空 1．When we visited my old family home，memory came back. A．flooding B．to flood C．flood D．flooded 答案 A 解析 考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语用作方式状语，flood用作动词，意为“涌到，淹没”。 2．— do you visit your parents? —Every days. A．How much；a few B．How soon；few C．How long；third D．How often；five or six 答案 D 解析 every...days表达频率，应用how often提问。 3．On September 25， Ukrainian ship became the victim of robbers in Gulf of Aden near Somalia. A．a；the B．a；/ C．an；the D．an；/ 答案 A 解析 第一个空格泛指一艘乌克兰的船，乌克兰这个英语单词首字母不是发元音的，第二个空格亚丁湾是个专用名词，应用定冠词the。 4．The officials have indicated that a new building will be built in 2017 can house another 1,000 students. A．when B．what C．which D．where 答案 C 解析 考查定语从句。该句的先行词是a new building，关系词在定语从句中作主语，因此选关系代词which。 5．Then that the war was over. A．the news came B．came the news C．did the news come D．did come the news 答案 B 解析 考查倒装。then作状语置于句首时，句子要用完全倒装语序。使用这种倒装句型时应注意主语必须为名词，当主语为代词时句子不用倒装。 6．The win in the 100meter butterfly gives the American swimmer Michael Phelps eight gold medals in Beijing， the record set by American legend Mark Spitz at the 1972 Munich Games. A．breaking B．broken C．to break D．being broken 答案 A 解析 考查非谓语动词。根据句意，应为现在分词作结果状语，表示一种自然结果，故选A项。 7．—I wonder whether the speaker has arrived. — ，I’ll check at the reception desk. A．Wait and see B．Beg your pardon C．If you’ll excuse me D．It’s still early 答案 C 解析 考查交际用语。C项表示客气的请求“如果你不介意的话”。A项“等等看吧”；B项“请原谅；请再说一遍”；D项“时间还早”。 8．As teachers，we be considerate of our students’ feelings and appeal to them.Only in this way will they trust us. A．would B．should C．ought D．might 答案 B 解析 考查情态动词的基本用法。句意为：作为老师，我们对学生应该体贴并激发他们的兴趣。只有这样我们才能取得他们的信任。should＝ought to＝be supposed to。 9．He was driving home on the highway last night when he was stopped by a policeman， . A．who was charged by speeding B．who accused him of speeding C．which was warned of speeding D．whom reminded him to speed 答案 B 解析 本题综合考查几个语言点。首先是考查非限制性定语从句，修饰policeman；其次考查“因……而控告某人”的表达，应用accuse...of或charge...with。综上所述，最佳答案为B项。 10． that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to awards. A．It is widely accepted B．What is widely accepted C．Which is widely accepted D．That is widely accepted 答案 A 解析 考查从句。从空格处后的that可知，句子所含从句为主语从句。若选B项，则应改为：What is widely accepted is that...。 .阅读理解 When next year’s crop of highschool graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall，they will be joined by a new face：Andrew Hamilton，the 55yearold provost(教务长) of Yale，who will become Oxford’s vicechancellor—a position equal to university president in America. Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic.Schools in France，Egypt，Singapore，etc. have also recently made toplevel hires from abroad.Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays，and like so many businesses，it’s gone global.Yet the talent flow isn’t universal.Highlevel personnel(人员) tend to head in only one direction：Outward from America. The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad.For example，when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president，it wanted a leader familiar with the state government，a major source of the university’s budget.“We didn’t do any global consideration，”says Patricia Hayes，the board’s chair.The board finally picked Bruce Benson，a 69yearold Colorado businessman and political activist who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents：fundraising.Fundraising is a particularly American thing，since U．S.schools rely heavily on donations.The fundraising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity. Many European universities，meanwhile，are still mostly dependent on government funding.But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student numbers.The decline in government support has made fundraising an increasingly necessary ability among administrators(管理人员)，and has made hiring committees hungry for Americans. In the past few years，wellknown schools around the world have joined the trend.In 2003，when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard，another former Yale provost，as its vicechancellor，the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen(监督) “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.” Of course，fundraising isn’t the only skill outsiders offer.The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body.Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective(视角) on established practices. 1．What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the text? A．Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U．S. B．American universities are enrolling more international students. C．University presidents are paying more attention to fundraising. D．A lot of activists are being hired as administrators. 答案 A 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Highlevel personnel(人员) tend to head in only one direction：Outward from America.”可知答案。另外，第四段最后一句和第五段首句“...have joined the trend.”也有提示。 2．What do we learn about European universities from the text? A．The tuition they charge has been rising considerably. B．They are strengthening their position by globalization. C．Their operation is under strict government control. D．Most of their money comes from the government. 答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段首句“...mostly dependent on government funding.”可知答案。 3．In what way do toplevel administrators from abroad contribute to university development? A．They can improve the university’s image. B．They will bring with them more international personnel. C．They will view a lot of things from a new angle. D．They can set up new academic subjects. 答案 C 解析 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective(视角) on established practices.”可知。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Higher Education Globalization B．Global Headhunting in Higher Education C．Global Higher Education Cooperation D．Universal Higher Education Development 答案 B 解析 标题归纳题。文章重点介绍欧洲甚至全球高校喜欢聘用美国高校高级管理人才的现象及其产生原因和作用，所以答案为Global Headhunting in Higher Education(高校全球猎头)。文章中的2个阅读障碍句分析 1．For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget.(Paragraph 3) 句式分析：when引导时间状语从句；search for寻找；familiar with...为形容词短语作后置定语，修饰a leader。自主翻译：例如，当科罗拉多大学董事会寻找一位新校长时，它需要的是一位熟悉州政府事务和学校资金主要来源的校长。 2．The board finally picked Bruce Benson, a 69yearold Colorado businessman and political activist who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fundraising.(Paragraph 3) 句式分析：a 69yearold Colorado businessman and political activist在句中作同位语，解释说明Bruce Benson；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词Burce Benson。自主翻译：董事会最终选择了布鲁斯·本森，一位69岁的科罗拉多州的商人和政治活动家，他有可能做好现代大学校长的主要任务：筹集资金。 .写作二最近，某英文报征集以“My Idea of Going Online”为题的短文。请根据以下表格提示给该报投稿。 Advantages Disadvantages Your Opinions A kind of skill Quick and large amount of information Convenience Less exercise Harmful to your health Dependent on others/Less thinking on their own Lack of creativity Less social communication … 注意：(1)参考提示内容，可适当发挥； (2)内容充实，结构完整，语义连贯； (3)词数不少于80； (4)题目已给出，不计入总词数。 My Idea of Going Online 参考范文 My Idea of Going Online Nowadays，computers play an important role in people’s life.More and more people go online for information，knowledge，or fun.Using computers is a must skill for modern life.And the Internet brings convenience and other advantages to people，like quick messages，saving time，no limit of places and so on. However，spending too much time online may bring disadvantages.First，it will do harm to people’s health.It may lead to diseases in your eyes，neck，heart，waist and so on.And having little time to do sports will make this become even worse.Second，if you’re addicted to the Internet，you’ll probably depend on others’ achievements and thus have little time to do things creatively.Third，you may even lack real social activities.As time goes by，you’re likely to feel lonely and unhappy. In a word，to live a healthy and happy life，you should arrange your time properly.
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