2017届湖北专版高考英语一轮复习讲义：Unit2《Cloning》（新人教版）选修8（课前基础导练+课堂互动探究+课后知能提升）

　　Unit 2　Cloning

　　晨背三部曲（话题：计划与愿望）

　　经典词汇

　　1.attitude n.

　　态度2．ambition n.

　　雄心3．achievement n.

　　成就；功绩4．opportunity n.

　　机会；机遇5．challenge n.

　　挑战6．goal n.

　　目标7．schedule/timetable n.

　　时间表8．decide/determine v.

　　决定；下决心9．intend v.

　　想要；打算；计划10．arrange v.

　　安排11．seek v.

　　追求；寻求12．overcome v.

　　战胜；克服13．complete v.

　　完成14．postpone v.

　　推迟15．possible adj.

　　可能的 16.as far as I know　据我所知17．set a goal for oneself

　　为自己确定

　　目标18．make the best/most of

　　充分利用19．a waste of time

　　浪费时间20．get ready for

　　为……做好准备21．feel like doing sth.

　　想要做某事22．in the near future

　　在不久的将来23．all the best

　　一切顺利24．make/keep/stick to/carry out a plan

　　制定/遵守/坚持/执行计划

　　连词成句

　　1．such, arrangement, the day's activity (用倒装句式)

　　Such is the arrange­ment for the day's activity.

　　2．what, make, unique, it, being held, developing country, for the first time (用主语从句和表语从句)

　　What_makes_it_unique_is_that_it_is_being_held

　　_in_a_developing_coun­try_for_the_first_time.

　　3．speak of, volunteer, work, I, mainly, help out, here (用现在分词短语作状语)

　　Speaking_of_volunteer_work,_I'm_mainly_helping_out_here.

　　Ⅰ.词海拾贝

　　基础记忆

　　1．straightforward adj.　简单的；直接的；坦率的

　　2．breakthrough n.

　　突破

　　3．altogether adv.

　　总共；完全地

　　4．obtain vt.

　　获得；赢得

　　5．attain vt.

　　获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)

　　6．accumulate vt.& vi.

　　积累；聚积

　　7．owe vt.

　　欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……

　　8．bother vt.

　　打扰vi.

　　操心n.

　　烦扰

　　9．vain adj.

　　虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的

　　10．resist vt.

　　抵抗；对抗

　　11．drawback n.

　　缺点；不利条件

　　12．adore vt.

　　崇拜；爱慕；喜爱

　　13．differ vi.不同；相异→different adj.不同的；与众不同的→difference n．差异；不同

　　14．undertake vt.着手；从事；承担→undertook (过去式)→undertaken (过去分词)

　　15．cast vt.扔；投；掷→cast/cast (过去式/过去分词)

　　16．object vi.反对；不赞成→objection n．不赞成；反对；异议

　　17．forbid vt.禁止；不准→forbade/forbad (过去式)→forbidden (过去分词)

　　18．retire vi.退休；离开→retirement n．退休

　　19．strike vi.& vt.& n．打；撞击；罢工→struck/struck (过去式/过去分词)

　　语境记忆

　　20．Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it, while his father objected to it.(object)

　　21．From the appearance, we can not tell the differences between the twins, though they always have some different ideas.(differ)

　　篇章记忆

　　Shortly afterwards, the media published a conservative argument objecting to cloning owing to moral problems, and suggested the constitution include compulsory regulations to forbid obtaining commercial profits from cloning.

　　Ⅱ.短语互译

　　1.得到好结果；取得成功；偿清　pay_off

　　2．反对

　　object_to

　　3．状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)

　　in_good/poor_condition

　　4．一定或注定(做)……

　　(be)_bound_to_(do)_．..

　　5．不时；偶尔

　　from_time_to_time

　　6．使复生；使复活

　　bring_back_to_life

　　7．cast down

　　沮丧；不愉快

　　8．strike ...into one's heart

　　使……刻骨铭心

　　9．in vain

　　白费力气；枉费心机

　　10．in favour of

　　赞成；支持

　　11．owe ...to ...

　　把……归功于……

　　12．have

　　a great impact on

　　对……有很大影响

　　Ⅲ.句型一览

　　1.The fact＋that同位语从句

　　The fact that_she_seemed_to_develop_normally (看来它是在正常地成长着)was very encouraging.

　　2．the news＋that 同位语从句

　　Then came_the_disturbing_news_that (传来令人沮丧的消息) Dolly had become seriously ill.

　　3．whether ...or ...引导的名词性从句

　　However, scientists still wonder whether_cloning_will_help_or_harm_us (克隆技术会帮助我们还是伤害我们) and where it is leading us.

　　4．疑问词＋插入语＋陈述语序

　　What_do_you_think_is (你认为是什么) the writer's point of view in this reading passage?

　　5．with的复合结构

　　Diversity in a group means having animals with_their_genes_arranged_in_different_ways (拥有排列方式不同的基因)．

　　6．that引导的表语从句

　　The_advantage_is_that (其优势是) if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.

　　Ⅳ.语法自测——同位语(从句)

　　完成句子

　　1．The news that_house_prices_will_fall has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)

　　房价将要下跌的消息已经导致许多人以较低价将房子卖掉了。

　　2．The old­fashioned belief that_women_should_stay at home and do household chores while men pursue their careers should be changed now.(stay)

　　女人应该待在家里做家务而男人在外追求事业这一老观念现在应该改变。

　　3．The thought that_they_can_cross_the_whole_continent was very exciting.(cross)

　　他们横穿整个大陆的想法很令人兴奋。

　　4．More than 200 million people in China suffer high blood pressure, and 70% of them are unaware of the fact that_they_have_the_illness/disease.(have)

　　中国有2亿多人患高血压，他们中70%不知道他们有这种病。

　　5．There is much discussion about the question how_the_rising_food_prices_are_affecting ordinary people.(affect)

　　关于正在上涨的食品价格正在如何影响老百姓的问题有许多的讨论。

　　1.undertake (undertook, undertaken) vt.着手；从事；承担；保证

　　①Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support.(2017·福建阅读E)

　　多数学校承担着团体或个体教育扶持的项目。

　　undertake a task/responsibility

　　承担任务/责任

　　undertake to do sth.

　　同意、答应或着手做某事

　　undertake for ...

　　为……负责

　　undertake that ...

　　保证……

　　②Take it easy.I'll undertake for your security.

　　别着急，我将保证你的安全。

　　③I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.

　　我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。

　　【对点练习】

　　用undertake的相关短语完成下列句子

　　①我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。

　　We are supposed to undertake_the_responsibility to lead a low­carbon lifestyle, which is of great significance.

　　②他答应在星期五以前完成那项工作。

　　He undertook_to_finish the job by Friday.

　　2.object vi.反对；不赞成 n．物体；目标

　　(1)object to sb./sth.反对；不赞成某人/某事

　　object to doing sth.

　　反对做某事

　　object that ...

　　反对……

　　(2)objection n.

　　反对；厌恶

　　raise an objection to (doing) sth.

　　对(做)……提出异议

　　have/make an/no objection to (doing) sth.

　　对(做)……表示反对/同意

　　Many people object to experimentation on animals.

　　许多人反对用动物做实验。

　　②We are determined to carry out the plan if you have no objection.

　　如果你不反对，我们决心实施这项计划。

　　【对点练习】

　　一句多译

　　他反对被人当孩子一样对待。

　　①He_objects_to_being_treated like a child.

　　②He has/makes_an_objection_to_being_treated like a child.

　　3.forbid (forbade/forbad, forbidden) vt. 禁止；不准

　　①Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.(2017·天津阅读A)

　　请注意食物和水果在图书馆中是被禁止的，但是随身携带饮料和糖果是被允许的。

　　(1)forbid sb.to do sth.　禁止某人做某事

　　forbid doing sth.

　　禁止做某事

　　forbid that ...

　　禁止……(从句中常用

　　should＋动词原形)

　　(2)forbid sb.sth.

　　禁止某人某事

　　forbid sb.from doing

　　禁止某人做……

　　(3)It's forbidden to do sth.

　　做某事是禁止的

　　②The law forbids smoking in public buildings.

　　法律禁止在公共场所吸烟。

　　③He forbade his children sweets because he didn't want their teeth to be ruined.

　　他不许孩子们吃糖，因为他不想让他们的牙齿受损。

　　【联想发散】根据提示写出和forbid一样能用于下列结构的单词。

　　①allow允许

　　②advise建议

　　③admit承认

　　④permit许可

　　⑤encourage鼓励

　　【对点练习】

　　句型转换

　　①The heavy rain forbade us to go out, so we had to stay at home aimlessly.(改为独立主格结构)

　　→The heavy rain forbidding us to go out,_we had to stay at home aimlessly.

　　②We were forbidden from going out, so we had to stay at home aimlessly.(改为分词作状语)

　　→Forbidden from going out,_we had to stay at home aimlessly.

　　4.owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢

　　(1) owe sb.a favo(u)r欠某人一个人情

　　owe sb.an apology

　　该向某人道歉

　　owe sb.sth.＝ owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物

　　(2)owe ... to ...

　　把……归功于……

　　owe it to sb. that ...

　　多亏某人……

　　(3)owing to ...

　　因为；由于

　　①Thanks for sticking up for me, I owe you a favour.

　　谢谢你支持我，我欠你一个人情。

　　②I owe it to the doctor that I am still alive.

　　我仍然活着，这要归功于那位医生。

　　③Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled.

　　比赛因下雨取消了。

　　【对点练习】

　　完成句子

　　①I owe_you_an_apology for having been so rude to you last night.(owe)

　　昨晚我太粗暴了，应该向你道歉。

　　②The well­known scientist always says that he owes_all_his_success_to the support of his family.(owe)

　　这位著名的科学家常说他的成功归功于家人的支持。

　　5.bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n．烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人

　　(1)bother sb. with/about sth.　为某事打扰或麻烦某人

　　bother about/with sth.

　　为某事烦恼

　　bother to do sth.

　　特意/操心做某事

　　It bothers sb.that/to do sth.

　　使某人苦恼的是

　　(2)put sb.to bother

　　给某人添乱/让某人心烦

　　①In this kind of high­pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings.(2017·江苏任务型阅读改编)

　　在这种重压下，很多领导人频繁开会，从而让员工感到厌烦。

　　②He has no time to bother with trifles.

　　他没有时间去烦扰这些琐事。

　　【关键一点】　bother作“麻烦”“困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物”“讨厌的人”讲时，是单数可数名词。

　　【语境串记】　He is really a bother, for he is always putting others to bother.

　　他确实是个极为讨厌的人，总是给别人添堵。

　　【对点练习】

　　一句多译

　　一直没有对他讲真话，这让我很苦恼。

　　①It_bothers_me_not_to have told him the truth.

　　②It_bothers_me_that I haven't told him the truth.

　　③Not having told him the truth puts_me_to_bother.

　　6.pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清

　　①Our determination and patience paid off with a breakthrough — we got full marks in the exam.

　　我们的决心和耐心有了突破性的结果，在考试中我们得了满分。

　　pay sb.for sth.付钱给某人作为……的费用

　　pay for sth.

　　为……付费/吃苦头/受惩罚

　　pay back

　　还钱；报复

　　pay a price for ...

　　为……付出代价

　　②You can pay back the loan over a period of three years.

　　你可以在三年内还清贷款。

　　③Loss of health is too high a price to pay for success.

　　为了成功而搞垮身体，代价太高了。

　　【对点练习】

　　介、副词填空

　　①Can you lend me ￡10 and I'll pay you back on Friday?

　　②You'll have to pay for your carelessness.

　　③The efforts made by Adrian and his parents paid off.

　　【真题印证】

　　④(2017·安徽高考)The athlete's years of hard training ________ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.

　　A．went on　B．got through

　　C．paid off

　　D．ended up

　　解析：选C　考查动词短语辨析。句意：当这名运动员最终获得奥运会金牌时，她多年的刻苦训练总算得到了回报。go on“继续下去”；get through“完成；处理”；pay off“取得成功；奏效”；end up“最终处于……”。

　　7.in favour of赞成；支持

　　(1)in sb.'s favour　 　对某人有利的

　　in favour

　　赞同的；流行的；得宠的

　　out of favour

　　不流行的；失宠的

　　帮某人的忙

　　帮忙做某事

　　(3)favourable adj.

　　喜爱的；赞同的

　　I'm all in favour of people doing whatever they want as long as they don't bother anyone else.

　　我完全支持人们做他们想做的事情，只要他们不妨碍别人。

　　②He did her a great favour by giving her some valuable suggestions on her essay.

　　他对她的文章提了一些很有价值的建议，帮了她一个大忙。

　　【联想发散】常见的“in＋名词＋of”的短语还有：

　　①in memory of ...　为了纪念……

　　②in honor of ...

　　为了……向……表示尊敬

　　③in case of

　　以防；万一

　　④in search of

　　寻找

　　⑤in charge of

　　负责；管理

　　⑥in place of

　　代替

　　⑦in need of

　　需要

　　【对点练习】

　　用favour的相关短语完成句子

　　①The decision went in_his_favour (对他有利).

　　②The book is in_favour (流行) and sells well.

　　③I'm afraid I'm out_of_favour (不受欢迎的) at the moment.

　　④My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was in_favour_of (赞成) it.

　　8.in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏

　　out of condition健康状况欠佳

　　working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/学习环境

　　on condition that ...

　　在……条件下；倘若……

　　on no condition

　　一点也不；决不(位于句首时，用部分倒装语序)

　　①The car has been well maintained and is in good condition.

　　这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。

　　②Having been out of condition for several weeks, he decided to travel.

　　由于几周来健康状况不佳，他决定去旅游。

　　【对点练习】

　　句型转换

　　①You should tell him what has happened on no condition.(改为倒装句)

　　→On no condition should you tell him what has happened.

　　②They agreed to lend us the car as long as we returned it before the weekend.(同义句转换)

　　→They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.

　　①differ vi.　不同；相异

　　differ from ... ＝ be different from ...

　　与……不同

　　differ in ...

　　在……方面不同

　　②strike vi.& vt.

　　打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时；划

　　(火柴)

　　n.

　　罢工

　　It strikes sb. that ...

　　某人突然意识到

　　be struck by ...

　　被……打动；深受感动

　　③resist vt.

　　抵抗；对抗；抗拒；抵制；忍住

　　resist (doing) sth.

　　抵制(做)某事

　　can't/couldn't resist doing sth./can't help doing sth.

　　忍不住做某事

　　④(be)

　　bound to (do) ...

　　一定或注定(做)……；有责任或义务(做)……

　　　【对点练习】

　　结合上述词汇完成下列句子

　　①她眼睛的颜色与姐姐的不同。

　　She differs_from/is_different_from her sister in the colour of her eyes.

　　②我突然想到，我们应该制订一个新的方案。

　　It_suddenly_struck_me_that we ought to make a new plan.

　　③假期一开始，我就忍不住上网聊天。

　　I_couldn't_resist_chatting_online at the beginning of my vacation.

　　④如果你学习更多实用句型，你肯定能成功。

　　You_are_bound_to_succeed if you learn more useful sentence patterns.

　　1.The fact that__she_seemed_to_develop_normally was very encouraging.

　　看来多莉是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。

　　【句型透视】此句中that引导的从句为同位语从句，对fact进行解释说明，that仅起连接词的作用，无意义且不能省略。

　　(1)常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有fact, request, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, fear, possibility等。

　　We should consider the students' request that the school library provide more books on popular science.

　　我们应该考虑学生的这个要求，即学校图书馆应该多提供一些大众科学方面的书籍。

　　(2)同位语从句中表示“是否”时用whether而不用if。

　　The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.

　　我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有得到解决。

　　(3)特殊疑问词也可以引导同位语从句，注意从句用陈述句语序。

　　I have no idea where the new library will be built.

　　我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪里。

　　【个性比较】　that引导定语从句和同位语从句

　　定语从句 that一方面起引导从句的作用，另一方面在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略

　　同位语从句 that仅起连接词的作用，对前面的名词进行解释说明，无意义且不能省略

　　【对点练习】

　　完成句子

　　①The news (that)_he_told_us was not true.(tell)

　　他告诉我们的消息不是真的。

　　②The news that_our_football_team_had_won_the_match was encouraging.(win)

　　我们足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。

　　2.The_advantage_is_that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.

　　其优势在于如果出现了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死去，另外一些却能存活下来，并把抵抗那种疾病的能力传给下一代。

　　【句型透视】(1)The advantage is that ...“优势是……”，此处that引导表语从句。

　　The advantage is that smiling can not only make us happy, but also please others.

　　其优势在于微笑不仅仅让我们高兴，还能取悦别人。

　　(2)类似的其他句型还有：

　　The advantage/strength of ... is that ...

　　　……的优势是……

　　The disadvantage of ... is that ...

　　……的不足是……

　　The drawback of ... is that ...

　　……的缺点是……

　　The problem of ... is that ...

　　……的问题是……

　　The advantage of using your university accommodation is that you can get support if you have a problem.(2017·浙江阅读B)2-1-c-n-j-y

　　在你所就读的大学里住宿的优势在于如果你有问题可以得到帮助。

　　The drawback of the popularity of cars is that it brings about so much air pollution.

　　汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。

　　【对点练习】

　　完成句子

　　①The_problem_of_the_table_is_that it's too big for our room. (be)

　　这张桌子的问题是放在我们屋子里太大了。

　　②One major disadvantage_of__the_area_is_that there is no public transport.(be)

　　这个地区的一大不便之处就是缺少公共交通工具。

　　Ⅰ.单词拼写

　　1．The scientists are struggling for a breakthrough (突破) in cancer research.

　　2．Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain (获得) valuable information.

　　3．The movie directed by him was a great commercial (商业的) success.

　　4．She is overweight, but she can't resist (抵抗) eating more delicious food.

　　5．The advantage (优点) of cycling to work is that we can live a low­carbon life.

　　6．The exact (确切的) date of the event has escaped me.

　　7．In order to forbid_ (禁止) the technique, they take some practical measures.

　　8．There are some confusion about what the correct procedure_ (步骤) should be.

　　9．The choice of players for the team seemed completely arbitrary (随意的)．

　　10．A T­shirt can be an excellent medium (媒介) for getting your message across.

　　Ⅱ.选词填空

　　feel1．People differ_greatly_in cloning technique.

　　2．Some people are in_favor_of the development of cloning technique.

　　3．They believe it will be_bound_to benefit us.

　　4．Others feel_cast_down to find that it could raise a storm of moral questions.

　　5．The scientists don't bother_to list as many disadvantages as possible.

　　6．We have a strong belief that cloning will pay_off_.

　　7．Cloning will pay off on_assumption_that all undertake to use it properly.

　　Ⅲ.根据汉语提示，选用练习Ⅰ、Ⅱ中的句子，加入适当过渡词后联句成篇

　　1．人们在克隆技术上分歧相当大。

　　2．一些人支持它的发展。

　　3．他们认为这项技术一定会有利于我们。

　　4．另外一些人发现克隆能引起一系列的道德问题。

　　5．他们感到很沮丧。

　　6．为了禁止这项技术，他们不厌其烦地列举尽可能多的缺点。

　　7．在我看来，只要所有的人都答应合理应用，克隆将会取得成功。

　　People differ greatly in cloning technique.Some people are in favor of its development, for they believe it will be bound to benefit us.On the contrary, others feel cast down to find that it could raise a storm of moral questions. In order to forbid the technique, they don't bother to list as many disadvantages as possible.However, in my opinion, cloning will pay off on assumption that all undertake to use it properly.

　　Ⅰ.多项选择

　　1．I know this is not quite the right word, but I can't be ________ to think of a better one.

　　A．disturbedB．bothered

　　C．troubled

　　D．worried

　　解析：选B　disturb常指精神上的混乱；bother“费心；麻烦”；trouble“麻烦(别人)”；worry“焦躁不安”。can't be bothered to do“嫌麻烦而不做……”。

　　2．I ________ a debt of gratitude to his family, so I'll do my best to help them whenever they are in trouble.

　　A．borrow

　　B．lend

　　C．owe

　　D．give

　　解析：选C　owe“欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……”，符合句意。borrow“借入”；lend“借出”；give“给予”。

　　3．(2017·襄阳调研)In making a scientific experiment, one should not be ________ by temporary setbacks but should persist in doing it hopefully.

　　A．cast down

　　B．put away

　　C．taken in

　　D．given out

　　解析：选A　句意：在做科学实验时，一个人不应由于暂时的挫折而沮丧，而应满怀希望地坚持做下去。A项意为“使沮丧；使不愉快”；B项意为“放好；存储”；C项意为“理解；欺骗”；D项意为“分发；公布”。根据语意可知，答案选A。

　　4．I devoted most of the time to my study, believing that hard work would ________ sooner or later.

　　A．take off

　　B．cut off

　　C．put off

　　D．pay off

　　解析：选D　pay off“取得成功；得到好结果”，符合句意。take off“(飞机)起飞”；cut off“切断；断绝”；put off“推迟”。

　　5．(2017·荆州质检)The TV show first aired in the UK in 2017 and ran till 2017, enjoying huge ________ in not just UK but across the whole world.

　　A．advantage

　　B．compliment

　　C．consequence

　　D．popularity

　　解析：选D　句意：这档电视节目自从2017年在英国第一次播放到2017年这段时间里，受到了英国甚至全世界观众的欢迎(popularity)。advantage“优势；利益”；compliment“恭维；致意”；consequence“结果；重要性”。根据语境可知，答案选D。

　　6．(2017·武昌区调研)Her ________ to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise, because she was just a fresh clerk in the company, working here only for one month.

　　A．adaptation

　　B．promotion

　　C．devotion

　　D．objection

　　解析：选B　句意：她被提升为销售部经理使每个人都大为吃惊，因为她不过是刚到公司来工作只有一个月的新职员而已。adaptation“改编；改写；适应”；promotion“提升；晋级；促销”；devotion“热爱；奉献；忠诚”；objection“反对；异议”。

　　7．I have no idea of what is in fashion nowadays, so my choice might be quite ________.

　　A．abundant

　　B．arbitrary

　　C．ambitious

　　D．aggressive

　　解析：选B　abundant“丰富的”；arbitrary“任意的；武断的”；considerate“体贴的；体谅的”；aggressive“好斗的”。由语境可知，“我”不知道当今的流行元素是什么，因此“我”的选择也许是很随意的。故B项正确。

　　8．(2017·武汉高中毕业生供题)A short man appeared suddenly in the doorway, and Dave had to pull up ________ so as to avoid bumping into him.

　　A．merely

　　B．sharply

　　C．shortly

　　D．desperately

　　解析：选B　句意：一个矮个子的人突然出现在门口，Dave只得迅速停下来，以免撞上他。merely“仅仅；只不过”；sharply“迅疾而突然地；严厉地”；shortly“不久；立刻；马上”；desperately“不顾一切地；拼命地”。

　　9．The first time he met the girl he was ________ by her wisdom and fell in love with her.

　　A．hit

　　B．hurt

　　C．struck

　　D．beaten

　　解析：选C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他第一次见到她时，就被她的才智所打动，并爱上了她。strike“打动”，符合句意。

　　10．All their attempts to rescue the old woman from the burning building were ________. She died soon afterwards.

　　A．in vain

　　B．in return

　　C．in place

　　D．in order

　　解析：选A　in vain“白费力气；枉费心机”，符合句意。in return“回报；作为报答”；in place“在适当的位置”；in order“整齐；秩序井然”。

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　　1．(2017·荆州质检)The CEO from the big company believed that it was the newcomers' ability that_made_a_difference,_not the university they graduated from.(difference)

　　这家大公司的首席执行官认为，真正重要的是新员工的能力，而不是他们毕业于什么大学。

　　2．Nowadays young people just can't live without the Internet; they depend on it for whatever_information_they_need.(need)

　　现在的年轻人离开网络就无法生活，不管他们需要什么信息他们都会通过互联网来获取。

　　3．From his words I could see that seldom did_he_set_aside some time to communicate with his children.(set)

　　从他的话中我可以看出，他很少抽出时间跟自己的孩子交谈。

　　4．Danby left a word with my secretary that_he_objected_to human beings cloning.(object)

　　Danby 留言给我的秘书说，他反对克隆人。

　　5．How I wish my friends would_have_an_idea_of what I've been going through recently.(idea)

　　我真希望我的朋友们能理解我最近所处的困境。

　　6．What_bothers_me_most is that he seems to take no interest in his school work.(bother)

　　最使我伤脑筋的是，他似乎对自己的功课毫无兴趣。

　　7．Nowadays more and more teenagers can_not_resist_becoming/being_addicted_to online games.(resist)

　　如今越来越多的青少年无法抵制地迷恋网络游戏。

　　8．With more_and_more_wealth_accumulated,_he becomes the richest person in our region.(accumulate)

　　随着财富越积越多，他成了我们这个地区的首富。

　　9．As_is_well_known,_everyone is forbidden to smoke in buses, regardless of what they are.(as)

　　众所周知，无论是谁，在公共汽车上都是禁止吸烟的。

　　10．I can't imagine there should_be_a_shortage_of_water in Yunnan, the southwest of China where there used to be adequate rain.(shortage)

　　我很难想象中国西南地区的云南竟然会缺水，那个地方原来雨水很充足。

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2017·龙岩质检)Scientists at Harvard University and Bates College find female chimpanzees (黑猩猩) appear to treat sticks as dolls, carrying them around until they have children of their own. Young males engage in such behavior much less frequently.

　　The new work by Sonya M. Kahlenberg and Richard W. Wrangham, described this week in the journal Current Biology, provides the first evidence of a wild non­human species playing with dolls, as well as the first known sex difference in a wild animal's choice of playthings.

　　The two researchers say their work adds to a growing body of evidence that human children are probably born with their own ideas of how they want to behave, rather than simply mirroring other girls who play with dolls and boys who play with trucks. Doll play among humans could have its origins in object­carrying by earlier apes (猿类), they say, suggesting that toy selection is probably not due entirely to socialization.

　　“In humans, there are obvious sex differences in children's toy play, and these are remarkably similar across cultures，” says Kahlenberg. “While socialization by elders and peers has been the primary explanation, our work suggests that biology may also have an important role to play in activity preferences.”

　　In 14 years of data on chimpanzee behavior at the Kibale National Park in Uganda，Kahlenberg and Wrangham counted more than 100 examples of stick­carrying.

　　Some young chimpanzees carried sticks into the nest to sleep with them and on one occasion built a separate nest for the stick. “We have seen juveniles occasionally carrying sticks for many years, and because they sometimes treated them rather like dolls, we wanted to know if in general this behavior tended to represent something like playing with dolls，” says Wrangham, a Professor at Harvard. “If the doll hypothesis (假设) was right, we thought that females should carry sticks more than males do, and that the chimpanzees should stop carrying sticks when they had their first child. We have now watched enough young chimpanzees to prove both points.”

　　1．What does a female chimpanzee do with sticks?

　　A．She gives them to her child to play with.

　　B．She treats them as weapons.

　　C．She treats them as dolls.

　　D．She makes useful tools from them.

　　解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，雌性黑猩猩会把棍子当作自己的玩偶。故选C项。

　　2．What causes the different toy selection of chimpanzees, according to the passage?

　　A．Socialization.

　　B．Sex difference.

　　C．Environment.

　　D．Cultural difference.

　　解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“as well as the first known sex difference ... playthings.”可知，性别差异是导致黑猩猩玩具选择差异的主要原因。故选B项。

　　3．We can infer from the fourth paragraph that ________.

　　A．socialization has nothing to do with human's choice of playthings

　　B．the biology factor may also influence toy choice

　　C．sex difference is the only factor in human's choice of playthings

　　D．people choose different toys in different cultures

　　解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第一句“our work suggests that biology may also have an important role to play in activity preferences.”可知，这两位科学家的研究表明：生物学因素也可能影响黑猩猩对玩具的偏好。A项与原文中的“While socialization by elders and peers has been the primary explanation”不符，故排除；C项过于绝对，D项文中未涉及。故选B项。

　　4．It can be concluded from the passage that ________.

　　A．chimpanzees usually choose playthings for their children

　　B．different factors cause humans and chimpanzees to choose different playthings

　　C．only female chimpanzees have playthings

　　D．both humans and chimpanzees choose their playthings due to sex difference

　　解析：选D　推理判断题。综合文章内容可知，无论是人类还是黑猩猩，性别是导致玩具选择差异的重要原因。故选D项。

　　B

　　(2017·辽宁五校联考)

　　Rockwatch — The Best Club on Earth

　　If you are young and interested in geology (地质学), then Rockwatch is the club for you. When you apply for membership, you'll receive a Rockwatch Rox file each. It has the information and top tips you will need to start enjoying geology. It's designed to serve as your own field notebook as well.

　　In it you will find your

　　●membership card

　　●full­colour minimap

　　●thumbs up guide

　　●fact cards

　　Rockwatch Magazine

　　Our lively magazine is mailed to members three times a

　　year.They can read reports and news from around the world, and articles on everything from diamonds to dinosaurs, earthquakes to erosion (侵蚀)．

　　Rockwatch Events

　　With each magazine you will receive a Rockwatch events calendar. Rocky activities suitable for families are listed and include road shows and guided walks.

　　The Rockwatch Rock Artist

　　Are you an artist, or a photographer? This is your chance to become Rockwatch Rock Artist of a year and win amazing prizes in our annual competition.

　　Special Offer

　　Rockwatch

　　members

　　can

　　have

　　specially

　　discounted Wildlife Watch membership.

　　Wildlife Watch is the biggest environmental action club for young people, with 100 groups across the country. You can join both clubs together by filling in the boxes in the membership form.

　　5．The magazine Rockwatch mails to its members and tells about things related to ________.

　　A．geologyB．agriculture

　　C．politics

　　D．economics

　　解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章的第一句可知，Rockwatch是以地质学为主题的俱乐部，由Rockwatch Magazine下面的“articles on everything from diamonds to dinosaurs, earthquakes to erosion(侵蚀)”可推知，Rockwatch俱乐部邮寄的杂志是关于地质学的。

　　6．What activities are specially arranged for Rockwatch members interested in photography?

　　A．Guided walks.

　　B．Rocky activities.

　　C．Yearly competitions.

　　D．Academic workshops.

　　解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，如果你是一名艺术家或摄影师，可以参加一年一度的比赛，获得大奖。

　　7．When applying for Wildlife Watch membership, a Rockwatch member can enjoy ________.

　　A．free membership

　　B．a special discount

　　C．a Rock Artist prize

　　D．guided road shows

　　解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句“Rockwatch members can have specially discounted Wildlife Watch membership.”可知，申请Wildlife Watch membership时，Rockwatch members 可以享受特别折扣。

　　8．You may join both Rockwatch and Wildlife Watch clubs by ________.

　　A．calling the two clubs

　　B．providing references

　　C．applying separately

　　D．filling in one form

　　解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句“You can join both clubs together by filling in the boxes in the membership form.”可推知，你可以填一张申请表，同时加入两个俱乐部。

　　写作技能提升(七)　热点话题集锦

　　1．写作话题：Frustration and failure

　　提示语：If there is any single factor that makes for success in our life，it is the ability to profit from frustration.

　　素材：Don't confuse frustration with failure. If so, you are doomed (注定) to fail. It isn't frustration that makes you fail. In fact, you should see in it the guide and encouragement for success.

　　2．写作话题：Volunteer and happiness

　　提示语：It is true that some of the happiest people in the world are those who help to bring happiness to others.

　　素材： Each nation has many people who help to take care of others. For example, some high school and college students in the U．S.A. often spend many hours as volunteers in the hospitals, orphanages or rest homes.

　　3．写作话题：Friendship

　　提示语：If you are in trouble, real friends will surround you and remove the barriers for you.

　　素材：We admire the great friendship between Marx and Engel, which firmly combined them and pushed them forward on the road to exploring and fulfilling Communism.

　　4．写作话题：Dream and reality

　　提示语：Everyone has dreams. However, most of the dreams can't be achieved.

　　素材：Some people want to be rich, dreaming of becoming millionaires overnight. Others want to be famous, dreaming of suddenly jumping to great fame. However, I knew very well that I could not succeed without painstaking efforts.

　　5．写作话题：Important changes in life

　　提示语：Something bad turns out to be a great gain.

　　素材：Sometimes things happen to you that may seem horrible, painful, and unfair at first, but upon reflection you find that without overcoming those obstacles you would never have realized your potential and strength.

　　6．写作话题：Dependence and independence

　　提示语： Depending on yourself is what nature says to every man.

　　素材：As a man develops, he gets help from others continuously. Parents can help you. Teachers can help you. Others still can help you. But all these people only help you to help yourself.

　　7．写作话题：Mistakes and progress

　　提示语：Mistakes and errors are the discipline through which we advance in life.

　　素材：Mistakes are great teachers. Success comes to those who are willing to risk making mistakes in the pursuit of their goals and aspirations, and who are able to learn from those mistakes. Mistakes are lessons of wisdom. The past cannot be changed. The present is yet in your power and take full advantage of it in achieving your goals.

　　8．写作话题：Failure and learning

　　提示语：Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts grown­ups and children exactly alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it.

　　素材：Failures are a part of our lives. Every failure is a stepping stone to success. Failure teaches us a lot. It guides and inspires us to put in more efforts.

　　9．写作话题：The value of reading books

　　提示语：Books are our friends. Books are our teachers.

　　素材：People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I don't think so. In my opinion, to read books is more valuable than anything else.

　　10．写作话题：Perseverance and win

　　提示语：Try and try until you succeed.

　　素材：This saying shows the importance of perseverance and I have found in my experience that only through hard work can we succeed.

　　11．写作话题：Wealth and happiness

　　提示语：It is true that with enough money one can buy all the things one wants, and live a life of comfort and security. However, money does not necessarily mean happiness.

　　素材：It is equally true that lack of money may cause great distress. However, there are still many other things that cannot be bought with money: health, life, happiness, friendship, love and so on.

　　12．写作话题：Study and play

　　提示语：As the saying goes, “All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.”

　　素材：A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get tired and bored with your daily routine work.

　　13．写作话题：Confidence and success

　　提示语：Failure is the mother of success

　　素材：As we all know, failure is the mother of success. But I just want to say “Success is the baby of confidence.”

　　14．写作话题：Teacher­student relationship

　　提示语：Teacher­student relationship plays an important role in school life.

　　素材：A good relationship will make learning interesting and teaching enjoyable. A bad relationship, however, can make learning dull and teaching unpleasant.

　　15．写作话题：Loss and gain

　　提示语：What you had felt was a loss ended up what you gained.

　　素材：In our daily life, many things will happen to us. Some people feel they gain something while others feel they lose something. Their feelings are determined by their attitude towards what has happened to them.

　　16．写作话题：Optimistic and pessimistic

　　提示语：Being optimistic means being hopeful about the future. Being pessimistic, on the other hand, means being sad about the future and always thinking that something bad is going to happen.

　　素材：Optimism always leads to happiness, health and success while pessimism, by contrast, results in hopelessness, sickness and failure. That's because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.

　　17．写作话题：Humor and success

　　提示语： Humor has become one of the most attractive characteristics a successful person must have.

　　素材：Humor not only brings laughter and happiness to people, but also remove an unpleasant conflict, change the talking atmosphere and make it harmonious.

　　18．写作话题：Practice makes perfect

　　提示语：Practice makes perfect.

　　素材：The well known proverb “Practice makes perfect.” means that when we set about a difficult task or begin to learn something new, we need to practice constantly. Getting familiar with something is merely the first step. Only through constant practice can we get to know how each part is related and only in this way can we become skilled in doing the work.

　　19．写作话题：Haste makes waste

　　提示语：In my daily life, I always want things to be done quickly; however, the results tend to turn out just the opposite of what I wish.

　　素材：As the saying goes “more haste, less speed”， haste never helps; instead it makes waste.

　　20．写作话题：Encouragement

　　提示语：There are times when we face difficult situations in life. Encouragements can serve as a ray of hope during difficult times.

　　素材：Encouragement from a friend plays a very important role in motivating you to solve the problems you are facing. It helps you fight the difficulties and get out of an unfavorable situation you are stuck in.