2017高考英语一轮语法对点讲练：8 特殊句式

　　语法对点讲练八　特殊句式

　　一、强调句

　　知识点讲解

　　1．it强调句

　　①强调主语，主语为人时that可换成who

　　It is/was＋主语＋that/who＋其他成分．

　　It was Tom that/who met his sister at the school gate yesterday.

　　②强调宾语，宾语为人时，可用that/whom/who

　　It is/was＋宾语＋that/whom/who＋其他成分．

　　It was his sister that/whom/who Tom met at the school gate yesterday.

　　③强调时间状语

　　It is/was＋时间状语＋that＋其他成分．

　　It was yesterday that Tom met his sister at the school gate.

　　④强调地点状语

　　It is/was＋地点状语＋that＋其他成分．

　　It was at the school gate that Tom met his sister yesterday.

　　⑤it强调句的一般疑问句

　　Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？

　　Was it Lucy that phoned just now?

　　⑥it强调句的特殊疑问句

　　疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分？

　　Why was it that you didn't attend the meeting?

　　⑦强调主语从句

　　It is/was＋主语从句＋that＋其他成分．

　　It was what he said at the party that made her so angry.

　　⑧强调状语从句

　　It is/was＋状语从句＋that＋其他成分．

　　It was only when I reread his poem that I began to appreciate its beauty.

　　⑨not until句型中的强调

　　It is/was＋not until ...＋that＋其他成分．

　　It was not until 12 o'clock that he went to bed.

　　⑩强调句型的判断方法

　　将句中的It is/was和that/who去掉，如果句子意义和结构仍完整就是强调句，否则就不是。

　　对时间、地点或原因状语从句强调时只用that，不用when, where, why。

　　2．对谓语动词的强调

　　助动词do, does, did用在动词原形前，用来对谓语动词进行强调。

　　Do come here tomorrow.

　　He does study hard.

　　3．其他强调方式

　　... the very＋名词

　　At the very minute, the door opened.

　　反身代词

　　I saw it myself when the accident happened.

　　ever, even, just, indeed, only, right等副词＋被强调部分

　　I just can't believe my eyes.

　　Why ever/What ever/When ever等＋do/be＋主语＋其他部分

　　What ever is the matter with you?

　　What ... is/was ...

　　What I am going to tell you is that you are already admitted to Beijing University.

　　⑱强调词＋助动词＋主谓＋其他成分

　　Never have I seen such a strange person.

　　对点训练

　　完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①～)

　　第一组　单项填空

　　1．(2017·新课标卷Ⅱ)It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.

　　A. when

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. what

　　答案　__B__　知识点　__⑧__

　　解析　把It was和“________”去掉后，句子成立，故为强调句型，用that引导。

　　2．(2017·天津卷)It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.

　　A. that

　　B. where

　　C. why

　　D. when

　　答案　__A__　知识点　__⑨__

　　解析　句意：直到这封信的结尾，她才提及到自己的计划。强调句型陈述结构为： It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋剩余部分。故A项正确。

　　3．The boy asked his mother ________ that made the grass come up so green out of the black earth?

　　A. how was it

　　B. how it was

　　C. what it was

　　D. what was it

　　答案　__C__　知识点　__⑥__

　　解析　根据句意可知这是一个强调句，强调了宾语从句中的主语，故C项正确。

　　4．(2017·东北三省联考)It is because she is too young ________ she does not know how to deal with the situation.

　　A. that

　　B. therefore

　　C. so

　　D. so that

　　答案　__A__　知识点　__⑧__

　　解析　it is ... that为强调句式，强调原因状语从句because she was too young。

　　5．(2017·北京朝阳区练习二)It was probably at that moment ________ I understood what kindness really was.

　　A. that

　　B. when

　　C. which

　　D. what

　　答案　__A__　知识点　__③__

　　解析　去掉it was ... that，句子仍然成立，由此可知此处是一个强调句型，用that。本题选择A项。

　　6．(2017·景德镇第三次质检)If you get a chance, ________ it and you'll succeed eventually.

　　A. do seize

　　B. don't seize

　　C. seizing

　　D. not seizing

　　答案　__A__　知识点　____

　　解析　可以用do, does或did放于谓语动词前对其进行强调。本题选择A项。

　　第二组　语法填空

　　7．It was Ann's husband ________ rushed her to a nearby hospital last night.

　　答案　who/that　知识点　__①__

　　解析　分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句，句中被强调的部分是主语“Ann's husband”，故用who或that。

　　8．— Why ________ (it, is) that bargaining is so interesting?

　　— Sometimes it is a test to see who stand their ground for the longest.

　　答案　is_it　知识点　__⑥__

　　解析　本题考查的是强调句型的特殊疑问句结构“疑问词＋is/was it＋that ...”。问句句意：为什么讨价还价这么令人感兴趣？

　　9．It was in an early morning in London ________ Prime Minister Cameron arrived to give his speech.

　　答案　that　知识点　__③__

　　解析　句意：在伦敦的一个清晨，卡梅伦首相来做了演讲。句中被强调的部分是时间状语“in an early morning in London”，故应用that。

　　10．Never before ________ (she, see) anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.

　　答案　has_she_seen　知识点　____

　　解析　句意：她以前从未见过其他任何人打网球像罗伯特打得那样好。never在句首，要求用部分倒装结构；从定语从句中的can可以看出是在谈现在的情况，只能用现在完成时，不能用过去完成时。

　　11．As we all know, it is what you do rather than what you say ________ matters.

　　答案　that　知识点　__⑦__

　　解析　it强调句式用于强调主语从句：what you do rather than what you say“不是你所说的，而是你所做的”。

　　12．It was in the very place where the climate was very damp ________ the scientists discovered quite a few new plants.

　　答案　that　知识点　__④__

　　解析　it was ... that是强调句式，强调了句子的地点状语in the very place where the climate was very damp，其中where the climate was very damp是place的定语从句。

　　二、倒装句

　　知识点讲解

　　1．部分倒装

　　①not, few, never, hardly, little, seldom, rarely, by no means, in no way, in no case, at no time, under no circumstances等否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时，句子部分倒装。

　　②not only ... but (also) ...连接两个分句置于句首时，not only分句用部分倒装。

　　③no sooner ... than, hardly/scarcely ... when ...结构中，no sooner/hardly/scarcely置于句首时，主句用部分倒装，且多用过去完成时，than/when后的句子多用一般过去时。

　　④not ... until结构中，not until置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。

　　⑤副词only＋状语(介词短语、副词、状语从句)置于句首时，句子部分倒装。

　　⑥so, neither, nor置于句首，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物时。

　　I have never been abroad. Neither has he.

　　⑦so/such ... that句型中，so/such ...置于句首时。

　　So moved was she that she could not say a word.

　　⑧as/though引导让步状语从句时，常把名词、形容词、副词、动词原形移到as/though之前。如果作表语的是单数可数名词，要省略冠词。

　　Young as/though I am, I have made up my mind to become what I want to be when I grow up.

　　2．完全倒装

　　up, down, out, in, away, off等表示地点方位的副词或there, here, now, then等置于句首时，若主语是名词用全部倒装，若主语是人称代词，则不倒装。

　　Down came the train.

　　Here he comes.

　　表示地点的介词短语置于句首时，且谓语动词为be, lie, live, sit, hang, remain, stand, exist等表示“存在”的不及物动词时。

　　On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple.

　　主、系、表结构中的表语置于句首时。

　　Present at the meeting were Mr Li and many other officers.

　　直接引语的一部分位于句首时。

　　“Exactly”， said the father, shaking the old friend's hands.

　　对点训练

　　完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(～)

　　第一组　单项填空

　　1．(2017·江苏卷)“Never for a second，” the boy says, “________ that my father would come to my rescue.”

　　A. I doubted

　　B. do I doubt

　　C. I have doubted

　　D. did I doubt

　　答案　__D__　知识点　____

　　解析　含有否定意义的词never放在句首，句子要用部分倒装，排除A、C选项；根据would可排除B项。

　　2．(2017·新课标卷)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent ________ properly in this hospital.

　　A. can be the patients treated

　　B. can the patients be treated

　　C. the patients can be treated

　　D. treated can be the patients

　　答案　__B__　知识点　____

　　解析　only＋by短语位于句首，主句用部分倒装结构， B项正确。

　　3．(2017·福建卷)Not until he went through real hardship ________ the love we have for our families is important.

　　A. had he realized

　　B. did he realize

　　C. he realized

　　D. he had realized

　　答案　__B__　知识点　____

　　解析　not until放在句首主句要用部分倒装。

　　4．(2017·北京朝阳区练习二)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor ________ it a thought.

　　A. does he even give

　　B. he even gives

　　C. will he even give

　　D. he will even give

　　答案　__C__　知识点　____

　　解析　nor是表示否定意义的词，位于句首时，句子部分倒装。由前半句中will可知，此处助动词用will, C项正确。

　　5．(2017·淮安3月模拟)Such an inspiring speech ________ at the graduation ceremony that every one of us was deeply moved and strongly encouraged.

　　A. did he make

　　B. he made

　　C. had he made

　　D. he had made

　　答案　__A__　知识点　____

　　解析　句意：他在毕业典礼上作了如此激动人心的演讲，以至于我们每一个人都被深深打动了，并受到了强烈的鼓舞。such＋a/an ...位于句首，后面的部分要用部分倒装，排除B、D；根据“was deeply moved”可知，空处应用一般过去时，所以选A项。

　　6．(2017·包头二模)________ going to the program You Are the One, she knew she had to be there or her mother would be unhappy.

　　A. Much although she disliked

　　B. Much as she disliked

　　C. Although much she disliked

　　D. As she disliked much

　　答案　__B__　知识点　____

　　解析　as引导的让步状语从句中，应将名词，形容词，副词，动词原形提至as/though前构成倒装。although引导的状语从句则不需要倒装。

　　第二组　语法填空

　　7．This is not my story, nor ________ (it, be) the whole story. My story plays out differently.

　　答案　is_it　知识点　____

　　解析　nor表示“也不”，用在否定句之后，用来引导另一含相似意义的否定句，句子部分倒装。it指代story。

　　8．Autumn is coming, down ________ (the leaves, fall)．

　　答案　fall_the_leaves　知识点　____

　　解析　表示地点的副词位于句首，句子用完全倒装语序。其结构为：副词＋不及物动词＋主语(＋其他成分)。

　　9．On the chairs ________ (she, sit), who had come here for this job interview.

　　答案　sat_she　知识点　____

　　解析　表示地点的介词短语放在句首，句子用完全倒装。其结构为：介词短语＋不及物动词＋主语。

　　10．________ (he, rush, out) with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise.

　　答案　Out_rushed_he/He_rushed_out

　　知识点　____

　　解析　考查“副词＋不及物动词＋主语”的倒装句式，属于完全倒装，正常语序也可以。

　　三、省略句

　　知识点讲解

　　1．简单句的省略

　　①省略主语

　　(You) Open the door, please.

　　②省略主谓或主谓的一部分

　　(Is there) Anything else?

　　(You come) This way please.

　　③省略宾语

　　— Do you know Tom?

　　— I don't know (him)．

　　④省略表语

　　— Are you hungry?

　　— Yes, I am (hungry)．

　　2．并列句的省略

　　⑤后一分句可以省略与前边分句相同的部分。

　　To some life is pleasure, and to others (life is) suffering.

　　3．名词性从句中的省略

　　⑥宾语从句中关系代词that可以省略，and连接两个或以上的that从句时，只可省第一个that。

　　I hope (that) you can come.

　　⑦think/believe/suppose/expect/hope＋so/not结构的省略。

　　— Is she coming?

　　— I believe so/not.

　　⑧which, when, where, why和how引导的宾语从句可以省略全部或部分内容，但引导词不能省略。

　　I know there will be a football match but I don't know when (the football match will begin)．

　　4．定语从句中的省略

　　⑨作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom常省略。

　　Is this the reason (that) you explained at the meeting for your carelessness?

　　5．状语从句中的省略

　　⑩状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词有be时，可以省略从句的主语和be。

　　Work hard when (you are) young.

　　当状语从句主语为it，谓语动词含有系动词be时，可以省略it和be。

　　Unless (it is) necessary you'd better not drive so fast.

　　在if so/not, if any, if ever, if necessary/possible等结构中。

　　You can use my car, if necessary.

　　6．虚拟条件句中的省略

　　虚拟条件句中省略if，把were, had, should提前。

　　Were I you, I would accept the invitation.

　　7．不定式的省略

　　不定式作love, like, hope, wish, prefer, mean, refuse, expect等动词的宾语时，只保留不定式符号to。

　　You can do the work this way if you would like to (do the work)．

　　不定式作allow, ask, tell, advise，force, want等的宾补时。

　　If he doesn't want to go there, don't force him to (go there)．

　　不定式作happy, glad, ready, willing, eager等词的状语时。

　　— Could you mind looking after my cat?

　　— Not at all. I would be happy to (look after your cat)．

　　不定式符号to后为have或be时，要保留have或be。

　　— Are you a teacher?

　　— No, but I want to be (one)．

　　8．一些固定结构中的省略

　　be able to, be going to, ought to, have to, used to等。

　　I don't go swimming now but I used to (go swimming)．

　　对点训练

　　完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点(～)

　　1．(2017·新课标卷)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________.

　　A. not to do

　　B. not to

　　C. not do

　　D. do not

　　答案　__B__　知识点　____

　　解析　句意：司机想靠路边停车，但警察不让他这么做。ask sb. (not) to do sth.表示“要求某人做(不要做)某事”，本题中， was asked用于被动语态，不定式to后的成分可省略，以避免和前面的动词park重复。

　　2．(2017·山西示范性高中联考)— Will you go to see the movie A Simple Noodle Story tomorrow evening?

　　— No, I am going to a lecture, or at least I am planning ________.

　　A. to

　　B. so

　　C. go

　　D. that

　　答案　__A__　知识点　____

　　解析　I am planning to是I'm planning to go to a lecture的省略表达形式。

　　3．— Jack is always complaining about not having any money.

　　— The problem is that he doesn't work hard and never ________.

　　A. does

　　B. had

　　C. did

　　D. has

　　答案　__D__　知识点　____

　　解析　he doesn't work hard and never has是he doesn't work hard and never has any money的省略。

　　4．The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.

　　A. seeing

　　B. having seen

　　C. to have seen

　　D. to see

　　答案　__D__　知识点　____

　　解析　句意：我们跟着的那个人突然停了下来，仿佛在看他是否走对了方向。句中的方式状语从句可还原为： as if he was to see whether he was going in the right direction。从句可省略主语和be动词，故D项正确。

　　5．(2017·衡水六模)— I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.

　　— ________ good.

　　A. Sound

　　B. Sounded

　　C. Sounding

　　D. Sounds

　　答案　__D__　知识点　____

　　解析　句意：——我想知道周末是否能去滑雪。——这听起来不错。“Sounds good.”为省略句，省略了主语“it”；语境说的是现在的感受，所以应该用第三人称单数。

　　6．— I usually go there by train.

　　— Why not ________ by boat for a change?

　　A. to try going

　　B. trying to go

　　C. to try and go

　　D. try going

　　答案　__D__　知识点　____

　　解析　Why not try going ...＝Why don't you try going ...。why/why not后常跟动词原形，这是英语中习惯上的省略。

　　7．(2017·榆林三模)— Who should be responsible for the accident?

　　— The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order ________.

　　A. as told

　　B. as are told

　　C. as telling

　　D. as they told

　　答案　__A__　知识点　____

　　解析　此处是as引导的方式状语从句的省略， as told＝as they were told。从句的主语和be省略。又因为workers与tell之间是被动关系，故选A项。

　　8．(2017·新余3月模拟)— What's the matter with Della?

　　— Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still ________.

　　A. hopes to

　　B. hopes so

　　C. hopes not

　　D. hopes for

　　答案　__A__　知识点　____

　　解析　在用不定式作简略回答或描述时，常常将不定式to之后的内容省略。此处可还原为： but she still hopes to go to the party。

　　9．He is always ready to help others, seldom, ________， refusing them when they turn to him.

　　A. if never

　　B. if ever

　　C. if not

　　D. if any

　　答案　__B__　知识点　____

　　解析　if ever“几乎；即使……也”； seldom, if ever“几乎很少”。if ever是插入语，除此以外还有：if any“如果有的话”； if at all“即使……也”； if anything“如果说……；几乎不；与其说……还不如”； if anybody“要是有人……”。

　　10．— Have you been to the Great Wall?

　　— Perhaps not in my memory. ________， it might have been during my early childhood.

　　A. If any

　　B. If ever

　　C. If once

　　D. If not

　　答案　__B__　知识点　____

　　解析　If ever为If I have ever been to the Great Wall的省略。

　　11．________ you be willing to let me take part in your experiment, I would spare no effort to help complete all your tasks.

　　A. Should

　　B. Would

　　C. Could

　　D. Might

　　答案　__A__　知识点　____

　　解析　句意：如果你愿意让我参与你的试验，我将不遗余力地帮助你完成所有的任务。由would可知，此句是虚拟语气。在虚拟语气中表达与将来事实相反的假设，主句用would/should/might/could＋动词原形，从句用should/were to＋动词原形或一般过去时，省略if后要将should或were提前引起部分倒装。

　　12．— You ought to have made an apology to Tom yesterday evening.

　　— Yes, I know I ________.

　　A. ought to have

　　B. have to

　　C. should

　　D. must have

　　答案　__A__　知识点　__，__

　　解析　ought to have done“本应该做某事却没有做”，表示完成动作的have不能省略。