浙江省2017届高考英语二轮（单项填空）学案：第7讲 动词的时态和语态

　　第 7 讲

　　动词的时态和语态

　　1. The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant______in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly. (2011浙江卷)

　　A. gave

　　B. gives

　　C. was giving

　　D. had given　

　　【答案及解析】1. C　考查动词的时态。句意为“经理担心着他的助手代替他所举办的资讯发布会。

　　【答案及解析】幸运的是，一切进展顺利。”经理担心的时候正是助手举办资讯发布会之时，过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作。易误选A项，gave表示过去的动作发生过，这与后面everything was going on smoothly不符，因为事情还在进展中。

　　2. If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you ______ fresh watermelon in the fall.(2010浙江卷)

　　A. eat

　　B. would eat

　　C. have eaten

　　D. will be eating　

　　【答案及解析】2. D　句意：如果你在春天种下西瓜种子，你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。可以判断这是真实的条件从句，会发生的事情，所以选择will be eating表将来。

　　3. For many years, people ______ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. (2010浙江卷)

　　A. had dreamed of

　　B. have dreamed of

　　C. dreamed of

　　D. dream of

　　【答案及解析】3. B　句意：许多年来，人们都一直梦想着电动汽车。然而，制造它们比想象中要难得多。由此推断此处的梦想从过去到现在。目前，市场上已经有了电动汽车，所以应用现在完成时。

　　4. Over the past decades, sea ice ______ in the Arctic as a result of global warming.(2009浙江卷)

　　A. had decreased

　　B. decreased

　　C. has been decreasing

　　D. is decreasing

　　【答案及解析】4. C　句意：在过去的几十年中，由于全球变暖，北冰洋的海冰一直在减少。

　　5. — What do you think of the movie?

　　— It's fantastic.The only pity is that I ______ the beginning of it.(2009浙江卷)

　　A. missed

　　B. had missed

　　C. miss

　　D. would miss

　　【答案及解析】5. A　根据语境，“错过电影开头”这一动作发生在过去，故用过去时。

　　动词的分类

　　动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气三种形式的变化。

　　1．动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种。

　　2．动词的四种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。

　　3．动词按其构成动词词组的作用可分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。

　　(1)实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；

　　(2)连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。

　　时态和语态

　　主动语态和被动语态

　　主动语态(Active Voice )：在主动语态中，主语是动作的执行者。如：

　　The student wrote a song.

　　被动语态(Passive Voice): 在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者。如：

　　A song was written by the student.

　　主动语态变被动语态三步骤：

　　1. 原来的主语变为宾语，其前加“by”；

　　2. 原来的(直接)宾语提前作主语；

　　3. 动词变为被动 be ＋ 过去分词(be要变化)

　　如： Millions_of_people will watch the_final_match_on TV.

　　→The final match will be watched on TV by millions of people.

　　1. 被动语态介词固定搭配不能省略。如：

　　He has thought_of a way of solving the problem.

　　→A way of solving the problem has been thought_of.

　　2. break out/ happen/ take place/ arrive/ become/ die/

　　disappear, etc. 不及物动词没有被动语态。如：

　　The accident which happened yesterday surprised me.

　　3. 主动语态表示被动的若干情形。

　　(1)某些连系动词用主动表被动，如：look, sound, smell, taste, prove, feel。

　　This kind of cloth feels soft.

　　My advice proved to be wrong.

　　(2)当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。他们通常与can't, won't等连用。

　　The door won't shut.

　　(3)当read, write, wash, sell, clean, cook, burn, draw, cut, wear等词与well, easily, quickly 等副词连用时，常用主动表被动。

　　The cloth washes well.

　　The poem reads smoothly.

　　(4)某些表示开始和结束的动作(begin, start, finish, end, etc. )，当主语是物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动表被动。

　　The play ended at ten o'clock.

　　4. 非谓语动词主动表被动的情况。

　　(1)不定式to blame, to let用作表语时，通常用主动表被动。

　　Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢？

　　The house is to let. 此屋出租。

　　(2)在“be ＋形容词＋to do”结构中的不定式通常用主动表被动。

　　The question is difficult to answer.

　　(3)不定式用于某些动词的(have, have got, get, want, need)宾语后作定语时，当不定式逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时就用主动表被动，若不一致，则需用被动。

　　I have a letter to post. (自己寄)

　　I have a letter to be posted. (请别人寄)

　　易错易混点