Unit 1 Great
教 材 面 面 观
单词拓展
1.________vt. & vi.结束；推断出 ________n．结论；结束
2．________vt.分析 ________n．分析，报告 ________n．分析家；化验员 ________adj.分析的，分解的
3．________vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 ________n．出席；照顾 ________n．服务员；出席者；随从
4．________vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光 ________adj.暴露的 ________n．说明；讲解；曝露；显露；曝光
5．________n．挑战；vt.向……挑战
6．________vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 ________n．吸收器 ________adj.可吸收的 ________adj.注意力集中的；专心一意的
7．________vt.怀疑；n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 ________adj.可疑的
8．________adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 ________adv.严重地，剧烈地
9．________vt.责备；谴责；n.过失；责备 ________adj.无可责难的；无过错的
10．________vt.污染；弄脏 ________n．污染
11．________vt.宣布；通告 ________n．播音员；宣告者 ________n．宣告；发表
12．________vt.命令；指示；教导 ________n．教员；教练；指导员 ________n．(对知识的)教授；传授
13．________vt.建设；修建 ________n．建设；建筑物
14．________vt. & vi.捐献；贡献；捐助 ________n．贡献；捐献；捐助；捐献物 ________n．投稿者；捐助者
15．________vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃 ________n．拒绝；抵制；抛弃；驳回；否决短语回顾1.________forward 提出
2．expose...________
使显露；暴露
3．apart________
除……之外；此外
4．________sense
讲得通；有意义
5．________a conclusion
得出结论
6．link...________...
将……和……联系或
连接起来
7．________room for
为……腾地方
8．be to________
应受谴责，应负责任
9．slow________
减速
10．look________
调查句型背诵1.A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water so much that she had had it ________ from the pump to her house every day.
有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。
2．________ prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined.
为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检验。
3．So many thousands of terrified people died________ ________there was an outbreak.
每次(霍乱)爆发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。
4．________if you put the sun there________the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
自我诊断
单词拓展
1．conclude；conclusion 2.analyse；analysis；analyst；analytic
3．attend；attendance；attendant 4.expose；exposed；exposition
5．challenge 6.absorb；absorber；absorbable；absorbed 7.suspect；suspectable 8.severe；severely 9.blame；blameless
10．pollute；pollution 11.announce；announcer；announcement
12．instruct；instructor；instruction 13.construct；construction
14．contribute；contribution；contributor 15.reject；rejection
短语回顾
1．put 2.to 3.from 4.make 5.draw 6.to 7.make 8.blame 9.down 10.into
句型背诵
1．delivered 2.To 3.every time 4.Only；did
考 点 串 串 讲
重点单词1.absorb vt.吸引；吸收；使专心；使全神贯注；把……并入，同化
absorb one's attention吸引某人注意
①Dry earth absorbs water quickly.
干土吸水很快。
②They absorbed a great deal of the Roman culture.
他们大量地吸收了罗马文化。
③International affairs absorb his attention.
他专心研究国际问题。
④The large firm absorbed the small ones.
那家大公司吞并了那些小公司。
●用法拓展
absorbed adj.精神集中的
be absorbed in全神贯注于……上
be absorbed by为……所吸收
absorbing adj.十分吸引人的
absorption n．吸收；专心致志
①He had an absorbed look on his face.
他脸上一副专注的表情。
②I was so absorbed in the book that I didn't hear you come in.
我出神地看这本书，连你进来也没听见。
③The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city.
周围的村庄并入了日益扩展的城市。
④Last night we saw an absorbing film.
昨天晚上我们看了一部引人入胜的影片。即境活用单项填空
________ in her new novel, the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study.
A．Having deeply absorbed
B．Deeply absorbing
C．Deeply having been absorbed
D．Deeply absorbed
答案：D
2．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临
expose sth./sb./oneself to...显露或暴露某事物/某人/自己
be exposed to暴露于……
①He exposed the plan to the newspapers.
他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。
②His skin is exposed to the sun.
他的皮肤暴露在阳光下。
●用法拓展
exposed adj.无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的
exposure n．显露；暴露；揭露；曝光
①The cottage is in a very exposed position at the top of the hill.
那小屋位于山顶毫无遮蔽之处。
②Exposure of the body to strong sunlight can be harmful.
身体受烈日暴晒会造成损伤。即境活用单项填空
________ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(变异体) of genes in human bodies.
A．Being exposed
B．Having exposed
C．Exposed
D．After being exposed
答案：A
3．defeat n．&v.击败；战胜；使失败；挫折
Our hopes were defeated.
我们的希望破灭了。
We defeated the other team by 10 points.
我们以10分的优势击败对手。
The football team suffered a defeat.
该足球队被击败了。
●用法拓展
defeat sb.战胜/难住某人
defeat sb. by 4 points/by 3 goals to 2
以4分/3比2打败某人
defeat the plan使计划失败
suffer a serious defeat严重受挫
admit defeat承认失败
●易混辨析
defeat，conquer，overcome，beat与win
defeat指“赢得胜利”，尤其指“军事上的胜利”。如：
defeat the enemy打败敌人
conquer指“征服、胜利”，特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”。如：
conquer nature征服自然
overcome指“战胜、压倒、克服”，尤指“感情”而言。如：
overcome difficulties克服困难
beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词，与defeat常可换言。如：
We beat their team by 10 points.
我们赢得了他们队十分。
win指“赢得”，win的宾语通常是“比赛、战争、奖品”。如：
win the match/prize/one's heart赢得比赛/奖品/某人的心即境活用单项填空
①We________the game last Sunday and finally________the match.
A．defeated；won B．won；won
C．beat；defeated
D．won；beat
翻译句子
②正是最后一个问题难住了我。
________________________________________________________________________
③资金的缺乏使他们的计划失败了。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①A
②It was the last question that defeated me.
③The lack of money defeated their plan.
4．complete adj.全部的；完全的；完成的vt.完成；使完善
He is a complete stranger to me.
我一点也不认识他。
Work on the office building will be completed at the end of this year.
办公大楼将于今年年底竣工。
She's just completed a master's degree in law.
她刚读完法律硕士学位。
●用法拓展
a complete idiot/failure十足的傻子/失败者
the complete works of...……的作品全集
complete with装备有，具有
complete a form/questionnaire填表格/填写问卷
completely adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地
●易混辨析
accomplish，complete与finish
三者都含“完成”的意思。
accomplish通常接task，aim，journey，voyage等名词，有时兼有“达成(效果)”之意。如：
The explorers accomplished the voyage in five weeks.
探险队在五周内完成了航程。
complete比accomplish具体，可接建筑、工程、书籍等名词，指“按预期目的把未完成的工作经过进一步的努力使之完成”，主要是指“补足缺少的部分”。如：
The building will be completed by the end of this month.
这座楼于本月底建成。
finish在许多情况下可与complete换用，但不及complete正式，finish后面可接名词或动名词，往往带有反面的意味，如“用完、吃完”等。如：
After we had finished eating，we set out immediately.
我们吃完后，立刻出发。即境活用单项填空
①If the building project________by the end of month is delayed，the construction company will be fined.
A．being completed
B．is completed
C．to be completed
D．completed
完成句子
②Their engagement came as________(令我大吃一惊)．
③The students have just________(完成课程)．
答案：①C
②a complete surprise to me
③completed their course
5．attend vt.出席；参加；照顾；护理
Will you attend the wedding ceremony tomorrow?
你要参加明天的结婚典礼吗？
I have an urgent matter to attend to.
我有一件紧急的事要处理。
●用法拓展
attend to sth.处理；办理；专心于；仔细考虑
attend(to/on)sb.照顾，照料、护理某人
attend to/on the wounded护理伤员
attend a meeting/lecture/wedding参加会议/听报告/参加婚礼
attend school去上学
attendance n．出席，到场
attendant n．侍者，服务员
Could you attend to this matter immediately?
你能不能立刻处理这件事？
Attend to your work and stop talking.
专心于工作，不要谈话。
May good luck attend you!
祝你好运！
There is a nurse attending to/on his needs.
有个护士照顾他。
●易混辨析
take part in/join/join in/attend
①take part in参加，参与。通常指参加某项集体性活动，并在其中起积极的作用。可指参加工作、活动、学习。
②join指加入某组织或团体，并成为其中一员。
③join in有“参加活动，一起做某事”之意，意义上相当于take part in，其中in可以作介词，也可以作副词。作介词时，其后接所做的事情。
④attend作“参加”讲时，宾语通常为meeting，lecture，funeral，ceremony，party，school等。
We often take part in the afterclass activities.
我们经常参加课外活动。
He joined the Youth League in 2007.
他于2007年加入共青团。
We all joined in the competition.
我们都参加了这次比赛。
Will you join us in the game?
你能和我们一起做游戏吗？
Mike enjoys playing bridge and attending movies.
迈克喜欢打桥牌、看电影。即境活用单项填空
—Was yesterday's conference successful?
—Not really.The number of________was much smaller than we had expected.
A．people who attend
B．people attended
C．people attending
D．people attend
答案：C
6．cure n．治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗
An effective cure for cancer has not yet been found.
还没有找到治疗癌症的有效方法。
That fatal disease cannot be cured.
那种致命的疾病治不好。
This medicine will cure your headache.
这种药可以治疗你的头疼。
●用法拓展
①表示“治疗……的方法”时，后接介词for。
②表示“治愈，治疗”，主语可以是人或物，宾语可以是人或病。
③cure sb. of sth.治好(某人的病，恶习)
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?
迄今为止癌症有有效的治疗方法吗？
A few days' rest will cure you.
休息几天，你的病就好了。
The medicine will cure your cough.
这药可治好你的咳嗽。
●易混辨析
cure，treat和heal
①cure和treat：
cure意为“治愈”，侧重结果；可构成cure sb. of sth.句型；treat意为“治疗”，强调治疗的过程；常用treat sb. for sth.结构。
②cure和heal：
cure常指治疗疾病、痛苦，或革除恶习、弊害等；heal指治愈伤口尤其是灼伤，使愈合或恢复正常。
This medicine will cure soon.
这个药很快能奏效。
They treated him with a new drug but it didn't work.
他们用一种新药治疗他的疾病，但没有效果。
He cured his son of the bad habit.
他使儿子去除了那种不良习惯。
The wound has been healed.
创伤已经治好了。即境活用单项填空
①A spell in the army will cure him________his laziness.
A．of
B．in
C．from
D．against
②SARS is an illness that can result in death unless left________in time.
A．to treat
B．treating
C．treated
D．treat
答案：①A ②C
7．conclude vt.&vi.断定，推断；使结束，终止
●用法拓展
conclude sth.(from sth.)/conclude(from sth.)that...(由……)推断，断定出
conclude sth. with sth./by doing sth.以……结束
draw/arrive at/come to/reach a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion最后；总之即境活用单项填空
After thinking long and hard about it，we've________that the right decision is to move to Chicago.
A．known
B．recognized
C．concluded
D．insisted
答案：C 句意为：经过长期考虑之后，我们断定迁往芝加哥是正确的决定。conclude“推断，断定”，符合题意。A项“知道，了解”；B项“认出”；D项“坚持”，均不符合题意。
8．blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n．过失；责备
①The children were not to blame.
孩子们不应受到谴责。
②It's wrong to lay the blame on him for delaying.
把延误的责任归咎于他是不对的。
●用法拓展
(1)blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因……而指责某人
(2)blame sth. on sb.＝pin/put/lay the blame on sb.把某事归咎于某人身上
(3)bear/take/accept/get the blame for sth.(对某事)承担责任
(4)be to blame (for sth.)应受责备；对某事应负责任(主动表被动)
(5)blameful adj.该受责备的；有过错的
(6)blameless adj.无可责难的；无过错的
①We blamed him for his careless driving.
我们责怪他开车不小心。
②They blame the failure on Mary.
他们把失败归咎于玛丽。
③He is to blame in his matter.
他应该对这件事负责。
④If you fail the exam, you will only have yourself to blame.
你若考试失败，只能怪自己。
●易混辨析
blame，scold，accuse与punish
(1)blame指责，埋怨，归咎于，有时含责骂之意。
(2)scold多指上级对下级，长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言辞激烈的数落而不是用肮脏语言骂人。
(3)accuse语气比blame强，本义为“归罪”，也可指非难或谴责之意。
(4)punish表示因做错了事情而惩罚，侧重于采取手段惩罚。
①She was in no way to blame.
决不应该责备她。
②If I walk in with muddy boots, Mum always scolds me.
我的靴子上要是有泥巴，一进屋妈妈就会数落我。即境活用单项填空
①The mother didn't know who ________ for the broken glass as it happened.
A．to blameB．to be blamed
C．blamed
D．is to be blamed
②________
his age, he did it quite well, so don't ________ him any more.
A．Given; blame
B．Considered; say
C．To regard; scold
D．Considering; speak
答案：①A ②A
9．handle n．柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵
①She is good at handling children.
她很会带小孩子。
②He learnt how to handle an axe.
他学着使用斧子。
③Handle the glasses with care.
这些玻璃杯要小心轻放。
④The car handles easily/badly.
这车易/难开。
●用法拓展
(1)handle an aeroplane/the machine操纵飞机/开机器
(2)handle business/the job/the household经营商业/处理工作/处理家务
(3)handle the situation应对局势
(4)handle the traffic指挥交通
(5)handle with care！小心轻放！
(6)give sb. a handle (against oneself)授人以柄即境活用单项填空
As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to ________ the problem.
A．handle B．raise
C．face
D．present
答案：A
10．link v．连接，联系 n．[C]联系，纽带，链环
①A love of nature links the two poets.
对大自然的热爱把这两位诗人连在一起了。
②The pipe must be linked to the cold water supply.
这个管子必须与冷水供应相连接。
③For elderly people, TV is a vital link with the outside world.
对老年人来说，电视是一个与外界联系的重要纽带。
●用法拓展
(1)link...to...将……和……连接起来(这个短语常用于被动语态：be linked to)。
(2)a link between A and B A与B之间的联系
(3)a link with……的联系
(4)be linked with和……联系
(5)link up把……连接起来；连接；结合
①Some birth defects are linked to smoking during pregnancy.
有些婴儿的生理缺陷与母亲怀孕期间抽烟有关。
②All these PCs are linked up to the network.
所有这些个人电脑都与网络相连。即境活用单项填空
The two spacecrafts will ________ in orbit.
A．link to B．be linked up
C．link up
D．be linked to
答案：B
11．announce vt.宣布，通告
The government announced its new economic policies.
政府发布了新的经济政策。
●用法拓展
(1)announce vt.发表，告知，宣布；宣布(某人的名字、到达等)；(事情、迹象)显示……，预告……
(2)announce(to sb.)sth./that...宣布/发布某事
(3)It is announced that...据称……
(4)announcer n．广播员，解说员，节目主持人
(5)announcement n．公告，布告，通告
①The news was announced to the public on TV.
这则消息经由电视向公众宣布。
②His servant announced Mr and Mrs White.
他的仆人通报怀特夫妇驾临。
③The bright flowers announced that spring was here.
鲜艳的花朵告诉人们春天已经到来。
●易混辨析
announce和declare
(1)announce指正式地“公开，发表，宣布”；侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指资讯之类的消息。如书籍的出版，物品的发售，人的生死，婚姻，暴风雨和危险的来临等。
(2)declare指正式地、明确地向公众“通告；宣告；声明”，侧重“当众”发表，多用于宣战，议和，宣判，戒严等等。
the Declaration of Independence独立宣言
①John announced to us his engagement to Mary.
约翰向我们宣布他和玛丽订婚的消息。
②They have declared war on the aggressive country.
他们已经向入侵国家宣战。即境活用单项填空
John announced ________ his friends his engagement ________ Miss White.
A．/；toB．to; to
C．/；with
D．to；with
答案：B
重点短语
1.contribute to 捐助；捐献；贡献；投稿；促进
The couple always contribute food and clothing for the relief of the poor.
这对夫妇常常捐助食品和衣物救济贫民。
He contributes regularly to a physics journal.
他经常向一家物理杂志投稿。
Exercise contributes to better health.
锻炼能促成更强健的体魄。
●归纳延伸
contribute sth. to/towards...捐献，捐助，投稿
contribution n．贡献，贡献物
make a contribution to/towards捐献，贡献即境活用翻译句子
①多种因素导致了他的失败。
________________________________________________________________________
②那位演员亲自捐了100万美元给地震基金。
________________________________________________________________________
③她给这家杂志撰写了一些稿件。
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①Different factors contribute to his failure.
②The actor personally contributed 1 million dollars to the earthquake fund.
③She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
2．put forward 放出；拿出；提出；推举出
They put forward the suggestion.
他们提出建议。
As usual, the old man put the old clock forward every month.
像往常一样，这位老人每月把这只旧钟表调快。
Shall we put Mr Willinton forward as the candidate for chairman of the committee?
我们提名惠灵顿先生作为委员会主席的候选人，好吗？
●用法拓展
put forward sth.提出(建议，计划等)
put a clock/watch forward把钟/表调快
put oneself/one's name forward自荐/提名某人为……
●易混辨析
put away储存……备用；储蓄(＝put by)；吃掉；喝掉
put aside节省(钱、时间)；储蓄；撇开；置之不理；把……放在一边
put back拨回；向后移；推迟；延期；搁置；拖延
put down写下；记下；控制；击败；平定；取缔
put off延期；推迟；推托；使 ……气馁；关掉；避开；使转换方向
put on假装；伪装；增加；添上；表演；演出；上演(戏剧)；穿上；戴上
put out扑灭；困扰；麻烦(某人)；生产；出产；出版
put up举起；抬起；张开(伞)；张贴；公布；接待；为……提供食宿；提供(资金)；供应(某事所需之钱)；表现出；显示出
put up with忍耐；受苦即境活用单项填空
①The reform project________by Mr. White is being discussed at the meeting now.
A．that is put forward
B．to be put forward
C．has been put forward
D．put forward
②If any man here does not agree with me，he should________his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.
A．put on
B．put out
C．put in
D．put forward
③We've put the wedding forward________one week.
A．on
B．by
C．to
D．within
答案：①D ②D ③B
3．take up开始(学习或从事等)；继续；占去(时间或空间)；接纳(乘客等)，接受(挑战，建议，条件等)；提出(商讨)，讨论
He dropped medicine and took up physics.
他放弃学医，开始学物理。
We took up our journey the next day.
第二天我们继续赶路。
The table takes too much room.
这桌子太占地方了。
●用法拓展
take是一个非常活跃的动词，常见的词组有：
take in收留；领会；理解；欺骗；吸收
take part(in)参加
take back收回；使回想起
take off脱下；起飞；开始成功
take for认为；误认为
take...as...把……理解为
take over接管，接任
take out带……出去；去掉；扣除
take apart拆开
take the lead领先
take after与……相像；追赶/捕
take on开始雇佣；呈现
take down取下；记下；拆卸
take place发生
take a seat坐下
take it easy别着急
take your time不着急；慢慢来
take away拿走；夺走即境活用单项填空
①For a long time I had wanted to________writing as my career.
A．take off
B．take on
C．take up
D．take in
②This chapter________where the last one left off.
A．makes up
B．takes up
C．brings up
D．looks up
③The company decided to________a new secretary.
A．take back
B．take off
C．take on
D．take up
答案：①C ②B ③C
4．apart from除……之外；此外
●用法拓展
①表示“除……之外(还有)”相当于besides。
②表示“除……之外(别无)”相当于except。
③此外，除掉(相当于except for)。
④apart from也可以表示“脱离开”。
Apart from you，I had no one to talk to.
除了你，我再也没有可交谈的人了。
I think you have a real artistic gift apart from this defect.
除了这个缺陷外，我觉得你确实有艺术天赋。
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.
没有知识能脱离实践。
●用法拓展
besides/except/except for/apart from/other than和in addition
①besides意为“除了……之外(还有)”，有肯定的附加意义，表示在整体中加上一部分，除去的部分包括在内，是包容关系。besides还可用作副词，表示“除此之外”，相当于in addition。
②except是“除了……没有”意思，表示在整体中减去一部分，除去的部分要排除在外，是排外关系。前后名词性质相同。
③except for意为“除……之外”，用于引述细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思。前后名词性质不同。
④apart from具有多重意义，既可表示besides，也可表示except或except for。
⑤other than含义与except和but相同，都表示从总体中除去一部分，后接名词或不定式。
⑥in addition除此之外，也，另外；in addition to除了……之外(还有)；(近义词)besides，what's more，apart from。
We all went besides the girls.
除了姑娘们之外，我们也都去了。
Besides，I want you to promise me one thing.
另外，我要你答应我一件事。
Your compositions are well written except Tom's.
除了汤姆的作文外，你们的作文都写得很好。
Your compositions well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
除了几处拼写错误外，你的作文写得很好。
I ate everything apart from(except)the soup.
除了汤没喝外，其他的菜我都吃了。
What do you like doing apart from(besides)swimming?
除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？
There is nobody here other than me.
这儿除了我没别人。
A new security system was installed.In addition，extra guards were hired.
新的安全系统已经装上。而且，雇用了更多的门卫。
In addition to his movie work，Redford is known as a champion of environmental causes.
除了电影作品外，Redford还以环保卫士而著称。即境活用单项填空
________the injures to his face and hands，he broke his left leg.
A．Beside
B．Despite
C．Apart from
D．Because of
答案：C
5．make sense讲得通；有道理
Your story doesn't make sense to me.
你编的故事我听不明白。
●用法拓展
make sense of弄懂……的意思
make no sense没有道理；没有意义
It doesn't make any sense.做某事没道理。
There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没道理
a sense of humor幽默感
common sense常识
in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense绝不，绝非
sense n．感觉器官；觉察
sense vt.觉得；意识到
sensible adj.明智的；合情合理的
sensitive adj.敏感的
What he said doesn't make any sense at all.
他所说的话没有任何道理可言。
Our English teacher has a good sense of humor.
我们英语老师很有幽默感。即境活用单项填空
①Her question was so difficult that I could hardly make any________of it at all.
A．sense
B．meaning
C．explanation
D．idea
②In my opinion，what he told us just now about the affair simply doesn't make any________.
A．idea
B．meaning
C．sense
D．point
答案：①A ②C
重点句式
1.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说清楚。
only if“只要；只有”，主句要用倒装语序。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.
只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进这间屋。
●易混辨析
only if与if only
only if“只要，只有”，主句要采用部分倒装语序。
if only“但愿，要是……就好了”，用以表示对现在、未来的愿望，或者与过去事实相反的愿望。
①Only if the red light comes on is there some danger to employees.
只要红灯一亮，就表示有危及职工的险情。
②If only I knew her name.
要是我知道她的名字该有多好。
③If only they would tell me what they have decided.
但愿他们能把决定告诉我。
④If only he had remembered to buy some fruit.
他要是当时记得买些水果来多好。
●用法拓展
even if即使；虽然；纵然
if anything若能有把握地说出来，其实是这样
if not要不；不然
①Even if she were very busy, she would go.
即使她很忙，她也会去的。
②If anything, we should open our doors even wider.
如果说有什么不足之处，就是开放得还不够。
③Are you ready? If not, I'm going without you.
准备好了吗？要不，我就自己去。即境活用单项填空
①—I didn't invite him to the party but he came anyway and got completely drunk.
—________ he hadn't come! The party could have been a success.
A．How comeB．If only
C．What if
D．Only if
②________ you eat the correct foods ________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A．Only if; will you
B．Only if; you will
C．Unless; will you
D．Unless; you will
答案：①B ②A
2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
所以，每次暴发的时候成千上万的恐慌的人们死去。
(1)表示情感的及物动词如excite，discourage，disappoint，encourage，inspire，interest，move，please，puzzle，surprise，worry等，其后常加上后缀ing或ed转化为分词(也可称为形容词)，用作表、定、状或补语。在这种情况下，分词主要体现了语态的不同。现在分词有主动意味，含有“具有令人……的特性”的意思；而过去分词有被动意味，含有“受到影响而感到……”的意思。
(2)every time此处为连词，意为“每一次”，time作为“次数”时的短语，常可以做连词。如：next time下一次，each time每一次，last time上一次。即境活用用所给词的适当形式填空
①The story was so________(move)that nearly everybody was________(move)to tears.
②I am________(worry)about the result.I have never spent a more________(worry)day.
翻译句子
③每次见到她时，我总忘了她的名字。(every/each time)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①moving；moved ②worried；worrying ③Every time I meet her，I always forget her name.
3．In addition，he found two other deaths in another part of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
此外，他还发现伦敦另一个地区有两个死亡病例都与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联。
句中的that引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词two other deaths；先行词与定语从句之间被介词短语in another part of London所分隔。定语从句一般紧靠在先行词之后，但有时它与先行词之间被一个定语、状语或谓语分隔开来，这种定语从句就叫分隔定语从句。
(1)先行词与定语从句之间被用作定语的短语分开。如：
They still remember one afternoon in the first year when the professor took the students to the chemistry lab.
他们仍然记得一年级时教授带他们到化学实验室的那个下午。(先行词one afternoon和定语从句被用作定语的短语in the first year分隔开了。)
(2)先行词与定语从句之间被用作状语的短语分开。如：
I was the only person in my office who was invited.
我是我们办公室里唯一被邀请的人。(先行词person和定语从句被用作状语的in my office分隔开了。)即境活用单项填空
①The film brought the hours back to me________I was taken good care of that faraway village.
A．until
B．that
C．when
D．where
②It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year，________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A．that
B．while
C．which
D．when
答案：①C ②D
4．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water so much that she had had it delivered from the pump to her house every day.
有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。
had had it delivered属于have sth. done结构。第一个had是过去完成时中的助动词had，第二个had是have(使役动词)的过去分词；delivered是过去分词，作it的宾语补足语，表示被动关系。
●用法拓展
have sth. done通常有以下用法：
①意为“请或叫人做某事”。
②意为“遭遇某种(不幸的)事情”。说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。
③与can't，won't连用，且主语为第一人称时，表示“不容许，不许可”。
④表示“把……事做完”，主语也可自己参加完成。
I had my hair cut yesterday.
我昨天理了发。(请别人理发)
I had my watch repaired in the street yesterday.
我昨天在街上修理了我的手表。
I had my watch stolen last night.
昨夜我的表被盗了。
She had her house damaged in the storm.
她的房屋在暴风雨中遭到了破坏。
I must have the work finished before Sunday.
我一定要在周日前完成这项工作。即境活用单项填空
The director had her assistant________some hot dogs for the meeting.
A．picked up
B．picks up
C．pick up
D．picking up
答案：C 本题考查have sb. do sth.句型。句意为：领导者让助手取一些热狗准备开会用。pick up意为“获得，购买”，本题符合have sb. do sth.句型，意为“使某人干某事”。
5．To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined.
为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议，所有水源都要经过检验。
To prevent this from happening again为了防止这种情况再次发生，为不定式作目的状语。
●用法拓展
不定式作目的状语时应注意的几点：
①不定式作状语时，其否定形式不能用“not＋不定式”，必须用“so＋as not＋不定式”；或“in order not＋不定式。”
②不定式作结果状语，常表示一种意外或偶然的结果，而现在分词作状语，常表示一种必然的结果。
③不定式作原因状语时，一般放在句尾，常跟在一些形容词或过去分词后面说明产生这种情况的原因。常用的这类词有：happy，lucky，fortunate，pained，ashamed，surprised，frightened，shocked，sorry，glad，delighted，eager，disappointed，right，anxious，clever，foolish，rude，cruel，wrong，annoyed，bored，astonished，delighted，interested，worried等。
Let's hurry so as not to be late for the meeting.
咱们快点走，免得开会迟到。
The baby woke up only to find everyone had gone.
那孩子醒来，却发现所有人都走了。
He turned off the lamp，seeing nothing.
他关了灯，什么也看不见了。(必然结果)
You're foolish to believe him.
你相信他，太傻了。
He felt ashamed to tell lies.
他以撒谎为耻。
●用法拓展
有些不定式短语可作独立成分来修饰整个句子，可以称作句子状语，表明说话人的态度或想法。这类短语有：
to tell you the truth说实话
to be honest说实话
to begin with首先＝to start with
to be frank坦率地说
to be sure肯定地说
to cut a long story short长话短说
to say the least说得轻一些
to make matters worse更糟的事
to be brief简言之
to say nothing of姑且不说
to sum up概括地说
not to mention更不用说即境活用单项填空
—Did the book give the information you needed?
—Yes.But________it，I had to read the entire book.
A．to find
B．find
C．to finding
D．finding
答案：A 本题考查非谓语动词。句意为：——这本书给了你需要的信息了吗？——是的，但是为了找到它，我不得不阅读了整本书。to find表示“目的”，其他形式均有误。
知 能 层 层 练
一、单项填空
1．After the recovery, he decided to send his thanks to the doctor, who ________ him ________ the disease.
A．treated; for B．cured; for
C．cured; of
D．treated; of
答案：C
解析：cure sb. of sth.意为“治好病人的疾病”，为固定搭配。treat“治疗”不强调结果。
2．Finding information in today's world is easy. The ________ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.
A．ability
B．competition
C．challenge
D．knowledge
答案：C
解析：challenge“挑战”，符合题意。ability“能力”；competition“竞争”；knowledge“知识”。
3．________ of be