山东省高密市教科院2017届高三高考二轮复习英语《代词》学案
代词及it学习目标：
1. 掌握人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代
词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词的用法；
2. 掌握it的基本用法。
代词在高考中的考查重点：
1. 人称代词主格与宾格的用法；
2. 名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法；
3. 反身代词的用法；
4. 指示代词this, that, these, those的用法；
5. 表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较；
6. some, any的用法辨析；
7. each, every的用法辨析；
8. (a) little, (a) few, a bit的用法辨析；
9. 替代词it, that, (the) one(s), those的用
法辨析；
10. another, (the) other(s), else; the rest
的用法辨析；
11. every-, some-, any-, no-与-thing, -one,
-body构成的复合不定代词的用法；
12. it的用法。
【2017全国II】9. Sarah made ______ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
A. herself
B. this
C. that
D. it
【答案】D
【考点】考查代词的用法。
【解析】此处it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式短语。句意：Sarah今天早上成功地及时到达了机场赶上了她的航班。
【2017江西卷】23．My brother would like to buy a good watch but
was available from that shop. A．nothing B．none C．no one D．neither
【答案】B
【考点】不定代词
【解析】此处 nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，强调“每一个”；no one只能指人；neither表两者都不，故此题选B。
【2017北京卷】 If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get
for me?
A.
one
B.
such
C.
this
D.
that
【答案】A
【考点】代词的用法
【解析】根据句意：如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸，给我捎回一份好吗？one作“一个”，“一本”，“一件”等解，用来代替上文提到过的paper。相当于a copy of paper.
【2017浙江卷】5. Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to______ of McDonald's.
A. those B. ones C. any D. all
【答案】A
【考点】代词
【解析】 those=that ones, 代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonald’s修饰，符合语境。Ones表示复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。
一、概念
代词是代替名词的词，按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词和连接代词等。
二、相关知识点精讲
1. 人称代词 1) 代替人或物的代词称为人称代词。
2) 人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作 主语，宾格作宾语。如：
I like table tennis.
（作主语） Do you know him? （作宾语）
3) 人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。
4) 人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：
He is older than me.
He is older than I am.
2. 物主代词
1) 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。)
2）形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
3) 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）
--- Is this English-book yours?（作表语）
--- No. Mine is in my bag. I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours?（作宾语）
3. 指示代词
指示代词起指示、指代作用。包括：this，that，these，those。
1) this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：
This is a pen and that is a pencil.
We are busy these days.
In those days the workers had a hard time.
2) 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如：
I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come.
What I want to say is this: pronunciation
is very important in learning English.
3) 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：
Television sets made in Beijing are just as
good as those made in Shanghai.
4) this在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。例如：
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
4. 反身代词
反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。
1) 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。如：He called himself a writer.
2) 作表语。如：It doesn’t matter. I’ll be myself soon.
3) 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。如：I myself washed the clothes.
反身代词短语
enjoy oneself
过得快活 make oneself at home
别客气，别拘束
make oneself understood/heard使自己被别人理解/听到
for oneself
为自己
by oneself
独自地
5. 不定代词：
some一般用于肯定句中，但在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时，可用于疑问句中；any一般用于否定和疑问句中，但当any强调“任何”时，也可用于肯定句中。
同理：something, somebody, someone的用法同some；anything, anybody,
anyone的用法同any。
one, both, all 的用法
① some用于肯定句中，用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。
I have some friends. Smith went to some place in England.（定语）
② 在期待对方回答yes时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。 Would you like some bananas?（邀请） Mum, could you give me some money?
（请求）
③ any用于疑问句和否定句。
Is there any student in the classroom?
No, there isn’t any student.
④ any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any day is okay for me.
one指人或物，“一个”，其复数为ones。
This is not the one I want. (表语)
both指人或指物，“两者都”。
This maths problem can be worked out in both ways. (定语)
· 注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。
· Both of us are not teachers.
我们俩并不都是教师。
Neither of us is a teacher.
我们俩都不是教师。
· both不能放在the、these、those、my等 之后，而应放在它们的前面。
· Both my parents like this film.
all“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。
He gave me all the money.
他把全部的钱给了我。
All the schools are flooded.
所有的学校都被淹了。
· 注意：all用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：
· Not all the ants go out for food.
All the ants don’t go out for food.
并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。
None of the money is mine.
这钱一分也不是我的。
other, others, the other, the others 和 another
the other表示“两者中的另一个”；
other意思是“其他的”，不能单独使用，后
面必须接名词，表泛指；others可指其他的人或东西，相当于other+名词复数；
the others特指其他某些人或物，相当于the other+名词复数。
another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“(三个或三个以上的)另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。
例句：He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel. Five of the pencils are red, the others (the other pens) are yellow. Some students are singing, others (other students) are dancing. Please give me another book.
6. 相互代词：表相互关系。each other主要用于两者；one another用于三者或三者以上，在现代英语中它们可通用。
7. 疑问代词：表疑问。what指事或物，不强调范围；who (whom，whose)指人；
which既可指人也可指物，但强调范围。
8. 关系代词：引导定语从句。who， whom，whose，which，that，as
9. 连接代词：引导名词性从句。who，whom，whose，what，which
代词 it
1. 用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。
My pen is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.
2. 用以代替指示代词this, that。
--- Whose exercise-book is that?
--- It’s hers.
3. 表示时间、天气、距离季节、 环境、情况等。
It’s time for lunch.
When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.
It’s about two hours from here to the zoo.
It’s winter now.
It was very quiet (noisy) at the moment.
作形式主语，代替由不定式（或不定式复合结构）、动名词或从句表示的真正
主语。
It is exciting to find an ancient tomb.
(代替不定式)
It was wrong for you not to help her.
(代替不定式复合结构)
It is believed that this man found in the grave was from a rich family.
(代替主语从句)
作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。
We thought it no use doing that.
It强调句型
为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语、地点状语或时间状语），常用强调结构：
“It is (was) + 被强调成分 + that (或
who) …”
It was I that told her the news at the gate yesterday.
带it的一些固定词组
1. (You’ve / I’ve) got it. 懂了，明白了。
2. Forget it. 算了吧，别在意，没关系。
3. take it easy 别着急，慢慢来；别过于紧张
4. make it 办得到，做成功
5. It / That (all) depends. 那要看情况而定。
6. It is hard to say. 情况很难说。
7. It comes to nothing. 没有什么结果。
8. Don’t mention it. 不用谢。
9. That’s it. 对了；正是。
10. Believe it or not. 信不信由你。
11. It doesn’t matter. 没有关系； 不要紧；
12. When it comes to … 当谈到……；当涉及……
13. Keep it up. 再接再厉。
巩固练习
Multiple choice.
1. — He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
— When was _____?
— _____ was in 2000 when he was still in college. (2007浙江)
A. that; This
B. this; It
C. it; This
D. that; It
2. The book is of great value. _____ can be enjoyed unless you digest it. (2007福建)
A. Nothing
B. Something
C. Everything
D. Anything
3. The mayor has offered a reward of $5000 to _____ who can capture the tiger alive or dead. (2007上海)
A. both
B. others
C. anyone
D. another
4. — There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _____?
— No, I’d rather buy _____ in the bookstore. (2007陕西 )
A. it; one
B. one; one
C. one; it
D. it; it
5. — Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?
— Victoria Street? _____ is where the Grand Theatre is. (2008辽宁)
A. Such
B. There
C. That
D. This
6. The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _____ four percent. (2008四川)
A. any other
B. the other
C. another
D. other
7. Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and _____ before you leave.
(2008山东)
A. something
B. anything
C. everything
D. nothing
8. Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals _____ after an injury? (2008江西)
A. himself
B. him
C. itself
D. it
9. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy _____. (2009四川)
A. one
B. it
C. this
D. that
10. Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn’t answer _____ of them. (2009陕西)
A. other
B. any
C. none
D. some
11. — Wow! You’ve got so many clothes.
— But _____ of them are in fashion now. (2009上海)
A. all
B. both
C. neither
D. none
12. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn’t face _____ day like that. (2009山东)
A. other
B. another
C. the other
D. others
13. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _____ of them again. (2010重庆)
A. neither
B. either
C. each
D. all
14. Neither side is prepared to talk to _____ unless we can smooth things over between them. (2010全国II)
A. others
B. the other
C. another
D. one other
15. On my desk is a photo that my father took of _____ when I was a baby. (2010四川)
A. him
B. his
C. me
D. mine
16. If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend on _____. (2010上海)
A. themselves
B. them
C. us
D. ourselves
17. — Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.
— What do you think of _____ over there? (2011重庆)
A. the one
B. this
C. it
D. that
18. There is _____ in his words. We should have a try. (2011四川)
A. something
B. anything
C. nothing
D. everything
19. The two girls are so alike that strangers find _____ difficult to tell one from the other. (2011山东)
A. it
B. them
C. her
D. that
20. We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _____ based on your own interests. (2011福建)
A. either
B. each
C. one
D. it