山东省高密市教科院2017届高三高考二轮复习英语《完型填空之议论文》学案

　　专题导读

　　议论文是高考完形填空题中较难的一种文体，它一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文型完形填空，最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：

　　1. 开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。

　　2. 导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论点。

　　3. 最后提出论点。有些议论文一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，抓住每段的首句，即主旨句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脉络，理解文意就容易了。

　　真题典例

　　［2009·福建卷］

　　Children find meanings in their old family tales.

　　When Stephen Guyer‘s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker,

　　__1__

　　all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times

　　__2__

　　his strong­ minded grandfather was nearly

　　__3__， he loaded his family into the car and

　　__4__

　　them to see family members in Canada with a

　　__5__ “There are more important things in life than money.”

　　The __6__

　　took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to a

　　__7__

　　house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was __8__

　　that his children, a daughter, 15, and twins, 22, would be upset. To his surprise, they weren't.

　　__9__， their reaction echoed （共鸣） their great­ grandfather's. What they

　　__10__

　　was how warm the people were in the house and how

　　__11__

　　of their heart was accessible.

　　Many parents are finding family stories have surprising power to help children

　　__12__

　　hard times. Storytelling experts say the phenomenon reflects a growing __13__

　　in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in

　　storytelling events and festivals.

　　A university

　　__14__

　　of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids' ability to

　　__15__

　　parents' stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.

　　The __16__

　　is telling the stories in a way children can __17__. We're not talking here about the kind of story that

　　__18__， “When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow.” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the child's __19__， and make eye contact （接触） to create “a personal experience”. We don't have to tell children __20__they should take from the story and what the moral is.

　　（）1.A．issed B．lost

　　C．forgot

　　D．Ignored

　　（）2.A．when

　　B．whileC．how

　　D．Why

　　（）3.A．friendless B．worthless C．penniless D．homeless

　　（）4.A．fetched

　　B．allowed C．expected D．took

　　（）5.A．hope

　　B．promise C．suggestion

　　D．Belief

　　（）6.A．tale

　　B．agreement C．arrangement D．Report

　　（）7.A．large

　　B．smallC．new

　　D．Grand

　　（）8.A．surprised

　　B．annoyed C．disappointed D．worried

　　（）9.A．Therefore B．Besides C．Instead

　　D．Otherwise

　　（）10.A．talked about B.cared about

　　C．wrote about

　　D．heard about

　　（）11.A．much

　　B．many C．little

　　D．Few

　　（）12.A．beyond

　　B．over C．behind

　　D．through

　　（）13.A．argument

　　B．skill C．interest

　　D．Anxiety

　　（）14.A．study

　　B．design

　　C．committee

　　D．Staff

　　（）15.A．provide

　　B．retell C．support

　　D．Refuse

　　（）16.A．trouble

　　B．gift C．fact

　　D．trick

　　（）17.A．perform

　　B．write C．hear

　　D．Question

　　（）18.A．means

　　B．ends C．begins

　　D．Proves

　　（）19.A．needs

　　B．activities C．judgments

　　D．Habits

　　（）20.A．that

　　B．whatC．which

　　D．whom

　　【要点综述】 研究表明，给孩子们讲述先辈们艰苦奋斗的故事不仅有助于他们渡过难关，也可以缓解他们的精神压力——减消生气和焦虑。

　　1．B　他给他们讲述了他爷爷——一位银行家，在20世纪30年代失去了一切但没有忘记他最重视的东西的故事。本句中but后面的lose sight of暗示本空应填lost。

　　2．A　首先要弄清本句的主句是：he loaded his family into the car and…由此可知设空处引导定语从句，再根据句意可知此处用表示时间的关系副词when。

　　3．C　根据上文________（lost） all in the 1930s可知本空答案应为penniless（身无分文）。

　　4．D　爷爷用车把全家人带到加拿大。take带走；fetch去取；allow允许；expect期望。由题意可知，本题答案应为D项。

　　5． D　空后的句子There are more important things in life than money为设空处的同位语，而该句应该是爷爷的一种“信念”，不是“希望”、“诺言”和“建议”，故答案为D项。

　　6．A　根据首段最后一词及第二段整段内容可知本题答案为A。

　　7．B　本句改为：Mr. Guyer downsized from a more expensive and comfortable one to a … house后可知答案为B项。Guyer先生原来住的房子价格不菲，而且住起来非常舒适，而现在却住在一所小房子里。

　　8．D　由于生活条件变得很差，故Guyer先生担心孩子们会感到不舒服。surprised感到奇怪的；annoyed感到烦恼的；disappointed感到失望的；worried担心的。

　　9．C　使他感到奇怪的是，他们并没有感到不舒服。相反，他们的反应与他们的曾祖父一样。instead用来表示与前面提到的事情相反。

　　10．B　从下文可知，孩子们并没有因生活条件变得糟糕而感到不舒服，他们关心的是这所房子里的一家人有多温暖、他们的心有多贴近。care about关心，担心；talk about谈论；write about写关于……的内容；hear about听说。

　　11．A　根据句意可知，孩子们关心的是全家人心灵之间的贴近度（有多么贴近），much表程度，符合句意。

　　12．D　through hard times意为“度过艰难时期”。

　　13．C　讲故事的专家说这种现象反映了（人们）对讲故事越来越感兴趣，这一点从不断增加地对各种事件及节日故事的讲述上得到了印证。interest兴趣；argument争辩；skill技巧，技能；anxiety焦虑，担忧。

　　14．A　根据句意可知，此处指一项对65个家庭所做的研究。study研究；design设计；committee委员会；staff全体职工，全体人员。故A项符合句意。

　　15．B　阅读全文可知通过父母给孩子讲故事再让孩子复述这些故事这一过程，孩子们减少了生气和焦虑。

　　16．D　（讲故事的）技巧是用孩子们能够倾听的方式来讲（故事）。根据句意可知D项正确。

　　17．C　根据句意可知此处表示“倾听”，故B项不正确。perform履行，完成，演出；question询问，质疑，均不符合句意，故选C。

　　18．C　that begins 意为“是那样开始的”。由后面叙述提示可知答案。

　　19．A　根据上句可知，所讲的故事应该符合孩子们的需要而不是“活动（activities）”、“判断（judgments）”或“习惯（habits）”。

　　20．B　根据句子结构可知，此处应是一个宾语从句引导词，且从句中动词take缺少宾语，所以用what既作宾语从句的引导词又在从句中作宾语。

　　新题预测

　　Learning to save money when you're young is an important lesson. All good lessons and habits begin early, and saving is a skill that everyone __1__. Many people—adults included—do not have a good __2__ of saving for the long run.

　　I have been __3__ to learn this lesson early because I have had a grass cutting business since I was 10 years old.__4__ the money I made I spent about 10 percent and saved the other 90.

　　Making sure you save and don't spend too much is a good way to __5__ wealth. I have put my earnings in a bank. Many teens I know spend all the money they earn so it never has a chance to __6__. Young people should __7__ that their teenage years are a great time to begin saving.

　　If you have a job at high school, you __8__ have fun with some of the money. But you should also save some __9__ it will grow. Then you can begin planning for your future. When you spend money, you not only lose that money, __10__ lose the interest you could have earned by saving it.

　　After high school, college is __11__， with expenses such as food and rent. If you can __12__ a good percentage of the money you earn as a teen, going to college and buying a house will be much easier. If you are in your thirties without any savings, you will always have to __13__.

　　Later in life it can be hard to start saving__14__ general cost of living is more expensive and you may only haveenough to pay your __15__. If you want to buy a house and have a family, you

　　need money to start with, which __16__ saving.

　　Many say money cannot make you happy, and this is true. But money can help you to lead a __17__ life.

　　Saving early will mean you will have to work for fewer years when you are older. It will also __18__ you to spend time doing the things that you want to do.

　　__19__， it will mean you can live the way you want to without __20__.

　　（）1.A.needs

　　B．likes

　　C．arranges

　　D．Expects

　　（）2.A.knowledge

　　B．experienceC．form

　　D．Sense

　　（）3.A.foolish

　　B．fundamentalC．lucky

　　D．Grateful

　　（）4.A. With

　　B．OfC．In

　　D．From

　　（）5.A.divide up

　　B．build up C．keep up

　　D．make up

　　（）6.A.break

　　B．runC．make

　　D．Grow

　　（）7.A.recognize

　　B．realizeC．research

　　D．Doubt

　　（）8.A.must

　　B．dareC．should

　　D．may

　　（）9.A.so that

　　B．in caseC．in that

　　D．but for

　　（）10.A.but

　　B．andC．also

　　D．Or

　　（）11.A.expensive

　　B．cheapC．boring

　　D．Bitter

　　（）12.A.hold out

　　B．hold upC．hold onto D．hold back

　　（）13.A.survive

　　B．struggleC．tolerate D．Die

　　（）14.A.if

　　B．as long asC．while

　　D．Since

　　（）15.A.bills B．taxes C．attention

　　D．Consequences

　　（）16.A.results from B．gets from C．comes from

　　D．escapes from

　　（）17.A.happy

　　B．simple C．miserable

　　D．Secure

　　（）18.A.forbid

　　B．allowC．advise

　　D．Request

　　（）19.A.In addition

　　B．Above allC．On the contrary

　　D．Believe it or not

　　（）20.A.consulting

　　B．worrying C.resting D．thinking【要点综述】 年轻时就要学会省钱，这是重要的一课。所有好的习惯都开始于青年时代……新时代的青年人如何花钱、省钱、存钱是值得我们思考的问题。