学习目标：
1.了解在英语中什么情况下出现省略情况；
2. 掌握倒装句的构成和用法；
3.熟练掌握全部倒装，部分倒装等句子结构。
倒装句在高考中的考查重点：
1.部分倒装；
2.完全倒装
3.常考的几个重要句型：
So + be/情态/助动词+主语
Neither + be/情态/助动词+主语
So + adj/adv … + that …
Neither …, nor …
Not only …, but also …
Not until …答案C
A．had she B．she had C．has she D．she has
【2017全国新课程】34. You have to move out of the way
the truck cannot get past you. 【答案B. or
C. and
D. but
【2017山东卷】31. — I don’t know about you, but I’m sick and tired of this weather.
— _________. I can’t stand all this rain. 【答案’t care
B. It’s hard to say
C. So am I
D. I hope not
【2017浙江卷】19. Had they known what was coming next, they_______second thoughts.
A. may have B. could have C. must have had
D. might have had
【解析】本句是一个倒装句，可还原为：if they had known what was coming next, they might have had second thought。根据had known提示，可知是与过去事实相反，因此虚拟语气主句中应该用would/might +have done，由此可见答案D符合语境。
【2017江苏卷】25. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _______________?【答案】AA. is there B. isn't there C. is he D. isn't he
【解析】根据前面there be 句little，，，A项。
30. It was not until I came here ____ I realized this place was famous, for not only its beauty but also its weather. 【答案】B。 A. who B. that C. where D. before
【2017重庆卷】33. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought. 【答案】C
A. does he even given
B. he even gives
C. whether D. he will even given
【2017重庆卷】32. It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic______ Zheng sailed to East Africa
【答案】B
A. when
B. that
C. after
D. since
【2017辽宁卷】32.
Not until he retired from teaching three years ago
having a holiday abroad. 【答案】DA.
he had considered
B.
had he considered
C.
he considered
D.
did he consider
【2017四川卷】5. This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently. A. is there
B. there is
C. is it
D. it is
【解析】nor位于句首引起部分倒装，排除B、D；再根据句意“这并不是（关于）我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局不同。”选代词it。故答案选C。
【2017天津卷】6.Only after Mary read her composition the second time_________ the spelling mistake.【A】
did she notice B. she noticed
C. does she notice D. she has noticed
语法讲解
完全倒装的应用情况(不借助动词)
为了使某种情境表达的生动形象，常把 above, away, back, below, down, in, off, out, up等方位副词置于句首，以示强调和引起注意需倒装，常与come, go, fall, rush 等动词连用。
Away went the naughty boy.
若主语为代词，主谓不倒装Out he rushed.
2. 以there, here, now, then, such等简短副词位于句首时以示强调和引起注意需倒装，常用此结构的有be, go, come, exist, follow, remain, lie等不及物动词。
Here is the address of your hotel.
Here comes the bus.
若主语为代词，主谓不倒装。Here you are.
3. 表地点的介词短语位于句首，且谓语为不及物动词，主谓需倒装。
倒装方法：介词短语+谓语+主语
At the corner stands a man selling newspapers.
Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.
4.表语置于句首，保持句子平衡，以示强调，或上下文衔接需倒装。
Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay.
Outside the doctor’s clinic were 20 patients.
Hanging on the wall was a painting by Qi Baishi.
5. 以引导词there引出倒装句，常用此结构的动词有be, appear, come, exist, happen, lie, live, occur, ought, remain, seem, stand, used等。
There are many students in our school.
There appears (to be) a man in black in the distance.
6. 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首时，主句用不用倒装均可，但倒装形式更为常见，常用动词有say, ask, answer, shout, reply, exclaim等。
倒装方法: 直接引语+谓语+主语
“God save me!” thought the old man/the old man thought.
7. long live构成的表示祝愿的祈使句。
Long live world peace!
8. 以what, how开头的感叹句
What lovely weather we are having lately! How blue the sky is!
What beautiful flowers they are!
What a simple life Einstein lived!
9. 在the more…, the more…结构中需倒装
The busier he is, the happier he feels.(表语)
The less she worried, the better she worked. (状语)
The more books you read, (宾语) the wider your knowledge is.(表语)
The more learned he is, the more modest he is. (表语)
10. no matter + wh -词或wh -词+ever结构中需倒装。通常是宾[表、状]语前置。
Whatever(= no matter what) decision (宾语) he made, I would support it.
However (= no matter how) carefully (状语)
I explained, she still didn’t understand.
Whoever (= no matter who) (表语)you are, you can’t pass this way.
11. 在as, though引导的让步状语从句中需 倒装。
Much as I admire her much,I can’t excuse her faults.
Young though she is, she has seen much of the world
Man as he was, he behaved like a woman.
Try though I could, I couldn’t change her mind.
部分倒装的应用情况(需借助助动词)
1. only及所修饰的词、短语或从句作状语或宾语位于句首时，需倒装。
Only then(状语)did I know the importance of learning.
Only when he lost health(状语) did he know its value.
Only 位于句首修饰主语不倒装
Only socialism(主语)can save China.
2. never, seldom, little, few, barely, hardly…when, scarcely, rarely, no longer, no more, no sooner…than等否定词语位于句首时需倒装。
Never have I heard or seen such a thing.
3. not构成的短语位于句首作状语或宾语时需倒装。常用此结构的短语有not a word, not a moment, not a bit, in vain(无用), not once or twice(许多次)，not only [merely]…but also, not by any means=not in any way [degree=not on any account =not on one’s life(决不), not in the least [slightest] 毫不，not until
Not a moment did she waste.
Not until yesterday did I learn anything about it.
4. no构成的固定短语在句首作状语需倒装。如by no means [rate, degree, possibility, way, accident]决不， at no [rate, time, point, period]决不，in no case [way, circumstances, form, respects, sense, condition, instances, sense, shape]决不， on no consideration [condition, occasion, account, terms]决不，under no occasion [account, consideration, circumstances, term (s)]决不，in no time立马
By no means shall we give up.
5. 在含有were, had, should的if虚拟条件句中，需省略if, 把were, had, should移至主语前。
Were I you,
I would help you.
Had you come earlier,
you would have met him.
Should it rain,
the crops would be saved.
6. neither, nor, no more位于后一分句句首需倒装，“也不”(用于否定句)
He didn’t see the film, neither did she.
7. so+助动词+主语; 主语+助动词+so;
so+主语+助动词
1.倒装(指两人事)；2.(宾语照主语要求做)； 3.(指一人事)
She is a teacher. So is her mother.(妈妈也是教师)
She wants him to be a teacher. He does so.(这样做了)
You say she is a teacher. So she is.(确实如此)
11. not only [merely, alone, simply]…(but) also “不但…而且”连接两个并列分句时需倒装。Not only did we lose our money, but we also came close to losing our lives.
13. neither...nor “既不…也不”当连接两个并列分句时需倒装。连接并列宾语和状语也需倒装。 Neither did they write nor did they telephone.
省略
在高考中的考查重点：
1.主语的省略；
2.谓语或谓语的一部分的省略；
3.宾语的省略；
4.不定式的省略；
5.宾语从句和状语从句中的省略；
6.虚拟条件句中if的省略。
语法讲解
1. 动词不定式省略时何时保留“to”
be + adj. 如：glad, happy, pleased, anxious, willing, ready等词后保留“to”
love, like, mean, hope, advise, expect, want, persuade, seem等词后保留“to”
have, need, ought, be able, be going, used等词后保留“to”
ask, tell, advise, persuade, wish, permit, allow sb to do sth 结构中保留“to”
不定式的否定式后保留“to”
不定式的完成式后保留“to have”
used to be 结构中的be不能省略
2.to代替不定式以免重复。常用此结构的动词有refuse, want, seem, mean, intend, expect, hope, fear, fail, wish等。
I couldn’t find him, though I wanted to (find him).
--- Would you like to come to the party?
--- I’d love to (come to the party).
I meant to write to you, but forgot to (write to you).
巩固练习
1. Try ____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open. [2011全国卷I ]
A. if
B. when
C. sine
D. as
2. Only when he reached the tea-house _____ it was the same place he’d been in last year. [2011全国卷I ]
A. he realized
B. he did realize
C. realized he
D. did he realize
3. — It’s nice. Never before ___ such a special drink!
— I’m glad you like it. [2011福建]
A.I have had
B. I had
C. have I had
D. had I
4. Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours ____ a decision.
[2011湖南卷]
A. they reached
B. did they reach
C. they reach
D. do they reach
5. — Is everyone here?
— Not yet……Look , there ___ the rest of our guests! [2010江苏]
A. come
B. comes
C. is coming
D. are coming
6. We laugh at jokes, but seldom ____about how they work.
[2010四川]
A. we think
B. think we
C. we do think
D. do we think
7. Not until he left his home ____ to know how important the family was
for him. [2010江西]
A. did he begin
B. had he begun
C. he began
D. he had begun
8. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River____, one of the ten largest cities in China. [2010重庆]
A. lies Chongqing
B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing
D. does Chongqing lie
9. Only if people of all the countries are united _________________ (我们才能解决) the existing problems in the world. (solve) [2010湖北]
10. For a moment nothing happened. Then
all shouting together.
[2009福建]
A. voices had come
B. came voices
C. voices would come
D. did voices come
11. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only ___, but students became more interested in the lessons. [2009海南]
A. saved was teachers’ energy
B. was teachers’ energy saved
C. teachers’ energy was saved
D. was saved teachers’ energy
12. So sudden ____ that the enemy had no time to escape. [2009山东]
A. did the attack
B. the attack did
C. was the attack
D. the attack was
13. Little ____ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself. [2009陕西]
A. did Rose care
B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care
14. Not until I came home last night ____ to bed. [2009四川]
A. Mum did go
B. did Mum go
C. went Mum
D. Mum went
15. Unsatisfied ____ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. [2009重庆]
A. though was he
B. though he was
C. he was though D. was he though
16. It was announced that only when the fire was under control ____ to return to their homes. [2008江西]
A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted
C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted
17. Not until the motorbike looked almost new ____ repairing and cleaning it. [2008陕西] A. he stopped
B. did he stop C. stopped he
D. he did stop
18. Only when I left my parents for Italy ____ how much I loved them. [2008重庆] A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
19. Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and ____. [2008辽宁] A. I was neither
B. neither was I
C. I was either
D. either was I
20. ___ you eat the correct foods ___ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. [2008江苏] A. Only if; will you
B. Only if; you will
C. Unless; will you
D. Unless; you will
21.Was it on a lonely island ____ he was saved one month after the boat
went down? 【2011四川】
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. what
2. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ____ benefits our work most. 【2011陕西】
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. what
3. It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently. 【2011湖南】
A .which
B. that
C. how
D. when