Unit 4 Earthquakes
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2017·邯郸高三质检)—I had been worried about English before the final exam, but I got an A!
—________
A．Wish you good luck!
B．Sounds great!
C．Congratulations!
D．You shouldn't have worried about it.
答案：C 考查交际用语。Congratulations！“(祝贺用语)恭喜你；祝贺你！”
2．(2017·贵州省六校联盟第一次联考)________ in a classic detective novel, the landlord didn't notice a thief was creeping up to his bedroom.
A．Buried B．To be buried
C．Burying
D．Having buried
答案：A 考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：因为全神贯注于一部经典侦探小说，房东没有注意到一个贼正在蹑手蹑脚地向他的卧室走去。句子主语the landlord与bury构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以排除C、D两项；B项不定式表示将来，不符合语境，也可以排除。
3．(2017·淄博一中质检)Today the public is much concerned about the way ________.
A．nature is being ruined
B．which nature is ruined
C．on which to ruin nature
D．of nature to be ruined
答案：A 考查the way的定语(从句)。句意：当今公众非常关心大自然正遭受怎样的破坏。the way表示“方式；方法”时，其后可跟that，in which引导的定语从句，实际应用中关系词常省略；也可跟不定式或of短语，构成the way to do sth.或the way of doing sth.结构，结合以上情况，只有A项符合要求。
4．(2017·山师大附中高三质检)So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people ________.
A．reported injured
B．reported injuring
C．reporting injured
D．reporting injuring
答案：A 考查非谓语动词。句意：迄今为止，大约40间房屋不堪重负被大雪压塌，据报道22人受伤。句中with的复合结构改为句子后为：22 people were reported to be injured。
5．(2017·福州高三质检)________ from ________ number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
A．Judge; a
B．Judging; a
C．Judging; the
D．Judge; the
答案：C 句意：根据车的数量看，他认为俱乐部还没有很多人。judging from“从……来看；根据……来判断”；the number of＋可数名词复数表示“……的数目”。
6．(2017·东北育才中学高三质检)The reason ________ at the meeting is not reasonable.
A．he was absent
B．what he was absent
C．how he was absent
D．why he was absent
答案：D 关系词在定语从句中作状语，故应选择why引导的定语从句。
7．(2017·山东省实验中学诊断)I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ________.
A．everything
B．anything
C．nothing
D．none
答案：A 考查部分否定。句意：我同意你所说的大部分内容，但是我并不是同意全部内容。not...everything表示部分否定。
8．(2017·天津，13)The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers
________
one of the main pipes.
A．had repaired
B．have repaired
C．repaired
D．are repairing
答案：D 本题考查时态。题意：水供应被临时切断，因为工人们正在维修一条主要管道。由has been cut off可以看出是发生在现在的事情，并且“临时切断水供应”是因为“正在维修”，所以要用现在进行时。故选D项。
9．(2017·江西抚州一中测试)It was a really ________ experience. Afterwards everybody was very ________.
A．frightening; shocking
B．frightened; shocking
C．frightening; shocked
D．frightened; shocked
答案：C 考查形容词辨析。句意：这的确是一次令人恐惧的经历。过后每个人都感到非常震惊。frightening常用来描述事物，意为“令人恐惧的”；shocked常用来描述人的感受，意为“(对……感到)震惊的”。
10．(2017·南昌三中月考)Some parents are just too protective. They want to ________ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
A．spot
B．dismiss
C．shelter
D．distinguish
答案：C 考查动词辨析。根据前一句中的内容可知父母想给孩子提供“庇护”，让他们避免各种危险，无论是真实的，还是想象的。A项表示“认出；发现”，B项表示“开除；解散”，D项表示“区分”，都不符合语意。
11．(2017·山东四市联考)All of the tools now kept here came from those ________ on their farm.
A．they have used
B．they use
C．they had used
D．once using
答案：C 考查定语从句。句意：这儿保存的工具都是他们在农场用过的工具。先行词是those，替代those tools。they had used前省略了关系代词which。
12．(2017·淄博市期末)It came as ________ shock that ________ fire broke out in Shanghai yesterday, killing at least 5 people.
A．a; a
B．a；不填
C．不填；a
D．the；the
答案：A 考查冠词。句意：昨天上海发生了一起火灾，造成至少5人死亡，这个消息真是令人震惊的消息。第一空shock在此被具体化，表示一件具体的事情；第二空表示泛指。
13．(2017·忻州市第一次联考)Though ________ in the accident, the bus driver did all he could to help the passengers to safety.
A．injuring
B．injured
C．to injure
D．having injured
答案：B 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管在事故中受了伤，但是那位公交车司机还是尽自己所能把乘客送到了安全的地方。though后省略了句子的主语和动词be的形式was，所以选injured。
14．(2017·忻州市第一次联考)The white building across the street, ________ roof has been seriously damaged in the hurricane, belongs to a hospital.
A．where
B．why
C．which
D．whose
答案：D 考查定语从句。句意：街对面的那座白色小楼是一家医院的，这座小楼的屋顶在飓风中遭到了严重的破坏。由句意可知，选whose。
15．(2017·开封市一模)We haven't enough books for ______ so some of you will have to share.
A．somebody
B．everybody
C．anyone
D．nobody
答案：B 考查部分否定。句意：我们的书不足以让所有人使用，所以你们有些人必须共用。由句意可知，此处是表示部分否定，所以选everybody。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
A powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at 2：46 p. m.
local time on March 11th, 2011. Japan's Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami warnings just three minutes later. The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world.
There are over 4,000 Seismic Intensity Meters(地震烈度测量仪) in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity. These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening. Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes. There are also concrete sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline. But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami.
Castas Synolakis is a tsunami expert in Los Angeles. He says, “Japan is one of those most wellprepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning. They had a warning. I think what went wrong is that they had not anticipated the size of this event.”
He says there are two reasons for this. Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last 150 years.
And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan.
The 9.0magnitude earthquake was the 4th most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide.
It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as 13 meters in some areas.
Costas Synolakis says Japan's concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves. A tsunami wave can travel as fast as 800 kilometers per hour. To get to higher ground people would often have to travel for many kilometers. This can take more time than a fast traveling tsunami will permit. This is especially true in cases like Japan, where the center of the earthquake struck so close to the coastline. The tsunami waves followed almost immediately.
Experts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these_facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted.
文章大意：本文是科技文。日本的地震预警系统位居世界前列，能在地震发生后的两分钟内提供信息。三分钟内能够提供有关地震强度和震中的信息。在海啸预警方面，日本是世界上准备工作做得最充分的国家之一，但这次他们没有预测出这次海啸的规模如此之大。
1．From the second paragraph we can infer that________.
A．Japan is an island country
B．the center of the earthquake is located in the northeastern coast
C．the meters in Japan have dropped behind
D．many measures have been carried out to reduce the consequences of earthquakes in Japan
答案：D 推理判断题。A说法正确，但不是本段的推理；B不是由第二段推理得出的，是第一段中明示的信息。根据“These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening.Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes.”判断，C项推理错误。D项根据所列事实可以推断得出。
2．The underlined word “anticipated” in the third paragraph probably means“________”．
A. predicted
B. measured
C. counted
D. prevented
答案：A 猜测词义题。根据第四段和第五段信息可知，日本的海啸预警系统是世界上最好的之一，此次失误在于没有预料到海啸的规模如此大。
3．The underlined words “these facts” in the last paragraph refer to the following EXCEPT________.
A. the concrete sea walls can't control the wave
B. it is the worst earthquake happening in Japan in
the history
C. the speed of the tsunami is frightening and quick
D. there are many earthquakes in Japan
答案：D 细节认定题。根据文章倒数第二段、倒数第三段内容可知答案为D。
4．Which may be the best title of this passage?
A. Earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted
B. A 9.0magnitude earthquake hit Japan
C. Japan's concrete sea walls
D. A report about Japan's early warning systems
答案：D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容判断，文章介绍日本拥有世界上最先进的地震、海啸预警系统，但没有预料到这次大地震和海啸如此之猛。
5．On which column of China Daily can you find the passage?
A. Technology
B. Culture discovery
C. Travel
D. History
答案：A 推理判断题。本文主要介绍的是日本的地震、海啸预警系统的先进性和局限性。
B
(2017·太原市二模)
MARCH 05, 2017
TOKYO (AFP)—A father froze to death while sheltering his nineyearold daughter from severe weekend snowstorms that swept northern Japan. Mikio Okada, one of at least nine people killed as snowstorms swept across Hokkaido (北海道), died as he tried to protect his only child Natsune against winds of up to 109 kilometers per hour in Yubetsu, Hokkaido, as temperatures fell sharply to minus 6 degrees centigrade.
Okada's body was uncovered by rescuers looking for the pair after relatives raised the alarm. Natsune was wearing her father's jacket and was wrapped in his arms. The pair had last been heard from at 4 p. m. on Saturday, after fisherman Okada picked his daughter up from a school where she was being looked after while he was at work. Okada called his relatives to say his truck had become stuck in the driving snow, which was several meters deep in places. He told them he and Natsune would walk the remaining kilometre. The two were found just 300 meters from the truck at 7 a．m. on Sunday.
Okada had his body bent over his daughter, gently holding her in his arms and apparently using his body and a warehouse wall to provide shelter. The small girl was taken to hospital, where she was found to have no serious injuries. Her father was officially pronounced dead by doctors at the same hospital.
The newspaper Yomiuri said Natsune's mother had died of illness two years earlier. The paper quoted neighbors as saying Okada had been an extremely caring father who would often delay the start of his working day to enjoy breakfast with his daughter.
His death came as families all over Japan celebrated Girls' Day, a festival in which they gather at home and decorate houses with dolls. “He reserved a cake for his only daughter and was looking forward to celebrating Dolls' Festival together，” a neighbor told the Yomiuri.
文章大意：本文是一篇资讯报道。文章报道了在日本发生的一场暴风雪，父亲为了保护女儿被冻死的感人故事。
6．When the disaster happened, the father and daughter were ________.
A．returning home after visiting relatives
B．just 300 meters away from home
C．driving home after a visit to a hospital
D．on their way home from the girl's school
答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三、四句“... after fisherman Okada picked his daughter up from a school... his truck had become stuck in the driving snow...”可知，D项正确。
7．Which of the following doesn't show the father's love for his daughter?
A．Okada called his relatives to say his truck had become stuck.
B．Okada had his body bent over his daughter.
C．Okada had been looking forward to Dolls' Festival.
D．Natsune was wearing her father's jacket.
答案：A 细节理解题。文章第二段第四句“Okada called his relatives to say his truck had become stuck in the driving snow...”只是在陈述一个事实，并不能显示父女情深。故A项正确。本题可用排除法。
8．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The relatives were not careful enough and raised the alarm too late.
B．No one cared for Natsune at home while her dad was at work.
C．The rescuers' delay resulted in the avoidable death.
D．Okada had just celebrated Girls' Day with his daughter before he died.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第三句“... where she was being looked after
while he was at work”可推知，在Okada上班时，没有人照顾女儿。故B项正确。
9．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．9yearold girl made orphan in snowstorm
B．Snowstorm takes away 9yearold girl's father
C．Father dies sheltering daughter from snowstorm
D．Japanese dad dies in snowstorm
答案：C 标题概括题。根据文章第一段第一句及对文章的整体描述可知，C项做标题最恰当。