专题限时检测(十四) 完形填空之说明文体和议论文体
(共3篇，每篇限时18分钟)
A
(2015·扬州中学高三4月检测)Thanks to a combination of young businessmen, large numbers of university students and revitalization (新生) efforts by the local and national governments, todays Nanjing has an __1__ of youthful exuberance (繁茂) that would have been __2__only a few decades ago.__3__， the city, a booming city of 6.5 million on the banks of the Yangtze River some 185 miles west of Shanghai, bears __4__resemblance to the former capital of China that suffered the worst cruelty and violence of World War Ⅱ.
__5__Nanjing has shown a remarkable capacity for reinvention during its 2,500year history. And in recent years, the city has moved __6__its tragic past to become a vital engine of China’s economic growth, thanks __7__to its position in the middle of China’s prosperous eastern seaboard. Growth has also __8__thanks to improved ground transportation: A new bullet train linking Nanjing and Shanghai started service last year，__9__travel time between the cities from several hours to just 75 minutes, and a BeijingShanghai highspeed line is __10__to open later this year, with a stop in Nanjing. Within the city, two metro lines were built in the last few years; 15 more are planned to begin service by 2030.
Signs of Nanjing?s __11__wealth and optimism can be seen everywhere. In the heart of the downtown Xinjiekou district, a bronze statue of Sun Yatsen，__12__the father of modern China, looks __13__over a busy __14__area.
There is perhaps no more __15__symbol of the city’s transformation than the Zifeng Tower, a 1,480foot skyscraper that opened its doors last May.__16__offices, restaurants and an InterContinental hotel, the tower is the second tallest building in China and billed as the seventh tallest in the world.
Underlying all this development is a large Chinese and __17__student population — there are several major universities, plus a branch of Johns Hopkins?s international studies school. In fact，art and music __18__in all sorts of places.
On a larger __19__， local government officials and private investors are pushing the city as a rising center for contemporary art and architecture, hoping to attract __20__from the neonbathed streets of its neighbor Shanghai.
1.A.advance B．affection
C．air
D．ability
2．A.unforgettable
B．unthinkable
C．unbearable
D．unnecessary
3．A.Actually
B．Regretfully
C．Hopefully
D．Consequently
4．A.close
B．slight
C．much
D．little
5．A.Because
B．But
C．As
D．Since
6．A.beyond
B．on
C．off
D．out
7．A.in addition
B．in all
C．in part
D．in fact
8．A.started
B．enlarged
C．existed
D．accelerated
9．A.removing
B．cutting
C．dividing
D．lowering
10．A.scheduled
B．invented
C．desired
D．meant
11．A.attractive
B．wellreceived
C．newfound
D．discovered
12．A.thought
B．treated
C．considered
D．elected
13．A.out
B．at
C．about
D．for
14．A.remote
B．regional
C．rural
D．commercial
15．A.universal
B．visible
C．traditional
D．political
16．A.Keeping
B．Consisting
C．Opening
D．Housing
17．A.British
B．western
C．American
D．foreign
18．A.spring up
B．stand up
C．set up
D．keep up
19．A.extent
B．degree
C．scale
D．level
20．A.businessmen
B．students
C．tourists
D．painters
B
(2015·苏州高三调研)When we choose a word we do more than give information; we also express our feelings about whatever we?re describing. Words point to __1__but often link these to attitudes at the same time; they can also __2__ the beliefs and attitudes of other people. How would the different descriptions affect the listeners? The fact that words can __3__ like this is important and valuable, for it adds a(n) __4__ to our communication with one another. Advertisers make use of it in a number of ways.
The manufacturer needs a name that will do __5__ just label: he wants a name that brings suitable __6__ as well — the ideas that the word brings to the mind will help __7__ the product. If all were available at the same price, which coat or suit would you choose from this range of shades — Dark Tan, Brown, Mud Brown?
Just because of this, the advertiser is very __8__ about the way he describes his product and what it will __9__. Almost every advertisement has certain key words (sometimes, but not __10__， in bold or large letters, or beginning with a capital letter) that are intended to be __11__， while at the same time appearing to be informative. It’s difficult enough __12__ to describe what a thing is and how it works in words, especially in a few words, but the writers who write for the advertisements also try to __13__ feelings, associations and attitudes. Some words seem to have been so __14__ in selling that the advertisers use them almost as if they were a magic __15__ to a certain sale. How often, for instance, have you come across the word “golden” in advertisements?
One thing reminds us of another — especially if we often see them together. As a matter of fact, these __16__， also called “associations” are sometimes more imaginary than real: for many people a robin suggests Christmas, for others silver candlesticks suggest wealth. The tricks of the advertising business are all examples of the advertiser encouraging us to associate products with those things he thinks we really __17__ — a good job, a sport car, a beautiful girlfriend — perhaps most of all a feeling of __18__. The advertiser often creates a “good image” of the product by showing us someone who uses his product and who leads the kind of life we should like to lead. We buy not just the product but the sense of importance that __19__ it. We drink CocaCola not just for the taste, but because we would like to be thought of as being as cheerful as the __20__ people who drink it in the ads.
1.A.facts
B．examples
C．opinions
D．beliefs
2．A.explain
B．affect
C．reflect
D．affirm
3．A.act
B．work
C．matter
D．employ
4．A.emotion
B．richness
C．variety
D．diversity
5．A.more than
B．less than
C．no more than
D．the same as
6．A.relatives
B．attachments
C．decorations
D．associations
7．A.manufacture
B．promote
C．develop
D．design
8．A.curious
B．anxious
C．cautious
D．casual
9．A.say
B．tell
C．make
D．do
10．A.usually
B．scarcely
C．always
D．seldom
11．A.persuasive
B．dramatic
C．responsible
D．interesting
12．A.overly
B．partly
C．simply
D．really
13．A.cover
B．relate
C．decide
D．include
14．A.meaningful
B．precise
C．successful
D．familiar
15．A.key
B．secret
C．way
D．guide
16．A.tricks
B．attitudes
C．words
D．reminders
17．A.order
B．want
C．miss
D．possess
18．A.achievement
B．existence
C．honor
D．importance
19．A.goes over
B．goes for
C．goes with
D．goes after
20．A.energetic
B．amusing
C．clumsy
D．trustworthy
C
(2015·江苏四校高三联考)I read about an athlete who made it all the way to the Olympics despite hating his chosen sport. He committed his entire life to __1__ one tiny, yet large, sentence — I’m proud of you. At some point we all have someone we want to __2__， whose approval means the world to us.
I have a clear memory of the person I wanted approval from telling me I was intelligent, the kind of memory that stays very clear because youve recalled it so many times. I had __3__ someone?s opinion about buying a Canadian soda. “We should really support our own economy，” tenyearold me said. I had no idea what that meant, __4__ I was looked at with approval, and my heart was filled with __5__. I loved that feeling — the approval of my hero. It was nothing like the Olympic athlete, but I made some very big __6__ based on what might make them __7__. I was hugely affected by wanting their approval.
Months ago this
person removed me from his life. It hurt a lot. However, in life there is rarely hurt __8__ growth. I recently __9__ on myself and my behavior and noticed something — I feel free. After a period of denying and upset, I __10__ that this is just how it is. This realization made me see how often I was transforming myself according to the __11__， “What would they think？” I’d been using the desire for approval as an __12__ excuse for hiding. My excuse was gone immediately I realized it __13__. It was time to __14__ step into myself and stop hiding who I am from others. Are you hiding? I hid in approvalseeking. Maybe you hide behind judgment. We all have our ways, and it can be really scary to let __15__ go.
The thing is, __16__， as long as we prevent ourselves being truly seen, we will never be truly understood. Connection with others won’t be wholly authentic, and we will edit ourselves because we __17__ potential thoughts in other people?s heads. It?s pretty __18__. Of course, breaking up isn?t __19__ when you expect to be freed from wanting someone?s approval. You don?t even have to tell them you no longer care what they think of you. Just __20__ and do what makes you happy and go for the things you really want in life. Do your things, and let them do theirs.
1.A.searchingB．seeking
C．making
D．reading
2．A.love
B．upset
C．please
D．annoy
3．A.shared
B．assessed
C．analyzed
D．parroted
4．A.so
B．but
C．as
D．for
5．A.disappointment
B．depression
C．satisfaction
D．amazement
6．A.profits
B．statements
C．decisions
D．preparations
7．A.cozy
B．healthy
C．wise
D．proud
8．A.with
B．without
C．by
D．through
9．A.reflected
B．dawned
C．counted
D．experimented
10．A.assumed
B．accepted
C．anticipated
D．argued
11．A.opinion
B．concept
C．thought
D．reason
12．A.unconscious
B．unforgettable
C．unpleasant
D．unbelievable
13．A.existed
B．rose
C．faded
D．disappeared
14．A.physically
B．precisely
C．automatically
D．authentically
15．A.them
B．it
C．us
D．you
16．A.therefore
B．instead
C．though
D．eventually
17．A.miss
B．fear
C．doubt
D．advocate
18．A.appealing
B．scarce
C．silly
D．inspiring
19．A.impossible
B．necessary
C．important
D．abundant
20．A.look out
B．hurry up
C．hold on
D．go aheadA
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代南京城的巨大变化。由于国家和地方政府，年轻商人和大批高校学生的努力，今天的南京呈现出一派数十年前无法想象的繁荣景象。因地处中国最具发展前景的东部沿海一带，如今的南京已挣脱过去的伤痛阴霾，成为中国经济发展的重要动力。1．选C ：。have an air of ……气氛/氛围/景象”。C项正确。
2．选B B项意为“无法想象的”，符合语境。故B项正确。A项意为“无法忘记的”；C项意为“无法忍受的”；D项意为“没有必要的”，都与语境不符。
3．选A 句意：事实上，从上海往西185 英里，坐落在长江边上的南京如今已是坐拥六百五十万人口的繁荣城市，她已不再是第二次世界大战时备受蹂躏的中国前首都。A项意为“事实上”，符合语境。故A项正确。
4．选D 南京已不再是第二次世界大战时备受蹂躏的中国前首都。bear little resemblance to 意为“与……大不一样”，little 意为“几乎没有”，符合语境。故D项正确。
5．选B 根据上句“第二次世界大战时中国前首都南京备受蹂躏”可知，本句与上句形成转折关系。故B项正确。
6．选A 句意：近年来，因地处中国最具发展前景的东部沿海的中部地带，如今的南京已挣脱过去的伤痛阴霾，成为中国经济发展的重要动力。move beyond 意为“挣脱，跨出，超越”；move on 意为“变换工作，改变，流逝”；move off 意为“离开，出发”；move out 意为“撤离，搬出”。故A项正确。
7．选C 根据上文“Thanks to a combination of young businessmen，large numbers of university students ...”可知，南京能够成为中国经济发展的动力，还由于政府、商人、大学生的共同努力，所以其优越的地理位置只是部分因素。thanks in part to 意为“部分因为”，in part 意为“部分地”，符合语境与下文中的“Growth has also”相呼应。故C项正确。
8．选D 句意：而得利于完善的地面交通，南京的发展速度还在不断加快。D项意为“加速”，符合语境。故D项正确。
9．选B 句意：沪宁动车组去年投入运营，将往来两地之间的时间由几小时缩短至75分钟……cut ...to 为固定搭配，意为“减少到……”，符合语境。故B项正确。
10．选A 句意：……京沪高铁将于今年年末投入使用，南京是必停站。be scheduled to 为固定搭配，意为“计划……”，符合语境。故A项正确。
11．选C 句意：南京随处可见象征着新财富与乐观的标志。C项意为“新发现的”，符合语境。故C项正确。
12．选C 根据常识可知，孙中山先生被视为现代中国之父。C项意为“视为，把……看作”，符合语境。故C项正确。
13．选A 句意：现代中国之父孙中山先生的青铜像矗立在南京市中心商业区新街口，他越过一片繁华的商业区看向远方。look out 意为“向外看”，符合语境。故A项正确。
14．选D D项意为“商业的”，符合语境。故D项正确。
15．选B 句意：紫峰大厦去年五月份开放。这座高1 480英尺的摩天大楼或许是南京城里最明显的城市蜕变标志。B项意为“可见的，明显的，引人注目的”，符合语境。故B项正确。
16．选D 句意：紫峰大厦集办公、餐饮和洲际酒店于一体，它是中国第二高，世界第七高的建筑。D项意为“给……房子住，覆盖，存放”，符合语境。故D项正确。
17．选D 句意：南京的高速发展离不开当地大批海内外学生……D项意为“国外的”，与上文的“Chinese”相呼应，符合语境。故D项正确。
18．选A 句意：事实上，这儿的每个角落都散发出艺术和音乐的气息。A项意为“发生，出现”，符合语境。故A项正确。
19．选C 句意：在更大程度上，当地政府官员和私人投资者都在将这座城市打造成一个正在崛起的当代艺术和建筑中心。on a large scale 为固定搭配，意为“在很大程度上”。故C项正确。
20．选C 句意：……他们希望以此从临近的处处霓虹的上海吸引来更多的游客。根据上文可知，当地政府和私人投资者都在将这座城市打造成一个正在崛起的当代艺术和建筑中心，结合该句中的“处处霓虹的上海”可以推知，他们意在吸引游客。C项意为“游客”，符合语境。故C项正确。
B
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了语言的作用，以及广告商如何利用有效的广告语言来提升自己产品的知名度。1．选A 句意：语言指的是事实但是同时也和人的态度有关。由下文的“The fact that words can ____ like this”可知，此处应为fact，意为“事实”。故选A。
2．选B 由下一句“How would the different descriptions affect the listeners？”可知，此处应为affect，意为“影响”。故选B。
3．选B 句意：语言能够这样发挥作用的事实很重要，很有价值。故选B。
4．选B 由上文可知，语言的作用很重要很有价值，不同的表达对听众有不同的影响，因为它使人与人之间的交流更丰富。故选B。
5．选A 句意：制造商需要一个不仅仅是标签的名字……由下文可知，制造商希望这个商品的名字能够对提升产品有帮助。故选A。
6．选D 句意：……他(制造商)希望商标能够与产品有适当的联系，能够对提升产品有帮助。故选D。
7．选B 由下文可知，人们在价格相同的前提下会看商标选择产品，所以适当的商标能够提升产品的知名度。故选B。
8．选C 句意：正是由于这个原因，广告商很谨慎地描述他的产品……故选C。
9．选D 这里是指对产品的描述发挥的作用。故选D。
10．选C 句意：几乎所有广告都有自己的关键词(有时，但不是总是用黑体字或者大字)。故选C。
11．选A 句意：几乎所有广告都有自己的关键词，这些关键词要具有说服力。故选A。
12．选C 句意：很难简单地用语言，尤其是寥寥数语描述一个东西是什么以及它是如何起作用的，但是写广告的人通常会把感情、联系和态度包含在内。故选C。
13．选D 这里是指写广告的人为了更好地宣传产品，会把情感、联系和态度包含在内。故选D。
14．选C 由下文中的“magic”可知，有的广告词非常成功。故选C。
15．选A 句意：有的广告词非常成功以至于广告商把这些广告当成了销售法宝。magic key 意为“魔法钥匙，法宝”。故选A。
16．选D 由本段第一句中“One thing reminds us of another”可知，这里是指这些暗示。故选D。
17．选B 句意：广告业充满了这样的例子：广告商鼓动我们把他们的产品和他们认为我们想要的东西联系越来……根据后面的“a good job, a sport car”可知，此处指人们想要的东西。故选B。
18．选D 由后面的“but the sense of importance”可知，我们想要的也许主要是被重视的感觉。故选D。
19．选C 结合语境可知，我们买的不仅仅是产品还有那些跟它一起的被重视的感觉。故选C。
20．选A 句意：我们喝可口可乐不只是因为它的口味，还因为我们想让自己像广告中喝可乐的人那样活力四射。故选A。
C
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。有些人总是为了得到别人的认可而隐藏真实的自我，这种做法实际是很愚蠢的。我们应该追随自己内心的渴望，去做自己真正喜欢的事。1．选B 根据第一句中“despite hating his chosen sport”和空格后“one tiny, yet large, sentence — Im proud of you”以及本文中心可知，这位运动员之所以这样做，不是出于内心热爱，而是想追求别人的认可——听别人说一句“我以你为荣”。故选B项，意为“追求，寻找”。
2．选C 根据这位运动员的例子和空格后“whose approval means the world to us”可知，有时我们做事不是出于热爱，而是为了得到别人的认可，让别人满意。故选C项，意为“讨好，使高兴，使满意”。
3．选D 根据下句中“tenyearold me said. I had no idea what that meant”可知，作者当时并不懂这句话的意思，只是为了得到对方的认可，人云亦云。故选D项，意为“随声附和，机械重复”。
4．选B 根据句中“I had no idea”和“I was looked at with approval”可知，空格前后两句之间是转折关系。故选B项。
5．选C 根据上文可知，作者鹦鹉学舌，目的是为了得到别人的认可，从而获得自我满足。故选C项，意为“满足”，与下句“I loved that feeling — the approval of my hero.”相照应。
6．选C 根据文章第一句中“made it all the way to the Olympics despite hating his chosen sport”和该句的前一个分句可知，虽然作者的决定与这位运动员的相比微不足道，但在作者来看也是非常重要的。故选C项，意为“决定”。
7．选D 根据第一段最后两句“He committed his entire life to ... Im proud of you ... whose approval means the world to us.”可知，这样做是为了得到别人的认可，让别人感到骄傲。故选D项，意为“自豪的，骄傲的”。
8．选B 根据句中“However”可知，本句与上句构成转折关系。根据下文可知，通过这件事，作者学到了关于成长的道理，即没有成长过程是不经历伤痛的。故选B项。
9．选A 根据句中“noticed something”可知，这是作者对自己的行为进行反思而悟出的道理。故选A项，意为“反思，考虑”。
10．选B 根据空格后“this is just how it is”和下句中的“This realization”可知，在一段时间的否定与沮丧后，作者认识到自己应该去接受事物本来的样子。故选B项，意为“接受，相信”，与“denying”相对。
11．选C 根据空格后“What would they think？”可知，这是作者以前做事的出发点，总是想着别人会怎么看。故选C项，意为“想法”。
12．选A 根据下句“My excuse was gone immediately I realized it ________ .”可知，以前作者没意识到寻求别人的认可实际是无意识地隐藏真实自我的借口。当意识到这一点时，这个借口也就消失了。故选A项，意为“无意识的”，与下句中“realized”相照应。
13．选A 通过上文和句中“gone immediately I realized it”可知，作者通过反思才意识到为了隐藏自我的那些无意识的借口的存在。而一旦意识到这一点，这种潜意识就消失了。故选A项，意为“存在”。
14．选D 根据上句“My excuse was gone immediately I realized it ________.”可知，作者意识到不该隐藏真实的自我。由此可知，本句指要做真正的自己。故选D项，意为“真实地，真正地”。
15．选A 根据句中“We all have our ways”可知，空格处用来指代句中“ways”。故选A项。
16．选C 本句与上段最后一句之间构成转折关系。故选C项，意为“然而”。
17．选B 根据上文可知，有些人很在意别人的认可，所以会因为尽力讨好别人而忘记自我。故选B项，意为“害怕”，强调过度在意。
18．选C 根据上文可知，此处指这种过分在意别人看法而忽视真实自我的想法当然是错误的。故选C项，意为“愚蠢的，糊涂的”。
19．选B 根据下句“You dont even have to”可知，结束彼此间的关系是没必要的。故选B项，意为“必要的”。
20．选D 根据最后一句“Do your things, and let them do theirs.”可知，这是作者在鼓励读者，只要去做真实自我即可，其余都不必考虑。故选D项，意为“去做吧，开始做吧”。