Module 1-2
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2015·太原市高三二模)
Washington: NASA has announced evidence that Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede, has a saltwater ocean under its icy surface. The ocean seems to have more water than all the water on Earth's surface, according to new Hubble observation.
New Hubble observations of Ganymede's magnetic field strongly suggest that the moon, which is the largest in our whole solar system, is home to a subsurface ocean.
Scientists estimate the ocean is 95 kilometers thick, which is about 10 times deeper than Earth's oceans. But unlike our salty waters, Ganymede's ocean is buried under 150 kilometers of ice.
While scientists have speculated(推测) since 1970s about the presence of an ocean on Ganymede—the largest moon in our solar system—until now the only observational evidence came from a brief flyby by the Galileo spacecraft, which didn't observe the moon long enough to confirm a liquid ocean.
This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish. In its 25 years in orbit, Hubble has made many scientific discoveries in our own solar system. A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.
Scientists_have_already_confirmed_the_existence_of_an_ocean_on_Europe,_another moon orbiting Jupiter, and NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water.
Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth, but because of its impressive gravitational analyses it can be used to study the inside of far distant planets. Using these same principles, scientists could theoretically detect oceans on distant planets as well.
语篇解读：这是一篇关于天文知识的资讯报道。科学家们通过Hubble望远镜判断在木星上发现曾有海洋的存在，人们期待了更多的地球以外的生命存在。
1．What can we learn about the Ganymede from the passage?
A．It is a planet with the largest moon in our whole solar system.
B．Its ocean adds to people's excitement about life beyond Earth.
C．It will be used by NASA as a base for the Hubble telescope.
D．Its liquid ocean was first proved by the Galileo spacecraft.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据通过第五段中“A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.”可知海洋增加了人们关于地球以外的生命的兴奋。故选B。
2．Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude towards Hubble?
A．Cautious B．Doubtful
C．Negative D．Favourable
答案：D 推理判断题。 A. Cautious“谨慎的”；B. Doubtful“怀疑的”；C. Negative“否定的”；D. Favourable“支持的”。根据第五段中“This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplished.”可知作者对Hubble的态度是支持的。故选D。
3．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．An underground ocean has been found in Europe.
B．The presence of an underground ocean in Europe is not possible.
C．It is now certain that there is an ocean on Europe.
D．No evidence has shown the existence of an ocean on Europe.
答案：C 句意猜测题。 通过横线句子中的“confirm the existence” 和“NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water.”可知欧洲上空可能有海洋是确定的。故选C。
4．What type of writing does this passage belong to?
A．A term essay B．A news report
C．An experiment report D．An exploration review.
答案：B 推理判断题。 A. A term essay“一个学期论文”；B. A news report“一个资讯报道”；C.An experiment report“一个实验报告”；D. An exploration review“一个探索评论”。通过第一段“Washington: NASA has announced evidence...”格式及文章内容可知。故选B。
B
(2015·菏泽市高三二模)
Around four years ago, I received a call from the principal of our school as to the “Parents View” talk the next morning. He asked me to speak to the group. After the call, my whole body became feverish and panicky. The time from his call to the next morning seemed like years. The whole night, I could not sleep with many ominous_apprehensions in mind. One of them was to call the principal with regret and tell him that I could not come. Finally, I gathered some courage. I thought, “If I miss this opportunity, surely the school will never invite me again to any of their programs.”
I reached the school in time. Before my turn came, my whole body was trembling. When my turn came and I started speaking, my heartbeat increased and my mouth went dry. I wasn't even able to read the written speech properly. I was not aware of where I was standing and what I was reading. That was the day when I realized my biggest weakness, Public Speaking.
After my speech, I met with the principal and explained what happened to me. He told me that this happens to everyone. Even great speaker, faced the same things when they started. He suggested that I come again next time.
Around one month later, I was invited to refer to a topic on Motivation. This time I was feeling comfortable. My speech was not only appreciated by the principal as well as the teachers, because I was able to get my idea across to them. They encouraged and praised my efforts.
After delivering this presentation successfully, I became more confident. I said to myself, “If I can speak in front of such a learned audience, like the principal who educates others, I can now speak in front of others too.”
I started delivering lectures in my plant, on various topics like Self Motivation, Personality Development, Personal Excellence, Spoken English and Presentation Skills. This has become a passion for me. I learned that everything is possible if we have the courage to take the first step.
语篇解读：作者通过自己的亲身经历告诉我们如何摆脱在台上演讲的恐惧心理，相信自己，战胜恐惧，千里之行始于足下。
5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Practice Makes a Man a Better Speechmaker
B．Public Speaking Makes a Man Embarrassed.
C．Principal Provides the Best Chances.
D．Spoken English Develops in Speeches.
答案：A 主旨大意题。 A“练习能够使人成为一名更好的演讲家”；B“公众演讲让人尴尬”；C“校长提供了最好的机会”；D“英语口语在演讲中提高”。通读全文，并根据文章的最后两段可知作者通过多次的演讲逐渐克服了讲话时的紧张感，成为一名善于演讲的人。故选A。
6．The author had bad feelings before the speech because ________.
A．he disliked the idea of giving a lecture
B．he had got a high fever before that
C．he regretted accepting the invitation
D．he feared he couldn't perform it properly
答案：D 推理判断题。 根据文章第一段的“The time from his call to the next morning seemed like years. The whole night, I could not sleep with many ominous apprehensions in mind和Finally, I gathered some courage”可知作者是害怕自己不能顺利完成演讲。故选D。
7．What does the underlined part “ominous apprehensions” in the first paragraph mean?
A．Unlucky opportunities. B．Negative ideas.
C．Curious views. D．Happy comments.
答案：B 词义猜测题。A. Unlucky opportunities“不幸的机会”；B. Negative ideas“否定观点”；C. Curious views“好奇的观点”；D. Happy comments“幸福的评论”。根据该句前面的“The time from his call to the next morning seemed like years”可推断作者的脑中都是否定的观点。故选B。
8．What can we conclude from the passage?
A．Nothing is to be got without pains but poverty.
B．Knowledge makes humble, ignorance makes proud.
C．A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
D．Necessity is the mother of invention.
答案：C 判断推理题。 A．“没有付出，除了贫穷一无所获”；B.“知识使人谦虚，无知使人骄傲”；C.“千里之行始于足下”；D.“需要是发明之母”。根据文章的最后一句话“I learned that everything is possible if we have the courage to take the first step”推断选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2016·聊城一中阶段测试)
What will you do if you can't eat everything bought in the canteen? __1__ According to a survey, what students waste every year could feed over 10 million people.
__2__ According to Xinhua News Agency, the food wasted by Chinese people is about 50 million tons of grain every year, which could feed 200 million people.
Food waste, which has become a global issue, serves as a mirror that reflects various cultural and social issues in different countries. In the West, for instance, consumerism, the belief that it's a good thing to use a lot of goods and services, is often to blame for food waste. __3__ Chinese people are well known for being hospitable and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food. On campus, a generation of single children is less aware of the food waste issue. Students nowadays are well protected by their families and hardly have any concept of how much toil (辛劳) others go through in order to provide them with the food they eat.
__4__ There are over 925 million hungry people in the world, most of whom live in underdeveloped countries and areas. They don't have enough food to eat. Many children die for lack of nutrition each year in some African countries. And farmers work very hard to grow the crops. __5__ It's also important that everyone should think about how they can do their bit to reduce food waste.
A．Students' waste is extremely serious.
B．China, in turn, features its own eating culture.
C．Students can never realize the serious food crisis.
D．Compared with them, some live in a different world.
E．But canteen waste is merely the tip of the iceberg.
F．So there's no excuse that we should waste our food.
G．Most of us would simply throw away any leftover food.
语篇解读：文章主要讲的是浪费食物的现象。学生往往会把吃剩下的饭菜倒掉，学校食堂的浪费现象只是冰山一角，我国每年浪费的粮食有大约两千万吨。做题时注意上下文的联系和段落大意。
1．G 根据第二行“what students waste every year could feed over 10 million people”可知，学生们会把吃不完的饭菜倒掉，由此造成的浪费能够养活一千多万人，故选G。
2．E 根据“the food wasted by Chinese people is about 50 million tons of grain every year, which could feed 200 million people”可知，中国人浪费掉的粮食能够养活两亿人，说明食堂的浪费现象只是冰山一角，故选E。
3．B 根据本段首句“Food waste... serves as a mirror that reflects various cultural and social issues”和“Chinese people are well known for being hospitable and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food.”可知，食物浪费现象反映一个国家的饮食文化和习惯，故选B。
4．D 根据“There are over 925 million hungry people in the world, most of whom live in underdeveloped countries and areas.”可知，本段讲的是处于饥饿中的人们，故选D。
5．F 根据“Many children die for lack of nutrition each year...And farmers work very hard to grow the crops.”可知，世界其它地方的孩子因饥饿而死，而且农民种粮食很辛苦，因此我们没有理由浪费粮食，每个人都应该想一想该怎样减少食物浪费，故选F。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tim：Hi，Susan. I've been wondering when I'd run into you. What are you busy with?
Susan：Nice to meet you here, Tim. I'm buying some Christmas gifts
for those __1__ work with me，but it's really __2__ headache.
Tim：Maybe I can give you some advice. Firstly, you should consider __3__(divide) them into different groups—who are the people that are your friends as well as your workmates and who are the people you don't know well __4__ see pretty much daily.
Susan：OK.Then __5__ should I do?
Tim：For the friends, you can buy__6__ some personal gifts. Chocolate, for example.
Susan：This is what I always give，but I know one of my friends，Mary, is __7__ a diet.
Tim：Does she like fruit or coffee? Anyway, think of a gift that you know your friend likes.
Susan：Well, I think fruit is helpful to keep __8__(health). What about others?
Tim：You can send them cards.
Susan: Christmas cards?
Tim：Yes，you can afford them. More __9__(important), it reminds them that you're thinking of them.
Susan：Thank you for your suggestion, Tim. You __10__(help) me
out.
语篇解读：苏珊正为给同事买圣诞礼物而头疼，这时蒂姆给了她一些建议。
1．who “__1__ work with me”为定语从句，先行词为those，关系词在定语从句中作主语，且指“人”，故用who引导。
2．a 句意：……但那真是件令人头疼的事情。headache为可数名词，此处表泛指，故与不定冠词连用。
3．dividing 设空处作consider的宾语，consider后需加动名词作宾语，故设空处用dividing。
4．but 句意：……哪些是你不是很熟悉但每天见面很多的人。由此可见前后两部分为转折关系，故用but连接。
5．what 句意：好的。然后我该做什么呢？考查疑问代词。根据上下文逻辑可知设空处用what“什么”。
6．them buy后常加双宾语，故此处用them指代前面提到的friends。
7．on on a diet为固定短语，意为：在节食。
8．healthy keep healthy“保持健康”。形容词healthy作系动词keep的表语。
9．importantly “more importantly”常用于句首修饰整个句子，意为：更重要的是。
10．have helped 考查时态。既然蒂姆给了苏珊很好的建议，因此可推断出蒂姆已经帮助苏珊摆脱了困境，故设空处用现在完成时态。
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Jack London was a famous America writer. He was born in January 12th, 1876, in San Francisco. His family was very poor, so Jack had to leave for school to make money. He worked hard in much difficult jobs. Later Jack returned school, but he didn't stay. He wrote, “Life and pocket book were all too short.” In 1887, he went to Alaska to find out gold. He returned home and started to write. His writings were successfully, and he became rich and famous. Jack was no a happy man, however. In poor health, he took off her own life in 1926.
答案：
Jack London was a famous
writer. He was born
January 12th, 1876, in San Francisco. His family was very poor, so Jack had to leave for school to make money. He worked hard in
difficult jobs. Later Jack returned
school, but he didn't stay. He wrote, “Life and pocket book were
too short.” In 1887, he went to Alaska to find out gold. He returned home and started to write. His writings were ， and he became rich and famous. Jack was
a happy man, however. In poor health, he took off
own life in 1926.